scholarly journals Soymilk residue (okara) as a natural immobilization carrier forLactobacillus plantarumcells enhances soymilk fermentation, glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion, and cell survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xiudong ◽  
Wang Ying ◽  
Liu Xiaoli ◽  
Li Ying ◽  
Zhou Jianzhong
Keyword(s):  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Acetic Acids

Cell immobilization is an alternative to microencapsulation for the maintenance of cells in a liquid medium. However, artificial immobilization carriers are expensive and pose a high safety risk. Okara, a food-grade byproduct from soymilk production, is rich in prebiotics. Lactobacilli could provide health enhancing effects to the host. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of okara as a natural immobilizer forL. plantarum70810 cells. The study also aimed to evaluate the effects of okara-immobilizedL. plantarum70810 cells (IL) on soymilk fermentation, glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion, and cell resistance to simulated gastric and intestinal stresses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to show cells adherence to the surface of okara. Lactic acid, acetic acid and isoflavone analyses in unfermented and fermented soymilk were performed by HPLC with UV detection. Viability and growth kinetics of immobilized and freeL. plantarum70810 cells (FL) were followed during soymilk fermentation. Moreover, changes in pH, titrable acidity and viscosity were measured by conventional methods. For in vitro testing of simulated gastrointestinal resistance, fermented soymilk was inoculated with FL or IL and an aliquot incubated into acidic MRS broth which was conveniently prepared to simulate gastric, pancreatic juices and bile salts. Survival to simulated gastric and intestinal stresses was evaluated by plate count of colony forming units on MRS agar. SEM revealed that the lactobacilli cells attached and bound to the surface of okara. Compared with FL, IL exhibited a significantly higher specific growth rate, shorter lag phase of growth, higher productions of lactic and acetic acids, a faster decrease in pH and increase in titrable acidity, and a higher soymilk viscosity. Similarly, IL in soymilk showed higher productions of daizein and genistein compared with the control. Compared with FL, IL showed reinforced resistance to simulatedgastric and intestinal stresses in vitro that included low pH, low pH plus pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salt. Our results indicate that okara is a new potential immobilization carrier to enhance the growth and glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion activities ofL. plantarumin soymilk and improve cell survivability following simulated gastric and intestinal conditions.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum immobilized onto soymilk residue (Okara) for the enhancement of soymilk fermentation and cell survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xiudong ◽  
Wang Ying ◽  
Liu Xiaoli ◽  
Li Ying ◽  
Zhou Jianzhong
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cell Resistance ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions

Cell immobilization is an alternative to microencapsulation for the maintenance of cells in a liquid medium. However, artificial immobilization carriers are expensive and pose a high safety risk. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of okara, a food-grade byproduct from soymilk production, as a natural immobilizer for L. plantarum 70810 cells. The study also aimed to evaluate the effects of okara-immobilized L. plantarum 70810 cells on soymilk fermentation, glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion, and cell resistance to gastrointestinal (GI) stress. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lactobacilli cells attached and bound to okara’s surface. Compared with the free cells (FL), immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum (IL) cells exhibited a significantly higher specific growth rate and shorter lag phase of growth, a faster decrease in pH and increase in titrable acidity, and a higher soymilk viscosity. Similarly, IL in soymilk showed higher productions of daizein and genistein compared with the control. Compared with FL, IL showed reinforced resistance to simulatedGI stress in vitro that included low pH, low pH plus pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salt. Our results indicate that okara is a new potential immobilization carrier to enhance the growth and glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion activities of L. plantarum in soymilk and improve cell survivability following GI transit.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum immobilized onto soymilk residue (Okara) for the enhancement of soymilk fermentation and cell survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xiudong ◽  
Wang Ying ◽  
Liu Xiaoli ◽  
Li Ying ◽  
Zhou Jianzhong
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cell Resistance ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions

Cell immobilization is an alternative to microencapsulation for the maintenance of cells in a liquid medium. However, artificial immobilization carriers are expensive and pose a high safety risk. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of okara, a food-grade byproduct from soymilk production, as a natural immobilizer for L. plantarum 70810 cells. The study also aimed to evaluate the effects of okara-immobilized L. plantarum 70810 cells on soymilk fermentation, glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion, and cell resistance to gastrointestinal (GI) stress. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lactobacilli cells attached and bound to okara’s surface. Compared with the free cells (FL), immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum (IL) cells exhibited a significantly higher specific growth rate and shorter lag phase of growth, a faster decrease in pH and increase in titrable acidity, and a higher soymilk viscosity. Similarly, IL in soymilk showed higher productions of daizein and genistein compared with the control. Compared with FL, IL showed reinforced resistance to simulatedGI stress in vitro that included low pH, low pH plus pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salt. Our results indicate that okara is a new potential immobilization carrier to enhance the growth and glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion activities of L. plantarum in soymilk and improve cell survivability following GI transit.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS INULINASE OLEH Pichia manshurica DAN FUSAN F4 PADA FERMENTASI BATCH DENGAN UMBI DAHLIA (Dahlia sp) SEBAGAI SUBSTRAT

REAKTOR ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijanarka Wijanarka ◽  
Endang Sutariningsih Soetarto ◽  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
Ari Indrianto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inulinase Activity ◽  
Pichia Manshurica ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Kinetics Of

ACTIVITY OF INULINASE OF Pichia Manshuria AND FUSAN F4 ON BATCH FERMENTATION UDING DAHLIA TUBER (Dahlia sp) AS A SUBSTRATE. A dahlia tuber is one of the common inulin rich crops. Inulin is formed by units of fructans, which are polymers of D-fructose. Inulinases (EC 3.2.1.7) catalyze the hydrolysis of inulin, producing fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulooligosaccharides (IOS), pulullan, acetone, butanol and sorbitol, therefore dahlia tubers are used as growth media. The inulin hydrolyzing activity has been reported from various microbial strains Pichia manshurica and Fusan F4 which is the result of fusion protoplast. The objective of this study was to determine the activity of inulinase Pichia manshurica and Fusan F4 on the substrate dahlia tubers. Fusan F4 to increase inulinase activity compared with Pichia manshurica and to investigate the kinetics of specific growth rate (μ) and time double (g) from of Pichia manshurica and Fusan F4. The results showed that the exponential phase occurs at 0-12 hour without a lag phase. P. manshurica has a specific growth rate (μ) of 0.18/hour with time double (g) 3.90 hours and the inulinase enzyme activity of 0.56 IU, while for Fusan F4 consecutive has a value μ of 0.20/hour, g of 3.49 hours and the activity of 0.69 IU. The conclusion of this research is to improve Fusan F4 inulinase activity and the ability has to be better than the Pichia manshurica.Umbi dahlia merupakan salah satu umbi yang mengandung inulin. Inulin merupakan polimer fruktan yang dapat dipecah oleh enzim inulinase (E.C. 3.2.1.7) menjadi fruktosa. Fruktosa merupakan bahan baku dasar untuk pembuatan FOS, IOS, pulullan, aseton dan sorbitol, oleh karena itu umbi dahlia digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan. Enzim inulinase ini secara indigenous dimiliki oleh Pichia manshurica dan Fusan F4 yang merupakan hasil fusi protoplas.Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui aktivitas inulinase Pichia manshurica dan Fusan F4 pada substrat umbi dahlia, Fusan F4 mampu meningkatkan aktivitas inulinase dibandingkan dengan Pichia manshurica serta untuk mengetahui kinetika kecepatan pertumbuhan specifik (µ) dan waktu generasi (g) Pichia manshurica dan Fusan F4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fase  eksponensial terjadi pada jam ke-0 sampai jam ke-12 tanpa diikuti fase lag, Pichia manshurica mempunyai kecepatan pertumbuhan specific (µ)  sebesar 0,18/jam dengan waktu generasi (g) 3,90 jam dan aktivitas enzim inulinase yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,56 IU, sedangkan untuk fusan F4 secara berturut-turut mempunyai nilai µ sebesar 0,20/jam, g sebesar 3,49 jam dan aktivitas sebesar 0,69 IU. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Fusan F4 mampu meningkatkan aktivitas inulinase dan mempunyai kemampuan lebih baik dibanding dengan Pichia manshurica.

An In Vitro and In Vivo Study on the Intensity of Adhesion and Colonization by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Originally Synthesized Biomaterials With Different Chemical Composition and Modified Surfaces and Their Effect on Expression of TNF-α, β-Defensin 2 and IL-10 in Tissues

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigars Reinis ◽  
Māra Pilmane ◽  
Agnese Stunda ◽  
Jānis Vētra ◽  
Juta Kroiča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Tnf Α

The aim of this study was to determine adhesion and colonization of bacteria on the surface of originally synthesized glass-ceramic biomaterials and their effect on inflammation reactions in tissues surrounding the implant. Materials and Methods. Biomaterial discs were contaminated with bacterial suspensions of 10, 102, and 103 colony forming units (CFU)/mL (P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228), and after 2 hours of cultivation, the intensity of bacterial adhesion was determined. For in vivo tests, the samples were contaminated with 102 and 103 CFU/mL cultivated at 37oC for 2 h to ensure bacterial adhesion. Contaminated biomaterial samples were implanted in the interscapular area of chinchilla rabbits for 2 and 4 weeks. The biomaterials were removed, and using plate count and sonification methods, bacterial colonization on the surface of biomaterials was determined. Moreover, the expression of TNF-α, β-defensin 2, and IL-10 in the surrounding tissues was assessed by using immunohistochemistry methods. Results. P. aeruginosa more intensively colonized biomaterials in the in vivo study as compared with S. epidermidis. Il-10 is a regulatory cytokine, which reduces the intensity of inflammatory cell activity, thus reducing nonspecific resistance of the organism. Conclusions. The expression of TNF-α and IL-10 was not affected by short (2 and 4 weeks) biomaterial implantation. Pronounced cytokine expression in tissues around implanted biomaterials contaminated with P. aeruginosa was observed.

Effects of activin A and follistatin on developmental kinetics of bovine embryos: cinematographic analysis in a chemically defined medium

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yoshioka ◽  
C Suzuki ◽  
S Iwamura
Keyword(s):  
Defined Medium ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Number Of Cells

The effects of recombinant human activin A and follistatin on the developmental kinetics of bovine presumptive zygotes matured and fertilized in vitro using time-lapse cinematography were investigated. The presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days in a chemically defined medium (modified synthetic oviduct fluid, control) and modified synthetic oviduct fluid supplemented with activin A or follistatin. Development under cine-recording conditions was similar to that in an incubator. Addition of activin A to modified synthetic oviduct fluid increased, while addition of follistatin decreased, the percentage of zygotes that developed to morulae and blastocysts. Follistatin significantly prolonged the timing of development to the 9-16-cell stage compared with the control and activin A media. Activin A significantly shortened the duration of the third cell cycle compared with the control, but follistatin significantly prolonged the fourth cell cycle compared with the control and activin A. Developmental arrest ('lag-phase') during the 4-8-cell stage was observed in 95% of embryos developed to more than the 9-16-cell stage in all treatments. The greater the number of cells at the onset of the lag-phase, the earlier the onset of the phase and the shorter the duration of the phase, the further embryos were able to develop by day 9 in all treatments. The number of cells at the onset of the lag-phase in the medium containing activin A was significantly higher than it was in control or follistatin-containing media. Moreover, activin A significantly shortened the duration of the lag-phase compared with follistatin. The present results indicate that activin A may enhance in vitro development of bovine embryos by improving developmental kinetics, especially by increasing the number of cells at the onset of the lag-phase and shortening the duration of this phase.

scholarly journals Novel Nanocomposite Inhibiting Caries at the Enamel Restoration Margins in an In Vitro Saliva-Derived Biofilm Secondary Caries Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6369
Author(s):  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Xinyu Peng ◽  
Xuedong Zhou ◽  
Andrea Bonavente ◽  
Michael D. Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Ph ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Secondary Caries ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Caries Model ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
First Time

Secondary caries often occurs at the tooth-composite margins. This study developed a novel bioactive composite containing DMAHDM (dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate) and NACP (nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate), inhibiting caries at the enamel restoration margins in an in vitro saliva-derived biofilm secondary caries model for the first time. Four composites were tested: (1) Heliomolar nanocomposite, (2) 0% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (3) 3% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (D) 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP. Saliva-derived biofilms were tested for antibacterial effects of the composites. Bovine enamel restorations were cultured with biofilms, Ca and P ion release of nanocomposite and enamel hardness at the enamel restoration margins was measured. Incorporation of DMAHDM and NACP into composite did not affect the mechanical properties (p > 0.05). The biofilms’ CFU (colony-forming units) were reduced by 2 logs via DMAHDM (p < 0.05). Ca and P ion release of the nanocomposite was increased at cariogenic low pH. Enamel hardness at the margins for DMAHDM group was 25% higher than control (p < 0.05). With DMAHDM + NACP, the enamel hardness was the greatest and about 50% higher than control (p < 0.05). Therefore, the novel composite containing DMAHDM and NACP was strongly antibacterial and inhibited enamel demineralization, resulting in enamel hardness at the margins under biofilms that approached the hardness of healthy enamel.

Effect of Honey on the Growth of and Acid Production by Human Intestinal Bifidobacterium spp.: An In Vitro Comparison with Commercial Oligosaccharides and Inulin

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KAJIWARA ◽  
H. GANDHI ◽  
Z. USTUNOL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
End Products ◽  
In Vitro Comparison ◽  
Acetic Acids

Five human intestinal Bifidobacterium spp., B. longum, B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. bifidum, and B. infantis, were cultured in reinforced clostridial medium (control) and in reinforced clostridial medium supplemented with 5% (wt/vol) honey, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and inulin. Inoculated samples were incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 48 h. Samples were collected at 12-h intervals and examined for specific growth rate. Levels of fermentation end products (lactic and acetic acids) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Honey enhanced the growth of the five cultures much like FOS, GOS, and inulin did. Honey, FOS, GOS, and inulin were especially effective (P &lt; 0.05) in sustaining the growth of these cultures after 24 h of incubation as compared with the control treatment. Overall, the effects of honey on lactic and acetic acid production by intestinal Bifidobacterium spp. were similar to those of FOS, GOS, and inulin.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NICORANDIL FLOATING PULSATILE PELLETS FOR CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG DELIVERY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
P. T. Vani ◽  
◽  
V. P. Tubati ◽  
G. T. E. Murthy ◽  
S. S. A. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Peak Level ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Eudragit S100 ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective of the work was to develop nicorandil floating pulsatile pellets by pan coating technique where drug loaded pellets were coated with pH dependent polymer Eudragit S100 for chronotherapy of angina pectoris, an underlying cause of heart attack. These pellets were evaluated for micromeritics properties, particle size, percent entrapment efficiency, percent friability, in vitro floating ability, drug release and kinetics of pellets. The optimized batch exhibited good entrapment efficiency and flow properties, optimum friability and good floating property and released the drug at right time when symptoms are at peak level in early hours by maintaining required lag phase during floating in acidic medium for 5 hours, followed by burst release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4 phosphate buffer). It followed first order kinetics. Scanning Electronic Microscopy analysis of optimized batch revealed that the pellets were spherical in shape with smooth surface.

Adjunctive rifampicin increases antibiotic efficacy in group A streptococcal tissue infection models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bergsten ◽  
L M Palma Medina ◽  
M Morgan ◽  
K Moll ◽  
D H Skutlaberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Infection ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Rifampicin Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Group A ◽  
Antibiotic Efficacy

Objectives: Biofilm has recently been highlighted as a complicating feature of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes ( i.e. group A streptococcus ; GAS) contributing to a persistence of bacteria in tissue despite prolonged antibiotic therapy. Here we assessed the standard treatment of benzylpenicillin and clindamycin with or without rifampicin in a tissue-like setting. Methods: Antibiotic efficacy was evaluated by colony forming units determination in a human organotypic skin model infected for 24 or 48 hours with GAS strains isolated from NSTI patients. Antibiotic effect was also evaluated by micro-calorimetric metabolic assessment in in vitro infections of cellular monolayers providing continuous measurements over time. Results: Adjunctive rifampicin resulted in enhanced antibiotic efficacy of bacterial clearance in an organotypic skin tissue model: 97.5% vs. 93.9% (p=0.006). Through microcalorimetric measurements, adjunctive rifampicin resulted in decreased metabolic activity and extended lag phase for all clinical GAS strains tested (p<0.05). In addition, a case report is presented of adjunctive rifampicin treatment in an NSTI case with persistent GAS tissue infection. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that adjunctive rifampicin enhances clearance of GAS biofilm in an in vitro tissue infection model.

scholarly journals Growth Kinetics of Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains in the Alternative, Cost-Efficient Semi-Solid Fermentation Medium

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Śliżewska ◽  
Agnieszka Chlebicz-Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Efficient Fermentation ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Solid Fermentation

The growing need for Lactobacillus bacteria usage in industry and the expending probiotic market led to a search for new cost-efficient fermentation media from which a high yield of these bacteria could be obtained. The following study aimed to elaborate cultivation medium, for Lactobacillus spp. growth, which main components would be wheat, maize, barley, and rye flours. The optimal temperature for Lactobacillus growth in new semi-solid fermentation (SSF) medium, water content, and pH of the medium were analyzed by the plate count method. It was established, that the highest bacteria counts were obtained from cultures conducted in the SSF medium with flours to water ratio of 1:1.5 with a natural pH of 6.0 at 37 °C. Subsequently, the growth kinetics of analyzed strains, in both MRS and the SSF media, were studied. The newly designed media contributed to the increased duration of selected Lactobacillus strains lag phase, which varied from 1.98 to 5.64; nevertheless, the maximum growth rate of the strains was two times higher in the SSF medium rather than in MRS, which also resulted in shorter generation time. The developed medium has the potential to become a new cost-efficient fermentation medium for Lactobacillus spp.

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