scholarly journals Occurrence of virulent multidrug-resistantEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumin the pigs, farmers and farm environments in Malaysia

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiang Chiet Tan ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Cindy Shuan Ju Teh ◽  
Peck Toung Ooi ◽  
Kwai Lin Thong
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Polymerase Chain

BackgroundEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumare ubiquitous opportunistic pathogens found in the guts of humans and farmed animals. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, biofilm-forming ability and genotypes ofE. faecalisandE. faeciumfrom swine farms. Correlations between the genotypes, virulotypes, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors such as locality of farms and farm hygiene practice were explored.MethodsE. faecalisandE. faeciumstrains were isolated from the oral, rectal and fecal samples of 140 pigs; nasal, urine and fecal samples of 34 farmers working in the farms and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms located in Peninsular Malaysia. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method, and the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed to determine the clonality of the strains. Crosstab/Chi-square test and DistLM statistical analyses methods were used to determine the correlations between the genotypes, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors.ResultsA total of 211E. faecalisand 42E. faeciumwere recovered from 140 pigs, 34 farmers and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms in Peninsular Malaysia. Ninety-eight percent of the strains were multidrug-resistant (resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin). Fifty-two percent of the strains formed biofilms. Virulence genesefa, asaI, gelE,esp,cylandacegenes were detected. Virulence genesefaandasaI were most prevalent inE. faecalis(90%) andE. faecium(43%), respectively. Cluster analyses based on REP-PCR and PFGE showed the strains were genetically diverse. Overall, the strains isolated from pigs and farmers were distinct, except for three highly similar strains found in pigs and farmers. The strains were regional- and host-specific.DiscussionThis study revealed alarming high frequencies of multidrug-resistant enterococci in pigs and swine farmers. The presence of resistance and virulence genes and the ability to form biofilm further enhance the persistence and pathogenicity of the strains. Although the overall clonality of the strains were regionals and host-specific, strains with high similarity were found in different hosts. This study reiterates a need of a more stringent regulation to ensure the proper use of antibiotics in swine husbandry to reduce the wide spread of multidrug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Diverse Escherichia coli pathovars of phylogroups B2 and D isolated from animals in Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Kilani ◽  
Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽  
Sana Ferjani ◽  
Rakia Ben Salem ◽  
Riadh Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction: The virulent Escherichia coli strains responsible for extraintestinal infections were mainly belonged to B2 and D phylogroups. However, no past studies have determinate via the presence of virulence genes the frequency of E. coli pathovars recovered from animals housed in farms in Tunisia. The aims of this study were to investigate 26 E. coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic animals and to determinate via the presence of virulence genes the frequency of pathovars. Methodology: Twenty-six E. coli isolates of phylogroups B2 (n = 14), B22 (n = 9), B23 (n = 5), and D2 (n = 12) were characterized. Genes encoding virulence factors (fimH,eaeA,aggC,papC, papG allele III, hlyA, east1, cnf1, exhA,stx1, stx2, iutA, fyuA, ibeA,and ipaH), and antibiotic resistance as well as class 1 and 2 integrons were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic relationship of isolates was done by PFGE. Results: According to the occurrence of specific genes the 26 isolates were classified as:9 EAEC, 2 EHEC, 4 UPEC, 3 EPEC/EHEC and 1 NTEC. Therefore, 2 Ex-PEC and 5 APEC were presented amongst our strains. Some isolates (12) were clonal and the remaining was unrelated. Conclusions: Higher diversity of pathovars which carried diverse combinations of virulence genes in healthy isolates. In addition, it seems that the infections were caused by different mechanisms.

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

Molecular Analysis of Uropathogenic E.coli Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Valadbeigi ◽  
Elham Esmaeeli ◽  
Sobhan Ghafourian ◽  
Abbas Maleki ◽  
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates in Ilam. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 80 UPEC isolates were collected for patients with UTIs during a 6 months period. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) was used to detect the papEF, fimH, iucD, hlyA, fyuA, and ompT genes. Results: The prevalence of fimH, papEF, iucD, fyuA, hlyA, hlyA, and ompT genes were 87.5%, 47.5%, 60%, 67.5%, 27.5%, 47.5% and 71.2%, respectively. Among all of the isolates, 27 profiles were obtained. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the most prevalence was found for fimH, and different distribution of virulence genes suggested different ability of pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Carbapenemase Production and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Western Chongqing, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Huang ◽  
Jisheng Zhang ◽  
Lingyi Zeng ◽  
Chengru Yang ◽  
Lining Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates in a hospital in western Chongqing, southwestern China.MethodsA total of 127 unique CRKP isolates were collected from the Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, identified using a VITEK-2 compact system, and subjected to microbroth dilution to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration. Enterobacteriaceae intergenic repeat consensus polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing were used to analyze the homology among the isolates. Genetic information, including resistance and virulence genes, was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. The genomic features of the CRKP carrying gene blaKPC-2 were detected using whole-genome sequencing.ResultsST11 was the dominant sequence type in the homology comparison. The resistance rate to ceftazidime-avibactam in children was much higher than that in adults as was the detection rate of the resistance gene blaNDM (p < 0.0001). Virulence genes such as mrkD (97.6%), uge (96.9%), kpn (96.9%), and fim-H (84.3%) had high detection rates. IncF (57.5%) was the major replicon plasmid detected, and sequencing showed that the CRKP063 genome contained two plasmids. The plasmid carrying blaKPC-2, which mediates carbapenem resistance, was located on the 359,625 base pair plasmid IncFII, together with virulence factors, plasmid replication protein (rep B), stabilizing protein (par A), and type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins that mediate plasmid conjugation transfer.ConclusionOur study aids in understanding the prevalence of CRKP in this hospital and the significant differences between children and adults, thus providing new ideas for clinical empirical use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Diversity ofLeptospiraspp. in Rats and Environment from Urban Areas of Sarawak, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Fung Pui ◽  
Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽  
Kasing Apun ◽  
Lela Su’ut
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Soil And Water

Various prevalence studies onLeptospirain animals and humans, as well as environmental samples, had been conducted worldwide, including Malaysia. However, limited studies have been documented on the presence of pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophyticLeptospirain selected animals and environments. This study was therefore conducted to detectLeptospiraspp. in rats, soil, and water from urban areas of Sarawak using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 107 rats, 292 soil samples, and 324 water samples were collected from April 2014 to February 2015. PathogenicLeptospirawas present in 5.6% (6/107) of rats, 11.6% (34/292) of soil samples, and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. IntermediateLeptospirawas present in 2.7% (8/292) of soil samples and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. SaprophyticLeptospirawas present in 10.3% (11/107) of rats, 1.4% (4/292) of soil samples, and 0.3% (1/324) of water samples. From this study, 76Leptospiraspp. were isolated. Based on DNA sequencing, the dominantLeptospiraspp. circulating in urban areas of Sarawak are pathogenicLeptospira noguchii, intermediateLeptospira wolffiiserovar Khorat, and saprophyticLeptospira meyeri, respectively. Overall, this study provided important surveillance data on the prevalence ofLeptospiraspp. from rats and the environment, with dominant local serovars in urban areas of Sarawak.

Evaluation of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Direct Detection of Escherichia coli Strains in Environmental Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safa A. Sherfi . ◽  
Hamid A. Dirar . ◽  
Badr E. Hago . ◽  
Mohamed E. Ahmed . ◽  
Hassan A. Musa . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain
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