scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationships of enterococci from siblings and non-siblings Heliconius erato phyllis caterpillars

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Huff ◽  
Rebeca Inhoque Pereira ◽  
Caroline Pissetti ◽  
Aldo Mellender de Araújo ◽  
Pedro Alves d’Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus

Background Studies evaluating bacteria in insects can provide information about host–microorganism–environment interactions. The gut microbial community has a profound effect on different physiological functions of insects. Enterococcus spp. are part of the gut community in humans and other animals, as well as in insects. The presence and antimicrobial resistance profile of enterococci are well studied in different animals; however, data for Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) do not yet exist. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the distribution of enterococcal species, their antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence genes, and the genetic relationships between enterococci isolated from fecal samples from sibling and non-sibling H. erato phyllis caterpillars collected from different sites in South Brazil. Methods Three H. erato phyllis females were captured (two from a forest fragment and one from an urban area), and kept individually in open-air insectaries. Eggs were collected and caterpillars (siblings and non-siblings) were fed daily with Passiflora suberosa leaves. Fecal samples (n = 12) were collected from fifth-instar caterpillars, inoculated in selective medium, and 15 bacterial colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by PCR and MALDI-TOF, analyzed by disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and screened for resistance and virulence genes by PCR. The genetic relationships between the strains were determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results A total of 178 enterococci strains were identified: E. casseliflavus (74.15%; n = 132), E. mundtii (21.34%; n = 38), E. faecalis (1.12%; n = 2) and Enterococcus sp. (3.37%; n = 6). High rates of resistance to rifampicin (56%) and erythromycin (31%) were observed; 120 (67.41%) of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic and six (3.37%) were multidrug-resistant.None of the erythromycin-resistant strains was positive for the erm(B) and msrC genes. The virulence genes esp, ace, and gelE were observed in 35%, 7%, and 1% of the strains, respectively. PFGE separated the enterococci into 22 patterns, four being composed of strains from sibling caterpillars. Conclusion Enterococcus casseliflavus was the dominant species in fecal samples of fifth-instar caterpillars. Resistant enterococci strains may be related to environmental pollution or the resistome. The PFGE analysis showed genetic relationships between some strains, suggesting that the enterococci isolated from fecal samples of the sibling caterpillars might have come from common sources, e.g., via diet (herbivory) and/or vertical transmission (through the egg surface). Further studies will be conducted to better understand the role of Enterococcus in the microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract of these insects, and the mechanisms involved in acquisition and maintenance of enterococci.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationship among enterococci from siblings and non-siblings Heliconius erato phyllis caterpillars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Huff ◽  
Rebeca Inhoque Pereira ◽  
Caroline Pissetti ◽  
Aldo Mellender de Araújo ◽  
Pedro Alves d’Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Background: Studies evaluating bacterial in insects could provide information about host-microorganism-environment interactions. The gut community is recognized to have a profound effect on various physiological functions of the insects. Enterococcus is part of the gut community in humans andanimals, as well as in the guts of insects. The presence and antimicrobialresistance profileof enterococci are well studied in different animals; however, data in Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae), do not yet exist. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate species distribution, antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence genes and genetic relationship amongenterococci isolated from fecal samples of siblings and non-siblings H. erato phyllis caterpillars collected from different places in South Brazil. Methods: Three H. erato phyllis females were captured (two from a forest fragment and one from an urban area), and kept individually in open-air insectaries. Eggs were collected and caterpillars (siblings and non-siblings) were fed daily with Passiflora suberosa leaves. Fecal samples (n=12) were collected from fifth instar caterpillars, inoculated in selective medium and fifteen colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by PCR and MALDI-TOF, submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests by disk diffusion method, and screened for resistance and virulence genes by PCR. The genetic relationships among the strains were determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: A total of 178 enterococci were identified as: Enterococcus casseliflavus (74.15%; n=132),E. mundtii (21.34%; n=38), E. faecalis (1.12%; n=2) and Enterococcus sp. (3.37%; n=6). High rates of resistance to rifampicin (56%) and erythromycin (31%) were observed. One hundred and twenty (67.41%) out of the 178 isolates showed resistance to at least one compound and 6 (3.37%) were multidrug-resistant.None of the erythromycin-resistant strains was positive to erm(B) and msrC genes. The virulence genes esp, ace and gelE were observed in 35%, 7% and 1% of the strains, respectively. PFGE separated the enterococci into 22 patterns, being four patterns composed by strains from sibling caterpillars. Conclusion: Enterococcus casseliflavus was the dominant species in fecal samples of fifth instar caterpillars. Resistant enterococci strains could be related to environmental pollution or linked to environmental resistome. The PFGE analysis showed related genetic relationship among some strains, suggesting that the enterococci isolated from fecal samples of fifth instar sibling caterpillars might have come from common sources, by diet (herbivory) and/or via vertical transmission (through egg surface). Further studies will be conducted to better understand the role of Enterococcus on the microbial gastrointestinal tract community of these insects, and the mechanisms involved in acquisition and maintenance of these bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationship among enterococci from siblings and non-siblings Heliconius erato phyllis caterpillars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Huff ◽  
Rebeca Inhoque Pereira ◽  
Caroline Pissetti ◽  
Aldo Mellender de Araújo ◽  
Pedro Alves d’Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Background: Studies evaluating bacterial in insects could provide information about host-microorganism-environment interactions. The gut community is recognized to have a profound effect on various physiological functions of the insects. Enterococcus is part of the gut community in humans andanimals, as well as in the guts of insects. The presence and antimicrobialresistance profileof enterococci are well studied in different animals; however, data in Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae), do not yet exist. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate species distribution, antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence genes and genetic relationship amongenterococci isolated from fecal samples of siblings and non-siblings H. erato phyllis caterpillars collected from different places in South Brazil. Methods: Three H. erato phyllis females were captured (two from a forest fragment and one from an urban area), and kept individually in open-air insectaries. Eggs were collected and caterpillars (siblings and non-siblings) were fed daily with Passiflora suberosa leaves. Fecal samples (n=12) were collected from fifth instar caterpillars, inoculated in selective medium and fifteen colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by PCR and MALDI-TOF, submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests by disk diffusion method, and screened for resistance and virulence genes by PCR. The genetic relationships among the strains were determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: A total of 178 enterococci were identified as: Enterococcus casseliflavus (74.15%; n=132),E. mundtii (21.34%; n=38), E. faecalis (1.12%; n=2) and Enterococcus sp. (3.37%; n=6). High rates of resistance to rifampicin (56%) and erythromycin (31%) were observed. One hundred and twenty (67.41%) out of the 178 isolates showed resistance to at least one compound and 6 (3.37%) were multidrug-resistant.None of the erythromycin-resistant strains was positive to erm(B) and msrC genes. The virulence genes esp, ace and gelE were observed in 35%, 7% and 1% of the strains, respectively. PFGE separated the enterococci into 22 patterns, being four patterns composed by strains from sibling caterpillars. Conclusion: Enterococcus casseliflavus was the dominant species in fecal samples of fifth instar caterpillars. Resistant enterococci strains could be related to environmental pollution or linked to environmental resistome. The PFGE analysis showed related genetic relationship among some strains, suggesting that the enterococci isolated from fecal samples of fifth instar sibling caterpillars might have come from common sources, by diet (herbivory) and/or via vertical transmission (through egg surface). Further studies will be conducted to better understand the role of Enterococcus on the microbial gastrointestinal tract community of these insects, and the mechanisms involved in acquisition and maintenance of these bacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Trueperella pyogenes associated with slaughterhouse condemnations of pigs in Spain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Galán-Relaño ◽  
Belén Barrero-Domínguez ◽  
Almudena Casamayor ◽  
Fernando Cardoso-Toset ◽  
Ana Lucía Solarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Trueperella Pyogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile

scholarly journals Genomic evolution of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon ◽  
Markus Hans Kristofer Johansson ◽  
Patrick Munk ◽  
Burkhard Malorny ◽  
Magdalena Skarżyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genetic Elements

AbstractThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest health threats globally. In addition, the use of antimicrobial drugs in humans and livestock is considered an important driver of antimicrobial resistance. The commensal microbiota, and especially the intestinal microbiota, has been shown to have an important role in the emergence of AMR. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) also play a central role in facilitating the acquisition and spread of AMR genes. We isolated Escherichia coli (n = 627) from fecal samples in respectively 25 poultry, 28 swine, and 15 veal calf herds from 6 European countries to investigate the phylogeny of E. coli at country, animal host and farm levels. Furthermore, we examine the evolution of AMR in E. coli genomes including an association with virulence genes, plasmids and MGEs. We compared the abundance metrics retrieved from metagenomic sequencing and whole genome sequenced of E. coli isolates from the same fecal samples and farms. The E. coli isolates in this study indicated no clonality or clustering based on country of origin and genetic markers; AMR, and MGEs. Nonetheless, mobile genetic elements play a role in the acquisition of AMR and virulence genes. Additionally, an abundance of AMR was agreeable between metagenomic and whole genome sequencing analysis for several AMR classes in poultry fecal samples suggesting that metagenomics could be used as an indicator for surveillance of AMR in E. coli isolates and vice versa.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Arcobacter spp. Recovered from Aquatic Environments

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Sonia Sciortino ◽  
Pietro Arculeo ◽  
Vincenzina Alio ◽  
Cinzia Cardamone ◽  
Luisa Nicastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Drug Resistance Profile ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
Seawater Samples

Arcobacter spp. are emerging waterborne and foodborne zoonotic pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. In this work, we evaluated the occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Arcobacter isolates recovered from different aquatic sources. Besides, we searched for Arcobacter spp. in seaweeds and the corresponding seawater samples. Bacteriological and molecular methods applied to 100 samples led to the isolation of 28 Arcobacter isolates from 27 samples. The highest prevalence was detected in rivers followed by artificial ponds, streams, well waters, and spring waters. Seaweeds contained a higher percentage of Arcobacter than the corresponding seawater samples. The isolates were identified as Arcobacter butzleri (96.4%) and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (3.6%). All the isolates showed a multi-drug resistance profile, being resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics. Molecular analysis of genetic determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance in nine randomly chosen isolates revealed the presence of tetO and/or tetW. This work confirms the occurrence and the continuous emergence of antibiotic-resistant Arcobacter strains in environmental samples; also, the presence of quinolone-resistant Arcobacter spp. in aquatic sources used for water supply and irrigation represents a potential risk for human health.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns in shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R.A. Ferreira ◽  
Talícia dos S. Silva ◽  
Ariel E. Stella ◽  
Fabricio R. Conceição ◽  
Edésio F. dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Abstract: In order to detect virulence factors in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates and investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile, rectal swabs were collected from healthy sheep of the races Santa Inês and Dorper. Of the 115 E. coli isolates obtained, 78.3% (90/115) were characterized as STEC, of which 52.2% (47/90) carried stx1 gene, 33.3% (30/90) stx2 and 14.5% (13/90) both genes. In search of virulence factors, 47.7% and 32.2% of the isolates carried the genes saa and cnf1. According to the analysis of the antimicrobial resistance profile, 83.3% (75/90) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. In phylogenetic classification grouped 24.4% (22/90) in group D (pathogenic), 32.2% (29/90) in group B1 (commensal) and 43.3% (39/90) in group A (commensal). The presence of several virulence factors as well as the high number of multiresistant isolates found in this study support the statement that sheep are potential carriers of pathogens threatening public health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolates from Different Clinical Samples in Abeokuta, Ogun State

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
S. L. Owolabi ◽  
I. A. Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile

The alarming increase of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli has posed a great challenge in the public health sector. Thus, this microorganism is a leading cause of different human infections and it can be found in various environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the multiple antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from some hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Isolates of E. coli were obtained from different clinical samples and were re-identified morphologically and biochemically. E. coli was isolated from 30% out of a total of 70 clinical samples analyzed for isolation and identification. The isolation rate of E. coli was highest in urine samples 10(47.6%) when compared to other clinical samples. There was significant increase in the resistance rate of E. coli to tetracycline (14.3%), ceftazidime (14.2%), and ampicillin (14.2%).Also, an increased sensitivity rate to augmentin (71.4%), ofloxacin (66.7%), cefuroxime (66.7%), ciprofloxacin (61.9%) and ceftazidime (61.9%) were observed. Furthermore, the overall multiple drug resistance rates obtained was 14(66.7%) and it was established that, multiple antimicrobial resistance of the E. coli isolates was plasmid mediated. E. coli isolates exhibited high resistance rate to multiple antimicrobial agents, however, its sensitivity to augmentin, ofloxacin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime showed that these antimicrobials are still effective against E. coli infections in the study area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document