scholarly journals Games between stakeholders and the payment for ecological services: evidence from the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4475
Author(s):  
Lin Shu
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Reservoir Area ◽  
River Reservoir ◽  
Main Factors

A gambling or “game” phenomenon can be observed in the complex relationship between sources and receptors of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders. This paper investigates the problem of gambling to determine payment amounts, and details a method to estimate the ecological compensation amount related to water resources in the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China. Public statistics and first-hand data obtained from a field investigation were used as data sources. Estimation of the source and receptor amount of ecological compensation relevant to the water resource being investigated was achieved using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The ecological compensation object and its benefit and gambling for the Wuxijiang River water source area are also analyzed in this paper. According to the results of a CVM survey, the ecological compensation standard for the Wuxijiang River was determined by the CVM, and the amount of compensation was estimated. Fifteen blocks downstream of the Wuxijiang River and 12 blocks in the water source area were used as samples to administer a survey that estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) and the willingness to accept (WTA) the ecological compensation of Wuxijiang River for both nonparametric and parametric estimation. Finally, the theoretical value of the ecological compensation amount was estimated. Without taking other factors into account, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source was 297.48 yuan per year, while the WTAs were 3864.48 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 2294.39–2993.81 yuan per year. Under the parameter estimation of other factors, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source area was 528.72 yuan per year, while the WTA was 1514.04 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 4076.25–5434.99 yuan per year. The main factors influencing the WTP ecological compensation in the Wuxi River basin are annual income and age. The main factors affecting WTA are gender and attention to the environment, age, marital status, local birth, and location in the main village.

scholarly journals Payment for environmental services gambling and residents compensation amount estimation from the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Shu
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Reservoir Area ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
River Reservoir

The gambling phenomenon is formed by the complex relationship between sources and receptors of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders. This paper investigates the problem of payment amount gambling, and details a method to estimate the amount of ecological compensation that should be given for impacted water resources in the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China. Public statistics and first-hand data obtained from the field investigation were used as data sources. Estimation of the source and receptor amount of ecological compensation relevant to the water resource being investigated was achieved using the contingent valuation method. The ecological compensation object and its benefit and gambling for the Wuxijiang River water source area are also analyzed in this paper. According to the results of a Contingent Value Method (CVM) survey, the ecological compensation standard of Wuxijiang River was determined by the contingent valuation method, and the amount of compensation was estimated. Fifteen blocks downstream of the Wuxijiang River and 12 blocks in the water source areawere used as samples to administer a survey that estimated the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept the ecological compensation of Wuxijiang River for both non-parametric and parametric estimation. Finally, the theoretical value of the ecological compensation amount was estimated.

scholarly journals Payment for environmental services gambling and residents compensation amount estimation from the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Shu
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Reservoir Area ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
River Reservoir

The gambling phenomenon is formed by the complex relationship between sources and receptors of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders. This paper investigates the problem of payment amount gambling, and details a method to estimate the amount of ecological compensation that should be given for impacted water resources in the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China. Public statistics and first-hand data obtained from the field investigation were used as data sources. Estimation of the source and receptor amount of ecological compensation relevant to the water resource being investigated was achieved using the contingent valuation method. The ecological compensation object and its benefit and gambling for the Wuxijiang River water source area are also analyzed in this paper. According to the results of a Contingent Value Method (CVM) survey, the ecological compensation standard of Wuxijiang River was determined by the contingent valuation method, and the amount of compensation was estimated. Fifteen blocks downstream of the Wuxijiang River and 12 blocks in the water source areawere used as samples to administer a survey that estimated the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept the ecological compensation of Wuxijiang River for both non-parametric and parametric estimation. Finally, the theoretical value of the ecological compensation amount was estimated.

Analysis on the Ecological Compensation in China's Water Source Protection Zones: A Case Study of the Middle Route Water Source Area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3005-3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
The South ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
North Water ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism

Having become the tool to resolve the watershed environmental protection and local development contradictions, ecological compensation has been drawing increasing attention. Conflicts in environmental protection and regional development of the middle route water source area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project urgently need to be resolved by the ecological compensation. However, the ecological compensation remains unsound yet. The author of this paper introduces the existing ecological compensation policy of the middle route water source area, analyzes main problems existing in ecological compensation policies in the middle route water source area, e.g. lack of legislative support for ecological compensation, insufficient researches on compensation standards, limited channel of funds and unsound evaluation mechanism and ultimately puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of ecological compensation policies of the water source area.

scholarly journals Changes in Ecosystem Services Value and Establishment of Watershed Ecological Compensation Standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Gao ◽  
Juqin Shen ◽  
Weijun He ◽  
Fuhua Sun ◽  
Zhaofang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Ecosystem Services Value

Ecological compensation standards and the allocation of compensation funds have always been the core issues of watershed ecological compensation. Due to the construction of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), Jiangsu Province has paid a huge cost for the protection of water resources, and local economic development has been greatly affected. Therefore, this paper takes Jiangsu Province, the water source area of the Eastern Route of the SNWTP as an example, and combines a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology, using the ecosystem services value method to calculate the ecosystem services value of Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2018. Then the change of this ecosystem services value in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2018 is taken as the basis for watershed ecological compensation standards of the Eastern Route. Through a compensation fund allocation model, watershed ecological compensation funds are allocated to four cities, Yangzhou, Huai’an, Suqian and Xuzhou, which are located along the Eastern Route of this SNWTP in Jiangsu Province. The results show that: (1) The ecosystem services value of Jiangsu Province has changed greatly. Urbanization and market environment of grain crops are the main reasons for this change; (2) the relationship between ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province is mainly synergistic; (3) Suqian receives US$24.73 million; Huai’an receives US$16.49 million; Yangzhou receives US$54.88 million and Xuzhou receives US$0.95 million in watershed ecological compensation, respectively. Watershed ecological compensation standards based upon the value of ecosystem services, and the allocation of compensation funds at the municipal level, are conducive to the improvement in efficiency of watershed ecological compensation in mainland China.

scholarly journals An Eco-Compensation Strategy in the Water Source Area: A Case for Southern Shaanxi in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Zelin Wang ◽  
Ruliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Compensation Strategy ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
The People ◽  
Southern Shaanxi

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) in China which is the world’s largest water transfer project completed in 2014 is promoted as a strategy to mitigate water stresses in the northern China by the Chinese government and engineers. However, the ecological compensation of SNWTP in China has been slow and less for the people living in the water source area which was lost their opportunities to earn money; some had even lost their farmland. A key issue for SNWTP is to establish an eco-compensation system, define the compensation scheme, and make an effective economic compensation to the people living in the water source area. In this paper, we take the water source area of the Middle-Route project of SNWTP located in Southern Shaanxi including three cities called Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo as the research regions. Six factors are taken into consideration: (1) ecological losses, (2) economic losses and (3) ecological bonus in our eco-compensation strategy, as well as join two dynamic factors accounting in the calculation of ecological damage, (4) water quantity and (5) water quality. Besides, the total amount of compensation is changing over time. (6) Time scale factor is also used to simulate. In the article, we set three-time periods to calculate the different amount of compensation for the water source area. Finally, the Southern Shaanxi, supplied 70% water to Danjiangkou Reservoir, were analyzed by this model. We make full use of the reasonable eco-compensation strategy and try to solve actual problems of water source area and even provide a basis conception for the watershed protection and management.

The Individual WTA Changing Analysis for Eco-Compensation Construction in Water Source Conservation Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1437-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yu ◽  
Lin Yu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Miyun Reservoir ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Non Market Valuation

Ecological compensation uses economic incentive to address water conservation issues. Stakeholders preference should be considered seriously during the eco-compensation policy making. To that end, the contingent valuation method (CVM) has been widely preferred for its non-market valuation in the process of eco-compensation standard confirmation. In this paper, the research was focused on the changing of individual willingness to accept eco-compensation over years using CVM. With the case study of Miyun Reservoir, China, the changes of residents WTA and key socioeconomic variables were gauged respectively according to two-period investigation in 2008 and 2012. The results showed that the average value of Miyun Reservoir residents WTA was decreasing, and the job and attitude to environment of respondents became the significant predictors of WTA to water conservation during the past 5 years.

scholarly journals Incentive Measures for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control of Farmers Based on Choice Modelling: A Case Study on the Water Source Region of Xin’an River Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jie Lin ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Saihua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Choice Modelling ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
River Reservoir ◽  
The Government ◽  
Willingness To Accept Compensation

In water governance, the government, downstream residents, and upstream farmers are closely associated stakeholders. The participation willingness of upstream farmers directly bears on the success of environmental policies. Xin’an River Reservoir Water Protection Zone is the second water source region of Hangzhou, China. Taking this region, for example, this paper surveys the willingness to accept compensation of local rice farmers, mainly using Choice Modelling (CM) methodology. This paper assesses the farmers’ willingness of minimum compensation amount to adopt various ecological compensation means and, on this basis, discusses the key factors determining their willingness to accept compensation. It helps to confirm that the farmer participation mainly depends on whether the government could provide satisfactory compensation incentives to cover farmers’ losses. Hence, at the ending of the paper, we call for the relevant departments of the government fully understanding the farmers’ willingness to accept compensation before formulating compensation policies, so that the compensation at least reaches the minimum requirements of farmers. Only in this way could the water source region achieve the optimal efficiency in environmental governance.

scholarly journals Safety Guarantee System of Drinking Water Source in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Application in Huangjuedu Drinking Water Source Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7074
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Tang ◽  
Aifeng Zhai ◽  
Xiaowen Ding ◽  
Qiande Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir Area ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Reservoir Area

With China’s rapid economic growth and increasing speed of urbanization, water pollution accidents have become one kind of environmental pollution source in China and bring potential risk to urban drinking water safety. The Huangjuedu Drinking Water Source Area is an important water source in Chongqing City (Southwest China) and a water intake source for the Jiangnan Waterworks of the Chongqing Drinking Water Company. There are still risks of water pollution accidents caused by ship leakage, road traffic accidents, chemical plant leakage, etc. The safety of the drinking water area is related to regional residents’ health and life safety and also has a profound impact on economy development and social stability. To reduce the harmful impacts of water pollution, it is of great scientific value and practical significance to analyze the pollutant diffusion of water pollution accidents with the Three Gorges Reservoir Area drinking water source security platform. In this paper, a two-dimensional water quality monitoring model was applied, and the digital elevation model was incorporated into the geographic information system, which generated a computational grid. Then, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area drinking water source security platform was developed. The platform can predict the water flow velocity, pollutant concentration at the drinking water inlet, and the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants in the whole water source area. Furthermore, a hypothetical ammonia nitrogen leak accident was analyzed using this safety platform. The ammonia nitrogen concentration at the intake of the drinking water source area was detected and analyzed by the security platform from the time of the accident until the concentration dropped to the background during four water periods under different wind direction conditions. The pollutants took 19, 22, 25, and 40 min to reach the water quality standard during the four water periods. Moreover, the diffusion of ammonia nitrogen in the southeast wind was faster than that in the southwest wind. The results showed that the platform is scientific and practical, and the prediction results are helpful for the Emergency Management Department to quickly and accurately predict the migration of ammonia nitrogen pollution and make corresponding plans under accident conditions.

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