scholarly journals Distinguishing between enamel fluorosis and other enamel defects in permanent teeth of children

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aira Sabokseir ◽  
Ali Golkari ◽  
Aubrey Sheiham
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Health Related

Background.The inconsistent prevalence of fluorosis for a given level of fluoride in drinking water suggests developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) other than fluorosis were being misdiagnosed as fluorosis. The imprecise definition and subjective perception of fluorosis indices could result in misdiagnosis of dental fluorosis. This study was conducted to distinguish genuine fluorosis from fluorosis-resembling defects that could have adverse health-related events as a cause using Early Childhood Events Life-grid method (ECEL).Methods.A study was conducted on 400 9-year-old children from areas with high, optimal and low levels of fluoride in the drinking water of Fars province, Iran. Fluorosis cases were diagnosed on the standardized one view photographs of the anterior teeth using Dean’s and TF (Thylstrup and Fejerskov) Indices by calibrated dentists. Agreements between examiners were tested. Early childhood health-related data collected retrospectively by ECEL method were matched with the position of enamel defects.Results.Using both Dean and TF indices three out of four dentists diagnosed that 31.3% (115) children had fluorosis, 58.0%, 29.1%, and 10.0% in high (2.12–2.85 ppm), optimal (0.62–1.22 ppm), and low (0.24–0.29 ppm) fluoride areas respectively (p< 0.001). After matching health-related events in the 115 (31.3%) of children diagnosed with fluorosis, 31 (8.4%) of children had fluorosis which could be matched with their adverse health-related events. This suggests that what was diagnosed as fluorosis were non-fluoride related DDEs that resemble fluorosis.Discussion.The frequently used measures of fluorosis appear to overscore fluorosis. Use of ECEL method to consider health related events relevant to DDEs could help to differentiate between genuine fluorosis and fluorosis-resembling defects.

Fluoride and Enamel Defects

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Dark Staining

The concentration of fluoride in drinking water is the major determinant of the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in a community. Fluorosis is more prevalent and discernible in permanent teeth than in primary teeth; the intensity can range from barely perceptible, whitish striations in enamel to confluent pitting and dark staining. The traditional belief is that fluorosis is produced only during the secretory stages of ameloblastic activity. Some recent reports suggest that the maturation stages of enamel development are as important as or even more important than the secretory stages as the time when fluorosis can be produced. The question of timing remains unresolved. Many questions also remain about general and individual physiologic variations in relation to susceptibility to dental fluorosis. Good criteria for differential diagnosis exist to distinguish dental fluorosis from non-fluoride enamel opacities. An increasing number of reports indicates that the prevalence of fluorosis may be increasing among children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Reasons for the increases may relate to misuse of dietary fluoride supplements, ingestion of fluoride toothpastes, or increasing amounts of fluoride in foods or the atmosphere. The intensity of the increased fluorosis is in the milder categories and is not generally unsightly. It should be recognized that a small amount of fluorosis may be an alternative to a greater prevalence of dental caries, a disease that may produce cosmetic problems and sequelae worse than those produced by fluorosis.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotics in early Childhood and Dental Enamel Defects in 6¬ to 12¬year¬old Children in Primary Health Care.

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Daniel Faustino-Silva ◽  
Ariston Rocha ◽  
Bruno da Rocha ◽  
Caroline Stein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Primary Health

Dental enamel defects (DED) are lesions that occur due several factors. Proper care is needed to promote their treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of DED in permanent teeth of children who used antimicrobial drugs in the first four years of life. This is a crosssectional study carried out in a Primary Health Care (PHC) service, which included children from six to 12 years of age. DED were evaluated by oral examination, and data on the use of antimicrobials in early childhood were collected based on medical records. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The sample included 144 children. In relation to DED, 50% (72) and 20.1% (29) presented opacity and hypoplasia, respectively. Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed drug, followed by sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim. Among the children, 78.5% (113) were prescribed antimicrobial drugs at least once during the first 4 years of life, and 55% (79) of them presented some type of DED. There was no statistically significant association between the variables analyzed. In conclusion, there was high prevalence of children with DED, and amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic.

scholarly journals Is severe early childhood caries predictive of caries and fluorosis in permanent teeth? Ten-year follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Lorena NUNES-DOS-SANTOS ◽  
Lúcia de Fátima ALMEIDA DE DEUS MOURA ◽  
Marina de DEUS MOURA LIMA ◽  
Teresinha SOARES PEREIRA LOPES ◽  
Marcoeli SILVA DE MOURA
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Introduction Severe early childhood caries is defined as the presence of any sign of decay in children younger than three years. Objective This retrospective longitudinal observational study investigated caries and fluorosis in children with S-ECC from a city with fluoridated water. Material and method We included children under the age of three years who followed a maternal and child dental care program between the years of 1997 and 2003. The children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (S-ECC) and group 2 (no caries). Guardians were contacted by telephone or mail. Caregivers completed questionnaire on socio-demographic and behavioral variables. The clinical dental examinations were performed in a dental clinic to assess caries experience and dental fluorosis. Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors associated with DMFT, and multivariate analysis by multiple logistic regression was used to determine the possible independent factors associated with the occurrence of fluorosis. Result The sample consisted of 126 patients aged 8-12 years, of whom 52.4% were male. The presence of S-ECC increased the DMFT by an average of 0.84 (p = 0.02). Both the frequency of tooth brushing and the use of standard toothpaste were protective factors from the development of caries in the permanent dentition (p <0.05). Parents who reported that their children refused to brush their teeth had 70% less chance of developing fluorosis (p = 0.02). Conclusion The presence of S-ECC was a risk factor for the development of caries in the permanent dentition, but not for the development of fluorosis.

Impact of early childhood caries on oral health‐related quality of life: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Zaror ◽  
Andrea Matamala‐Santander ◽  
Montse Ferrer ◽  
Fernando Rivera‐Mendoza ◽  
Gerardo Espinoza‐Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Health‐related quality of life after pediatric heart transplantation in early childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Garcia Guerra ◽  
Gwen Y. Bond ◽  
Ari R. Joffe ◽  
Irina A Dinu ◽  
Morteza Hajihosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pediatric Heart Transplantation

Guest Editors' Comments: Health-Related Issues in Early Childhood

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-130
Author(s):  
LeAdelle Phelps ◽  
Steven Landau
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Related

Health of the offspring of immigrants: the BaBi birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-300
Author(s):  
Céline Miani ◽  
Oliver Razum ◽  
Jacob Spallek
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Health System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
German Health ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Children with a migration background are more at risk of health-related problems than those without a migration background. The German health system still does not adequately meet the challenges of on increasingly heterogeneous population, not least due to a lack of adequate epidemiological data and models. The BaBi study contributes to gaining new insights in the development of health inequalities due to cultural diversity in Germany, with a focus on pregnancy and early childhood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document