scholarly journals Oxytetracycline induces DNA damage and epigenetic changes: a possible risk for human and animal health?

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Gallo ◽  
Rosaria Landi ◽  
Valentina Rubino ◽  
Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽  
Angela Giovazzino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background Oxytetracycline (OTC), which is largely employed in zootechnical and veterinary practices to ensure wellness of farmed animals, is partially absorbed within the gastrointestinal tract depositing in several tissues. Therefore, the potential OTC toxicity is relevant when considering the putative risk derived by the entry and accumulation of such drug in human and pet food chain supply. Despite scientific literature highlights several OTC-dependent toxic effects on human and animal health, the molecular mechanisms of such toxicity are still poorly understood. Methods Here, we evaluated DNA damages and epigenetic alterations by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immuno-precipitation and Western blot analysis. Results We observed that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) expressed DNA damage features (activation of ATM and p53, phosphorylation of H2AX and modifications of histone H3 methylation of lysine K4 in the chromatin) after the in vitro exposure to OTC. These changes are linked to a robust inflammatory response indicated by an increased expression of Interferon (IFN)-γ and type 1 superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Discussion Our data reveal an unexpected biological in vitro activity of OTC able to modify DNA and chromatin in cultured human PBMC. In this regard, OTC presence in foods of animal origin could represent a potential risk for both the human and animal health.

scholarly journals Η χρήση του πεπτιδίου Ec της ισόμορφης IGF-1Ec στην επισκευή χόνδρινων βλαβών

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Αρμακόλας
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Invasion Assays

Το πεπτίδιο Ec (PEc) του IGF-1Ec (IGF-1Ec) επάγει την κινητοποίηση των ανθρωπίνων μεσεγχυματικών βλαστικών κυττάρων (hMSC) και ενεργοποιεί την εξωκυτταρική κινάση 1 και 2 (ERK 1/2) διαφόρων κυττάρων. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση της επιδρασης του PEc στην κινητοποίηση και τη διαφοροποίηση των hMSCs, καθώς και η δυνατότητα εφαρμογής του σε συνδυασμό με τον TGF-β1 (TGF-β1) στην επιδιόρθωση του αρθρικού χόνδρου. Τα αποτελέσματα της εξωγενούς χορήγησης του ΡΕc και του ΤGF-β1, ξεχωριστά και σε συνδυασμό, σε hMSCs εκτιμήθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας trypan blue assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, Alcian blue staining, wound healing assays και migration/invasion assays. Προσδιορίστηκε ότι το PEc εμπλέκεται στη διαδικασία διαφοροποίησης των hMSCs προς υαλώδη χόνδρο. Η χορήγηση PEc ή / και TGF-β1 σε hMSCs έδειξε συγκρίσιμη εναπόθεση χονδρικής θεμέλειας ουσίας. Ακόμα, η χορήγηση του ΡΕc σε συνδυασμό με τον ΤGF-β1 συσχετίστηκε με μια σημαντική αύξηση στην κινητοποίηση των hMSC σε σύγκριση με την χορήγηση μόνο του TGF-β1 ή του ΡEc (Ρ <0,05). Επομένως, το ΡΕc φαίνεται να διευκολύνει in vitro την κινητοποίηση των hMSC και την διαφοροποίηση τους προς χονδροκύτταρα, ενισχύοντας το ρόλο του ΤGF-β1.

Analysis of Gene-Specific DNA Damage and Repair Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Methods ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvette Ayala-Torres ◽  
Yiminig Chen ◽  
Tamara Svoboda ◽  
Judah Rosenblatt ◽  
Bennett Van Houten
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals An in vitro model for assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by defining the correlation between virus isolation and quantitative PCR value: isolation success of SARS-CoV-2 from oropharyngeal swabs correlates negatively with Cq value

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissy Therese Sonnleitner ◽  
Julian Dorighi ◽  
Bianca Jansen ◽  
Carmen Schönegger ◽  
Sarah Gietl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Titration ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract Background At the beginning of the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), little was known about its actual rate of infectivity and any COVID-19 patient positive in laboratory testing was supposed to be highly infective and a public health risk factor. Methods One hundred oropharyngeal samples were obtained during routine work flow of testing symptomatic persons by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and were inoculated onto cell culture of VeroB4 cells to study the degree of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Quantification by virus titration and an external standard using synthetic RNA gave the breaking point of infectivity in SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Results A clear negative correlation (r = − 0.76; p < 0.05) could be asserted between the viral load in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the probability of a successful isolation in serial isolation experiments of specific oropharyngeal samples positive in qPCR. Quantification by virus titration and an external standard using synthetic RNA indicate a Cq between 27 and 30 in E-gene screening PCR as a breaking point in vitro, where infectivity decreases significantly and isolations become less probable. Conclusions This study showed that only the 21% of samples with the highest viral load were infectious enough to transmit the virus in vitro and determined that the dispersion rate in vitro is surprisingly close to those calculated in large retrospective epidemiological studies for SARS-CoV-2. This raises the question of whether this simple in vitro model is suitable to give first insights in dispersion characters of novel or neglected viral pathogens. The statement that SARS-CoV-2 needs at least 40,000 copies to reliably induce infection in vitro is an indication of its transmissibility in Public Health decisions. Applying quantitative PCR systems in diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 can distinguish between patients providing a high risk of transmission and those, where the risk of transmission is probably limited to close and long-lasting contacts.

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