scholarly journals Light dependent courtship behavior in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9499
Author(s):  
Michael P. Shahandeh ◽  
Cameryn Brock ◽  
Thomas L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Behavioral Variation ◽  
Wide Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Courtship Signals ◽  
Behavioral Assays

Differences in courtship signals and perception are well-known among Drosophila species. One such described difference is the dependency on light, and thus presumably vision, for copulation success. Many studies have described a difference in light-dependent copulation success between D. melanogaster and D. simulans, identifying D. simulans as a light-dependent species, and D. melanogaster as a light-independent one. However, many of these studies use assays of varying design and few strains to represent the entire species. Here, we attempt to better characterize this purported difference using 11 strains of each species, paired by collection location, in behavioral assays conducted at two different exposure times. We show that, while there is a species-wide difference in magnitude of light-dependent copulation success, D. melanogaster copulation success is, on average, still impaired in the dark at both exposure times we measured. Additionally, there is significant variation in strain-specific ability to copulate in the dark in both species across two different exposure times. We find that this variation correlates strongly with longitude in D. melanogaster, but not in D. simulans. We hypothesize that differences in species history and demography may explain behavioral variation. Finally, we use courtship assays to show that light-dependent copulation success in one D. simulans strain is driven in part by both males and females. We discuss potential differences in courtship signals and/or signal importance between these species and potential for further comparative studies for functional characterization.

Biosystematics of the Cotesia flavipes complex (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): interspecific hybridization, sex pheromone and mating behaviour studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Kimani ◽  
William A. Overholt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Courtship Signals

AbstractMating behaviour, sex pheromone attraction and reciprocal breeding of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), C. sesamiae (Cameron) and C. chilonis (Matsumura) were studied. These three putative species comprise the Cotesia flavipes complex. Wing fanning and antennal vibration were the initial courtship signals from the males. Antennal stroking by the male was also an important contact signal and a prerequisite to successful mounting and copulation. Interspecific crosses revealed that males of C. flavipes exhibited courtship behaviour, and mounted and copulated with females of C. chilonis and C. sesamiae; the males transferred sperm but progeny from these crosses did not include females. Males of C. sesamiae copulated with females of C. chilonis and the progeny included viable females. The progeny backcrosses of the hybrid females to male parents also included viable females. Sex pheromone experiments were conducted in a Y-tube olfactometer and in large field cages. Males and females of C. flavipes perceived and responded to odours emitted by the opposite sex. There was no significant response to odours from conspecific individuals of the same sex in any of the three species. Pheromone bioassays in field cages using sticky traps baited with live virgin C. flavipes females attracted conspecific males.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Olfactory Proteins Involved in Chemoreception of Galeruca daurica

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Wen-Bing Zhang ◽  
Yan-Min Shan ◽  
Zhuo-Ran Zhang ◽  
Bao-Ping Pang
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Fluorescence Binding Assay

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play a fundamental role in insect olfaction. Galeruca daurica (Joannis) is a new pest with outbreak status in the Inner Mongolia grasslands, northern China. In this study, six olfactory protein genes (GdauOBP1, GdauOBP6, GdauOBP10, GdauOBP15, GdauCSP4, and GdauCSP5) were cloned by RACE and expressed by constructing a prokaryotic expression system. Their binding affinities to 13 compounds from host volatiles (Allium mongolicum) were determined by fluorescence-binding assay. In order to further explore the olfactory functions of GdauOBP15 and GdauCSP5, RNA interference (RNAi) and electroantennogram (EAG) experiments were conducted. Ligand-binding assays showed that the binding properties of the six recombinant proteins to the tested volatiles were different. GdauOBP6, GdauOBP15, GdauCSP4, and GdauCSP5 could bind several tested ligands of host plants. It was suspected that GdauOBP6, GdauOBP15, GdauCSP4, and GdauCSP5 were related to the host location in G. daurica. We also found that there were different EAG responses between males and females when the GdauOBP15 and GdauCSP5 genes were silenced by RNAi. The EAG response of G. daurica females to 2-hexenal was significantly decreased in dsRNA-OBP15-injected treatment compared to the control, and the dsRNA-CSP5-treated females significantly reduced EAG response to eight tested host volatiles (1,3-dithiane, 2-hexenal, methyl benzoate, dimethyl trisulfide, myrcene, hexanal, 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, and p-xylene). However, the EAG response had no significant difference in males. Both GdauOBP15 and GdauCSP5 may have different functions between males and females in G. daurica and may play more important roles in females searching for host plants.

scholarly journals Unidirectional incompatibility in Drosophila simulans: inheritance, geographic variation and fitness effects.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Hoffmann ◽  
M Turelli
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
North America ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Population Cage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Population Controls

Abstract In California, Drosophila simulans females from some populations (type W) produce relatively few adult progeny when crossed to males from some other populations (type R), but the productivity of the reciprocal cross is comparable to within-population controls. These two incompatibility types are widespread in North America and are also present elsewhere. Both types sometimes occur in the same population. Type R females always produce type R progeny irrespective of the father's type. However, matings between R males and females from stocks classified as type W produce type R progeny at low frequency. This suggests rare paternal transmission of the R incompatibility type, as we have found no evidence for segregation of incompatibility types in the W stocks. There is quantitative variation among type R lines for compatibility with W females, but not vice versa. Population cage studies and productivity tests suggest that deleterious side effects are associated with the type R cytoplasm.

Evolutionary radiation in polychaete ovaries and vitellogenic mechanisms: their possible role in life history patterns

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Eckelbarger
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Nutrient Storage ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Life History Patterns

Two types of oogenesis have evolved in polychaetes: one (extraovarian) in which germ cells are ovulated into the coelomic cavity where they undergo vitellogenesis, and another (intraovarian) in which the germ cells are released from the ovary after or near the completion of vitellogenesis. There are many mechanisms of yolk synthesis and significant variation as to the sources of yolk precursors, their route of entry into developing oocytes, and the oocytic organelles involved in yolk synthesis. The evolution of the coelom and its role in nutrient storage and transfer, as well as the origin of germ cells, are intimately related to the evolution of vitellogenic mechanisms in polychaetes. Comparative studies have revealed a correlation between mechanisms of yolk synthesis and the breeding patterns of polychaetes with the rate and type of vitellogenesis being related to the frequency of breeding. Vitellogenic mechanisms in polychaetes are compared with those of other metazoans in an effort to better understand the evolution of this important process and to identify primitive and derived features of yolk synthesis within the Polychaeta.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic and Anticonvulsant Effects on Mice of Flavonoids, Linalool, and -Tocopherol Presents in the Extract of Leaves ofCissus sicyoidesL. (Vitaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Krissia Rayane de Oliveira Rafael ◽  
Geraldo Bosco Lindoso Couto ◽  
Ana Beatriz Matos Ishigami
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Marble Burying ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Behavioral Assays ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effects

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the aerial parts ofCissus sicyoidesL. (CS) (Vitaceae) on male and female mice using several behavioral assays. Groups of males and females treated via intraperitoneal (IP) with doses of 300, 600, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract showed significant action in the elevated plus-maze (EPM), time spent in the open arms, and number of entries in the open arms. The board-hole test also showed a significant increase in the time spent in head-dipping and in marble-burying test of the number of marbles buried. The same treatment increased the duration of sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital and also showed a significant increase in protection against pentylenotetrazole-induced convulsions. These results indicate an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant-like action fromC. sicyoidesL. extract on mice, probably due to the action of flavonoid(s), Linalool, and -tocopherol present in theC. sicyoidesleaves.

Reproductive Behavior of Hybrid Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred H. Berst ◽  
Alan R. Emery ◽  
George R. Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Acoustic Signaling ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Nest Digging ◽  
Males And Females

Observations of the reproductive behavior of splake (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush) planted in Jack Lake, Algonquin Park, Ont., indicated that they spawned on rocky shoals from late October to early November. In mid-October, splake approached the spawning locations. By late October females had selected redd sites and dominant males were aggressively defending the sites that had been cleared by the females, against other males. Redd digging was variable in duration and frequency. Depth of water over redds varied between 0.5 and 4 m. No attempts were made to cover the eggs, most of which settled into the crevices between rocks. Males and females used acoustic signals during both aggression and courtship. The male initiated courtship by maintaining his head over the female's tail, then crisscrossing over the tail. Parallel positioning of the two sexes was a prerequisite to release of sex products. Visual and sonic cues appeared to be used in sequencing behavior. Circling functioned as a neutral action to which any other courting behavior could revert. Nest digging ceased after completion of egg deposition. A swim-in-place behavior of the female was a positive indicator of egg deposition. Egg predation by adult splake was observed, but it appeared to offer no serious threat to natural reproduction. Laboratory observations of splake reproductive behavior in aquaria did not indicate any behavioral obstacles to successful natural reproduction. Courtship behavior and egg deposition in the artificial spawning beds was followed by normal development and emergence of fry.Key words: splake, reproductive behavior, Ontario, visual and acoustic signaling

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