scholarly journals Manifestations of muscle fatigue in baseball pitchers: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Birfer ◽  
Michael WL Sonne ◽  
Michael WR Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
The Relationship

Background Fatigue in baseball pitchers is a process linked to lowered physical and mental performance, injury, and changes in kinematics. Numerous studies have associated fatigue with overuse, high ball velocities, lack of rest time, poor mechanics, and degree of self-satisfaction. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify a theoretical framework for the relationship between outcomes and the manifestation of fatigue on baseball pitching. The synthesized data may identify areas requiring further research. Methodology This protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018114194). SPORTDiscus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar were searched, using keywords such as fatigue in pitchers and changes in kinematics (e.g., pitching mechanics, valgus elbow torque), performance (e.g., pitch count, pitch type), and injury (e.g., pain, elbow, and shoulder soreness). Three reviewers independently screened the articles, selected relevant literature based on abstract eligibility, and assessed the methods described therein for final inclusion. Results A total of 31,860 articles were screened for eligibility and 25 articles were included for the review. The selected articles included epidemiological, longitudinal, experimental, conference papers, and crossover laboratory studies. Evidence extracted from the 25 studies demonstrates a relationship between fatigue in baseball pitching, and three overarching outcomes: changes in kinematics, a decrease in performance, and an increase in injury risk. Conclusions Findings show that a co-dependence between changes in kinematics and a decrease in performance, which stems from central and peripheral fatigue, is a contributing factor of injury in baseball pitchers. A large percentage of baseball pitchers exhibit pain or soreness in either their elbow or shoulder, or both at some point in a season. Initially, kinematic changes occur that could maintain performance, but may increase joint and tissue loading. Performance decreased with elevated pitch counts and innings thrown, and pitching further into games or the season. Evidence was found to be consistent across all studies; however, more work is needed in the area of fatigue as an injury mechanism during pitching. With a proof of concept established, the prevention of negative outcomes associated with fatigue must be the focus of future research and performance should not be the only criteria.

The Contingent Effect of Team Composition on the Performance of Entrepreneurial Teams

2019 ◽  
pp. 654-680
Author(s):  
Serghei Musaji ◽  
Julio De Castro
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Active Debate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the continuous interest in studying entrepreneurial teams, the relationship between team composition and, particularly, team diversity and performance remains fertile ground for active debate. Taking roots in the knowledge-based view and organizational learning literatures, this chapter argues that performance in entrepreneurial teams is contingent on (a) the overlap between team members’ knowledge/competences and the content of the performed tasks, (b) the duplication of the team members’ knowledge in the areas with that content, (c) the nature of tasks (exploration or exploitation), (d) the team’s flexibility to adapt to changes in the content and nature of those tasks, and (e) the rate of environmental change. Because an important source of ambiguity in the understanding of how team diversity and performance are linked ties to issues of how team diversity is conceptualized and operationalized, the chapter also proposes a new way of looking at diversity in future research.

scholarly journals Investigating Variation Orders Causes in Iraqi Building Construction Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Hassan Kamal Alhilli ◽  
Sedki I. Rezoqi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Map ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Changes are a common phenomenon in the construction industry, impacting the project's cost, time, and performance. The purpose of this work is to a comprehensive review relating to variation order causes. Also, the aim here is to determine variation order causes in the building’s construction. More importantly, explore the relationship between these causes. However, the importance of specifying the causes for change orders is the first step in managing variation orders to reduce the harmful effect on a project. The field survey was conducted for several institutions such as health (Karkh’s health), higher education (University of Baghdad and University of Kufa). As a result, a field visit was made to the project sites. They were then, Conducting interviews with the resident engineer, the consultant, and the contractor. A developer tool called cause (variation orders) breakdown structure (CBS) included 12 causes at the first level, including 103 sub-causes. There is a relationship between the variation orders causes, which is evident in the third level. The study recommends adopting (CBS) a comprehensive reference for variation order causes in projects due to facilitating their management processes. Future research could examine the relative importance of variation order causes, in addition to using a fuzzy cognitive map to find the extent of each cause’s influence on the other.

scholarly journals The effect of subordinate motivation on performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-574
Author(s):  
Euijin Kang ◽  
EunKyoung Chung ◽  
YoungWoo Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attribution Style ◽  
Personal Need For Structure ◽  
Emotional Display ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine whether subordinate attribution style on leader emotional (positive and negative) display moderates the relationship between subordinate achievement motivation/personal need for structure(PNS) and performance. 75 employees in the sales department of a pharmaceutical company participated in the survey. Results showed that subordinates using person-attribution style on leader negative emotional display performed better than those using performance-attribution style, though they had the same high level of explicit achievement motivation and PNS. That is, the moderating role of subordinate attributional style on leader negative emotional display was verified. On the contrary, subordinate attributional style on leader positive emotional display did not moderate the relationship between subordinate explicit achievement motivation/PNS and performance. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.

A Conceptual Model for Greening a Supply Chain through Greening of Suppliers and Green Innovation

2012 ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
H. K. Chan ◽  
T.-Y. Chiou ◽  
F. Lettice
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
And Performance

Nowadays, more organisations are focusing on how to improve their environmental performance, partly driven by recent regulations in this area. This means that green supply chain management plays an important role over traditional supply chain management. Companies could gain competitive advantage through the proper management of their supply chain activities, for example, purchasing management. In fact, organisations can now generate more business opportunities than their competitors by addressing environmental management successfully. More specifically, it has been identified that implementation of green innovation can become a company’s order winner. However, not many studies have investigated the relationships between the greening of suppliers, green innovation, environmental performance and competitive advantage. The objective of this article is to propose a conceptual model, developed from a review of relevant literature and performance indicators, and to identify how future research can address these issues.

scholarly journals A systematic review on business analytics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Jiarui Yin ◽  
Vicenc Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industry Sectors

Purpose: Business analytics, a buzzword of the recent decade, has been applied by thousands of enterprises to help generate more values and enhance their business performance. However, many aspects of business analytics remain unclear. This study clarifies the definition of business analytics combined with its functionality and the relation between business analytics and business intelligence. Moreover, we illustrate the applications of business analytics in both business areas and industry sectors and shed light on the education in business analytics. Ultimately, to facilitate future research, we summarize several research techniques used in the literature reviewed.Design/methodology/approach: We set well-established selection criteria to select relevant literature from two widely recognized databases: Scopus and Web of Science. Afterward, we reviewed the literature and coded relevant sections in an inductive way using MAXQDA. Then we compared and synthesized the coded information.Findings: There are mainly four findings. Firstly, according to the bibliometric analysis, literature about business analytics is growing exponentially. Secondly, business analytics is a system that enabled by machine learning techniques aiming at promoting the efficiency and performance of an organization by supporting the decision-making process. Thirdly, the application of business analytics is comprehensive, not only in specific areas of a company but also in different industry sectors. Finally, business analytics is interdisciplinary, and the successful training should involve technical, analytical, and business skills.Originality/value: This systematic review, as a synthesis of the current research on business analytics, can serve as a quick guide for new researchers and practitioners in the field, while experienced scholars can also benefit from this work, taking it as a practical reference.

The impact of service innovation on firm performance: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changli Feng ◽  
Ruize Ma ◽  
Lin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeWith the rise of service economy, many companies are attempting to gain a competitive advantage through service innovation. However, the existing research has not drawn consistent conclusions about the relationship between service innovation and firm performance. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative review on the service innovation-performance relationship based on research findings reported in the extant literature.Design/methodology/approachStudies from 46 peer-reviewed articles were sampled and analyzed. A meta-analytic approach was adopted to conduct a quantitative review on the relationship between service innovation and firm performance, and the effects of any potential moderators were further explored.FindingsThe results found that service innovation has a significant positive impact on firm performance. Additionally, the relationship between service innovation and firm performance is influenced by measurement moderators (economic region and performance measurement), and contextual moderators (firm type, innovation type, customer factors and attitudes toward risk).Originality/valueThe meta-analysis has been used to explore the relationship between service innovation and firm performance, and the findings have contributed to the literature on service innovation, as well as providing future research directions.

Is More Feedback Seeking Always Better? Leader-Member Exchange Moderates the Relationship Between Feedback-Seeking Behavior and Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2195-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wai Lam ◽  
Kelly Z. Peng ◽  
Chi-Sum Wong ◽  
Dora C. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Performance Standards ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Multilevel Research ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Feedback is information made available to employees in their work environment, whereas feedback-seeking behaviors (FSBs) help employees to evaluate proactively whether their work has met performance standards and their behavior is considered appropriate. Prior studies have provided a perspective on how the feedback-seeking contexts affect the emergence and development of FSBs. In this study, we extend that perspective by investigating when FSBs affect job performance so that we can understand whether more feedback seeking is always better. Adopting the relational view of leadership, we hypothesize that the FSB-performance relationship should be stronger for employees with low leader-member exchange (LMX) and in groups with low aggregate LMX and low LMX differentiation. Using a multilevel research design and a sample of 379 teachers in 25 groups, we find support for most of our hypotheses. We discuss the implications of the study for the FSB and the proactive behavior literature and suggest avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Business Intelligence Capability, Complementary Resources and Performance among Public Listed Firms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Edward Buhasho ◽  
Agnes Wausi ◽  
James Njihia
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Complementary Resources ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Whereas Business Intelligence initiative has been a primary focus many organisations globally for several years and accounting for billions of dollars in capital expenditure, empirical research remains sparse on the actual impact derived from this investment. Even when the benefits are established, its indirect and delayed impact on business results make it difficult to assess its value. Available literature on how insights triggered by Business Intelligence are transformed into profitable business learning is vague and fragmented. Hence, the main objective of this study was to establish the influence of complementary resources on the relationship between Business Intelligence capability and firm performance. The study used interdisciplinary theories to achieve the research objective, namely, Information systems capability theory and organisational learning. The study was performed using a mixed methods research methodology and cross-sectional approach. Data was collected from 64 public listed companies in Kenya. Findings indicated that complementary resources have a positive and significant impact on the relationship between Business Intelligence capability and performance. The study contributed to theory by building a framework for business intelligence assessment, including factors that significantly lead to improved performance. The results also provide new insights into the existing literature and suggest directions for future research with implications for academia, policymakers and management.

scholarly journals Analisis gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja karyawan yang dimediasi komitmen kerja

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Rahmad Hidayat ◽  
Endi Sarwoko ◽  
Andi Nu Graha
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Commitment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance and to analyze the mediating role of work commitment. This research is a type of quantitative research, using a questionnaire arranged with a 5 point Likert scale. The research variables consisted of transformational leadership as an exogenous variable, employee performance as an endogenous variable, and work commitment while the mediating variable. The research sample was 80 employees of PT. Kalbe Farma, Tbk. The data analysis technique uses path analysis. The results showed that transformational leadership has a direct effect on employee performance. Other findings indicate that work commitment acts as a partial mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Future research can develop research by including the role of organizational culture as a factor influencing commitment and performance.

scholarly journals Organizational Behaviour and its Effect on Corporate Effectiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
John Nkeobuna Nnah Ugoani
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
The People ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Organizational behaviour involves the design of work as well as the psychological, emotional and interpersonal behavioural dynamics that influence organizational performance. Management as a discipline concerned with the study of overseeing activities and supervising people to perform specific tasks is crucial in organizational behaviour and corporate effectiveness. Management emphasizes the design, implementation and arrangement of various administrative and organizational systems for corporate effectiveness. While the individuals, and groups bring their skills, knowledge, values, motives, and attitudes into the organization, and thereby influencing it, the organization, on the other hand, modifies or restructures the individuals and groups through its structure, culture, policies, politics, power, and procedures, and the roles expected to be played by the people in the organization. This study conducted through the exploratory research design involved 125 participants, and result showed strong positive relationship between the variables of interest. The study was never exhaustive due to limitations in terms of time and current relevant literature, therefore, further study could examine the relationship between personality characteristics and performance in the public sector, where productivity is not outstanding, when compared with the private sector. Based on the result of this investigation it was recommended that organizations should provide emotional intelligence programmes for their membership as an important pattern of increasing co-operative behaviours and corporate effectiveness.

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