scholarly journals Genetic diversity ofPoa pratensisL. depending on geographical origin and compared with genetic markers

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szenejko ◽  
Przemysław Śmietana ◽  
Edyta Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Substantial Degree

BackgroundPoa pratensisis one of the most common species of meadow grass in Europe. Most cultivars of the species found in Poland were originally derived from its ecotypes. We compared the effectiveness of the RAPD and ISSR methods in assessing the genetic diversity of the selected populations ofP. pratensis. We examined whether these methods could be useful for detecting a possible link between the geographical origin of a given population and its assessed genetic variation.MethodsThe molecular markers RAPD and ISSR were used and their efficiency compared using, inter alia, statistical multivariate methods (UPGMA and PCA).ResultsThe low value of Dice’s coefficient (0.369) along with the significantly high percentage of polymorphic products indicates a substantial degree of genetic diversity among the studied populations. Our results found a correlation between the geographical origin of the studied populations and their genetic variations. For ISSR, which proved to be the more effective method in that respect, we selected primers with the greatest differentiating powers correlating to geographical origin.DiscussionThe populations evaluated in this study were characterized by a high genetic diversity. This seems to confirm the hypothesis that ecotypes ofP. pratensisoriginating from different regions of Central Europe with different terrain structures and habitat conditions can be a source of great genetic variability.

There Is No Evidence of Geographical Patterning among Invasive Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Populations in the Northern Great Plains

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Dennhardt ◽  
Edward S. DeKeyser ◽  
Sarah A. Tennefos ◽  
Steven E. Travers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

The study of colonizing and of dominant grass species is essential for prairie conservation efforts. We sought to answer how naturalized Kentucky bluegrass in the northern Great Plains has become successful in the last 20 yr despite its long history in the northern Great Plains. We tested for evidence of geographical differentiation using flow cytometry and microsatellite markers to ascertain the population genetics of Kentucky bluegrass. Across all tested wild populations, high levels of genetic diversity were detected along with moderate levels of structure. Mantel tests of geographical patterns were not significant. Using clonal assignment, we found two major clones that made up the majority of the tested wild populations. When we compared the wild individuals to pedigree cultivars, we found virtually no genetic overlap across all tests, which did not support our hypothesis of developed cultivars contributing to high genetic diversity in natural populations. Furthermore, DNA content tests indicated a narrow range in ploidy in wild populations compared with lawn cultivars, further supporting a hypothesis of divergence between wild and pedigree cultivars. These results indicate the recent invasion of Kentucky bluegrass in the northern Great Plains is not because of adaptation or propagule pressure, but rather likely an environmental or land use shift.

Genetic diversity and relationships among Egyptian Galium (Rubiaceae) and related species using ISSR and RAPD markers

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadry Abdel Khalik ◽  
Magdy Abd El-Twab ◽  
Rasha Galal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Issr Primers

AbstractGenetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of 24 species, representing nine sections of the genus Galium (Rubiaceae), have been made using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and combined ISSR and RAPD markers. Four ISSR primers and three RAPD primers generated 250 polymorphic amplified fragments. The results of this study showed that the level of genetic variation in Galium is relatively high. RAPD markers revealed a higher level of polymorphism (158 bands) than ISSR (92 bands). Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrograms were compared. Six clades can be recognized within Galium, which mostly corroborate, but also partly contradict, traditional groupings. UPGMA-based dendrogram showed a close relationship between members of section Leiogalium with G. verum and G. humifusum (sect. Galium), and G. angustifolium (sect. Lophogalium). Principal coordinated analysis, however, showed some minor differences with UPGMA-based dendrograms. The more apomorphic groups of Galium form the section Leiogalium clade including the perennial sections Galium, Lophogalium, Jubogalium, Hylaea and Leptogalium as well as the annual section Kolgyda. The remaining taxa of Galium are monophyletic.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Genetik Nyamuk Vektor Filariasis Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan Dengan Metode PCR-RAPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Anindita Riesti Retno Arimurti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Matching Coefficient

Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of nematode worms, namely Wuchereria bancrofti which is the cause of filariasis in tropical and subtropical countries. Distributed of Cx. quinquefasciatus is widely in Indonesia with differences the geographical, resulting in the adaptation to the environment and may  results in a high variation, both phenotypic (morphology) and genotypic (genetic) variation. This study aims was to determine the genetic diversity of mosquitoes Cx.quinquefasciatus as vector filariasis in Pekalongan City and Regent. Genetic characterization performed by PCR-RAPD using three primers, ie OPA-11, OPA-12, and OPA-15. Data were analyzed by using UPGMA algorithm and Simple Matching Coefficient and presented as dendrogram. The results showed a high genetic diversity with the polymorphisms up to 100%.  Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, vector, filariasis, PCR-RAPD 

scholarly journals Genetic Similarity of Commerson’s Anchovy across Segara Anakan Cilacap Assessed Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khoerol Anam ◽  
Adi Amurwanto ◽  
Kusbiyanto Kusbiyanto ◽  
Hendro Pramono ◽  
M Husein Sastranegara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Impressive Result

Segara Anakan areas can be divided into three different regions according to their salinity. Salinity differences suggested that Commerson’s anchovy population in that area can be divided into three subpopulations due to genetic differences. Genetic differences among subpopulation can be assessed through a population genetic study using random amplified polymorphic DNA. This study aims to evaluate the genetic variation and differences of Commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii) collected at three different water salinities in Segara Anakan estuary Cilacap Indonesia. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Chelex method. Genetic diversity and differences were assessed using RAPD markers and were analyzed statistically using an analysis of molecular variance, as implemented in Arlequin software.  The results showed that high genetic diversity was observed within the subpopulations. However, no significant genetic differences were observed among subpopulations which indicate genetic similarity. A high number of offspring are likely to cause high genetic variation within subpopulations.  Adult and larvae migration is the cause of genetics similarity across Segara Anakan. Another impressive result is that water salinity did not affect the genetic characteristic of Commerson,s anchovy. Genetic similarity of Commerson’s anchovy indicates that Segara Anakan forms a single genetic conservation unit.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of weedy traits during sunflower de-domestication: the importance of hybridization and standing genetic variation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Hernandez ◽  
Roman Boris Vercellino ◽  
Claudio Pandolfo ◽  
Jennifer R. Mandel ◽  
Alejandro Presotto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance

Hybridization between crops and their wild relatives may promote the evolution of de-domesticated (feral) weeds. Wild sunflower is typically found in ruderal environments, but crop-wild hybridization may facilitate the evolution of weedy biotypes. Using one crop-specific mitochondrial marker (CMS-PET1) and 14 nuclear SSR markers, we studied the origin and genetic diversity of BRW, a recently discovered weedy biotype. Then, using a resurrection approach, we tested for rapid evolution of weedy traits (seed dormancy, herbicide resistance, and competitive ability) by sampling weedy and wild biotypes 10 years apart (2007 and 2017). All the weedy plants present the CMS-PET1 cytotype, confirming their feral origin. At the nuclear markers, BRW showed higher genetic diversity than the cultivated lines, as high genetic diversity as the most diverse wild biotypes, and low differentiation with one wild biotype, suggesting that wild hybridization increased the genetic diversity of the feral BRW. Regarding weedy trait evolution, we found support for rapid evolution towards higher seed dormancy, but not for higher competitive ability or herbicide resistance. Standing genetic variation probably facilitated the evolution of seed dormancy and limited the evolution of herbicide resistance, as no resistant alleles were found in the ancestral biotype. Our results demonstrate that natural crop-wild hybrids can evolve quickly in farmers' fields, leading to the establishment of weedy biotypes of cultivated origin. Although herbicide resistance did not evolve in BRW, management strategies aimed at preventing the evolution of resistance should be a priority in order to avoid the emergence and spread of herbicide resistant biotypes in Argentina.

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity and Low Differentiation in Michelia shiluensis, an Endangered Magnolia Species in South China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Deng ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yuqing Xie ◽  
Yaqing Wei ◽  
Zicai Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cpdna Markers

Research Highlights: This study is the first to examine the genetic diversity of Michelia shiluensis (Magnoliaceae). High genetic diversity and low differentiation were detected in this species. Based on these results, we discuss feasible protection measures to provide a basis for the conservation and utilization of M. shiluensis. Background and Objectives: Michelia shiluensis is distributed in Hainan and Guangdong province, China. Due to human disturbance, the population has decreased sharply, and there is thus an urgent need to evaluate genetic variation within this species in order to identify an optimal conservation strategy. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used eight nuclear single sequence repeat (nSSR) markers and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to assess the genetic diversity, population structure, and dynamics of 78 samples collected from six populations. Results: The results showed that the average observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) from nSSR markers in each population of M. shiluensis were 0.686, 0.718, and 97.92%, respectively. For cpDNA markers, the overall haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.674, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.220. Analysis of markers showed that the genetic variation between populations was much lower based on nSSR than on cpDNA (10.18% and 77.56%, respectively, based on an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA)). Analysis of the population structure based on the two markers shows that one of the populations (DL) is very different from the other five. Conclusions: High genetic diversity and low population differentiation of M. shiluensis might be the result of rich ancestral genetic variation. The current decline in population may therefore be due to human disturbance rather than to inbreeding or genetic drift. Management and conservation strategies should focus on maintaining the genetic diversity in situ, and on the cultivation of seedlings ex-situ for transplanting back to their original habitat.

Genetic diversity in Cinnamomum tamala Nees. accessions through DNA fingerprinting using molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zafar Haider ◽  
Ujjwal . Bhandari ◽  
Gaurav . Naik ◽  
Nirpendra . Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya

The present study aims to investigate the genetic variation in Cinnamomum tamala Nees. (Lauraceae) accessions collected from different locations of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The leaves samples were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. A total 22 primers were used for initial screening in order to select the ones giving good amplification. Seven primers (OPA-12, OPA-18, OPB-10, OPB-17, ISSR-21, ISSR-24 and ISSR-30) were found to be polymorphic in eight accessions. Based on combined profile of ISSR and RAPD markers the dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA cluster analysis and all the accessions showed discrimination from one another. All the accessions were clustered into two major groups, one containing T1-T4 and second T5-T8. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.3 % for three ISSR markers and 70.5 % for four RAPD markers. This emphasize that ISSR markers were found to be the best for genetic variation in the species.

Determination of intra-specific genetic variation of Phlomis kurdica and Phlomis oppositiflora and investigation for the hybridity of P. x melitenense (Lamiaceae) by means of molecular markers

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1171
Author(s):  
Özay Hasan Evren ◽  
Ertuǧrul Yüzbaşıoǧlu ◽  
Mehmet Yaşar Dadandı
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rapd And Issr

Abstract In this study, intra-specific genetic variation and inter-specific genetic relation were investigated among Phlomis oppositiflora, P. kurdica, P. × melitenense (P. kurdica × oppositiflora), P. capitata and P. kurdica × capitata by using RAPD and ISSR markers. The hybridity of P. × melitenense and P. kurdica × capitata samples was also surveyed in terms of morphological and molecular aspects. Except for two, all bands obtained from RAPD (707 bands) and ISSR (651 bands) analyses were polymorphic. The lowest genetic distance values obtained from RAPD and ISSR analyses were 0.0156 (between P. × melitenense and P. kurdica) and 0.0142 (between P. × melitenense and P. kurdica) respectively. The highest genetic distance values obtained from RAPD and ISSR analyses were 0.0866 (between P. kotschyana and P. oppositiflora) and 0.1237 (between P. kotschyana and P. kurdica × capitata) respectively. While P. kurdica indicated the highest genetic diversity (H = 0.1572; I = 0.2646) in RAPD analysis, P. capitata displayed the highest genetic diversity (H = 0.1403; I = 0.2329) in ISSR analysis. AMOVA results showed that 86% and 75% of the total variance resided within groups based on RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. Based on the RAPD and ISSR results, both P. × melitenense and P. kurdica × capitata samples inherited species specific bands from their parental species, which confirms their hybridity. Although both P. × melitenense and P. kurdica × capitata hybrids showed a morphological mosaic between their parental phenotypes in terms of the majority of the quantitative characters examined, P. × melitenense and P. kurdica × capitata exceeded their parental phenotypes in terms of the three and 11 quantitative characters respectively. MANOVA results from the morphological data showed significant distinction among P. kurdica, P. oppositiflora, P. × melitenense, P. capitata and P. kurdica × capitata (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.003; df = 112; P < 0.01). Average pollen fertilities of P. oppositiflora, P. × melitenense, P. capitata, P. kurdica and P. kurdica × capitata were 93.44%, 68.42%, 93.28 %, 90.12% and 92.77% respectively.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of local corn (Zea mays) cultivars from South Amarasi, Kupang District, Indonesia by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats marker

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uslan Uslan ◽  
NUR JANNAH
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract. Uslan, Jannah N. 2020. Genetic diversity of local corn (Zea mays) cultivars from South Amarasi, Kupang District, Indonesia by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats marker. Biodiversitas 21: 1208-1214. Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops in Indonesia. However, the studies described their genetic variation is relatively poor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of local corn cultivars from South Amarasi, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia using ISSR markers. The sampling was conducted in 4 different sites in Sub-district of Amarasi, Kupang District. A total of 11 corn cultivars from Sub-district of South Amarasi was collected. DNA isolation was performed by using CTAB Method. Clustering analysis was conducted on MSVP 3.2 software. It was shown that all ISSR-primers used (UBC 811, UBC 814 and UBC 824) were successfully produced polymorphic bands and represents the high genetic diversity of the local corn cultivars. The genetic distance index indicated that several corn cultivars from two different populations were geographically unclustered, although there are samples from several populations that have a low genetic distance. The genetic variation index also showed high genetic diversity among the populations. Further research on the exhaustive sample collection was needed to give an insight into the genetic diversity of local corn cultivars (Zea mays L.) from South Amarasi, Indonesia. Please write implementation of this research

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