Characteristics and Distribution of Penile Lesions in Croatian Men with Laboratory-Confirmed Low-Risk and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (05+06/2017) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Mestrovic ◽  
Zora Profozic ◽  
Marijana Neuberg ◽  
Goran Kozina ◽  
Ivan Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk

scholarly journals Differences in Factors Associated With High- and Low-Risk Oral Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Bettampadi ◽  
Brittney Dickey ◽  
Martha Abrahamsen ◽  
Bradley Sirak ◽  
Maria Luiza Baggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes oral warts and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Human papillomavirus-attributable OPC incidence among men is significantly increasing worldwide, yet few studies have reported oral HPV across multiple countries or examined factors associated with low- and high-risk HPV separately. Methods Oral gargles from 3095 men in the multinational HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study were HPV genotyped. Multivariable models assessed factors independently associated with high-risk and low-risk HPV prevalence. Results The prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV was 6.0% and 2.8%, respectively. Greater number of sexual partners was only associated with high-risk HPV (1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–2.90) prevalence. In multivariable models, residing in Mexico (1.66; 95% CI, 1.15–2.40) and smoking (1.66; 95% CI, 1.13–2.44) were significantly associated with high-risk HPV, and history of consistent gum bleeding (2.16; 95% CI, 1.35–3.45) was significantly associated with low-risk HPV. Gender of the sexual partner did not alter the results for either high- or low-risk HPV endpoints. Conclusions Different factors were independently associated with high- and low-risk oral HPV. Oral sexual behaviors were associated with high-risk HPV, and oral health was associated with low-risk HPV. High-risk HPV prevalence differed by country of residence, highlighting the need for additional studies in multiple countries.

scholarly journals Clearance of Type-Specific, Low-Risk, and High-Risk Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infections in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Women

2018 ◽  
pp. JGO.17.00129
Author(s):  
Sally N. Adebamowo ◽  
Ayotunde Famooto ◽  
Eileen O. Dareng ◽  
Oluwatoyosi Olawande ◽  
Olayinka Olaniyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cervical Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Purpose There is a dearth of data on clearance of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women in West Africa. We examined the clearance of low-risk (lr) and high-risk (hr) cervical HPV infections, and the factors associated with these measures in HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. Methods We studied 630 Nigerian women involved in a study of HPV infection using short polymerase chain reaction fragment-10 assay and line probe assay-25. Research nurses used a cervical brush to collect samples of exfoliated cervical cells from all the study participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between HIV and HPV infections. Results The mean age of the study participants was 38 (standard deviation, ± 8) years; 51% were HIV positive. The rate of clearing any HPV infection was 2.0% per month among all women in the study population, 2.5% per month among HIV-negative women, and 1.6% per month, among HIV-positive women. The clearance rate per 1,000 person-months of observation for any lrHPV infection and any hrHPV infection were 9.21 and 8.83, respectively, for HIV-negative women, and 9.38 and 9.37, respectively, for HIV-positive women. In multivariate models, the hazard ratios for HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.51 to 1.43; P = .55) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.65; P = .85) for cleared infections with any lrHPV and any hrHPV, respectively. The hazard ratio for HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.88; P = .02) for cleared infections with any multiple HPV and 0.13 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.58; P = .007) for cleared infections with multiple hrHPV. Conclusion In this study population, we observed that HIV-positive women were less likely to clear infections with multiple hrHPV types.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus infection prevalence in female university students in Novi Sad, Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Kovacevic ◽  
Aleksandra Jovanovic-Galovic ◽  
Vladimir Petrovic ◽  
Zeljka Vinarz ◽  
Gordana Marinkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Gynecological Examination ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Novi Sad

Introduction. Cervical cancer, attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, represents the fourth most common and lethal cancer in Serbian women, and the second most common cancer in women aged 15-44. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of high-risk and low-risk HPV types in population of unvaccinated female university students in Novi Sad, Serbia, and to evaluate possible risk factors for HPV infection. Methods. Sample consisted of 250 young women (19-26 years of age) attending outpatient clinics for screening gynecological examination. All participants in the study completed a specially designed anonymous questionnaire. For the detection of HPV DNA, two commercial kits - High Risk HPV Real-TM and Low Risk HPV 6/11 Real-TM (Sacace Biotechnologies, Como, Italy) were used. Thirty positive samples were retested by GenoFlow HPV Array Test (DiagCor Bioscience Incorporation Limited, Hong Kong, China). Results. The overall prevalence rate of HPV was 61.6%. The most common HPV types in the present study were as follows: HPV 16, 31, 51, 52, and 18. Female students with only one sexual partner had significantly lower chance of having HPV infection. Other variables describing lifestyle did not show statistical significance. Conclusion. The present paper provides data on the prevalence of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes among university students in Novi Sad. Obtained results indicate the need for educational activities on sexually transmitted infections, including HPV, together with promotion of healthy lifestyles. According to our results, bivalent and quadrivalent prophylactic vaccines have the potential to prevent over 50% of infections. Percentage of protection with a second-generation prophylactic nonavalent vaccine would be more than 80%.

Interaction of High- and Low-Risk human papillomavirus genotypes is associated with a reduced risk of developing cervical cancer (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Avan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Simultaneous Infection ◽  
High Risk Hpv

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is among the most common type of cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. OBJECTIVE The link between cervical cancer and high-risk HPV infection has been well documented, although the effect of simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV or low-risk HPV alone on the risk of developing cervical malignancy is remained to be unanswered in guideline METHODS We have investigated the association of high and low-risk HPVs (HR or LR) genotype with cervical carcinoma risk, as well as pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population-based cohort study of 790 patients. RESULTS The percentage of HR+LR and HR-HPV16/18 were 9.30% and 11.20% in class II, 7.15% and 7.10% in class IV and 7.15% and 5.80% in As-CUS smears. Interestingly concurrent infection with HR-HPV and LR-HPV types led to a notable decline in the risk of developing malignancy in comparison with the high-risk group (OR=0.3 (0.098-0.925), p-value=0.04). The percentage of individuals with cervical malignancy was 10.2% and 28.2% within the co-infected and the HR-HPV participants. CONCLUSIONS Our finding demonstrated that simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV reduces the risk of cervical malignancy.

scholarly journals Coinfection of High-Risk and Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Urethra Condylomata Accuminata

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Lita Setyowatie ◽  
Noor Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaginal Wall ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Condylomata Accuminata

Background: Condylomata accuminata (CA) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which has more than 40 subtypes classified into high and low risks. The incidence of coinfection involving HPVs in genitalia varies between 2%–71%. Coinfection events increase in immunosuppressed patients. Purpose: To know the types of HPV in CA lesions and the risk factors of a high and low-risk HPV coinfection. Case: A 45-year-old woman presented with genital warts appeared three weeks before. The patient had a breast cancer history and undergone chemotherapy. The examination revealed multiple papules with verrucous surface, firm borders, with whitish color around the urethra and on the vaginal wall. Acetowhite test was positive. The biopsy examination showed squamous epithelium arranged to form papils and foci suspected as koilocytes suggesting CA. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) rapid test, VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) and TPHA (Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination) examinations showed non-reactive results. The HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genotyping test showed positive results for HPV type 56 (High-Risk Genotypes) and HPV type 6 (Low-Risk Genotypes). She was treated with electrosurgery and consulted to the urology department. Discussion: Coinfection of HPVs might cause a persistent HPV infection for a longer duration, as well as the risk of developing into cancerous lesion. The mechanism of high-risk and low-risk HPV coinfection in immunosuppressed individuals might be due to faster replication of the virus or reactivation of a latent infection. Conclusion: Coinfection of 2 types of HPV could happen in immunosuppression condition such as in patient undergone chemotherapy.

Incidence and clearance of penile human papillomavirus infection among circumcised Kenyan men

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202-1211
Author(s):  
Danielle M Backes ◽  
Claire Bosire ◽  
Michael G Hudgens ◽  
Ali Fokar ◽  
Kawango Agot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Geographical Regions

Prospective data are limited on human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition and clearance among circumcised men from resource-limited geographical regions, particularly Africa. The goal of this study was to estimate incidence and clearance of type-specific genital HPV infection in men. Penile exfoliated cell specimens were collected from the glans/coronal sulcus and shaft of 1,037 circumcised Kenyan men at baseline and 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up visits between 2003–2007. Specimens were tested with GP5+/6+ PCR to detect 44 HPV types. The median age of participants at baseline was 21 years (range 18–28). The 12- and 18-month incidence rates (IRs) for any HPV were 34.9/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.2–39.0) and 36.4/100 person-years (95% CI: 32.9–40.2), respectively. The 18-month cumulative risk for high-risk HPV was 30% compared to 16% for low-risk HPV. Cumulative risk was not associated with age or anatomical site. The estimated probability of any HPV infection clearing by 12 months was 0.92. Time until HPV clearance was not associated with age, anatomical site, or whether HPV infection type was high-risk or low-risk. HPV IRs among circumcised men in this study were comparable to other circumcised populations.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in women in Lomé, Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akouélé P. Kuassi-Kpede ◽  
Essolakina Dolou ◽  
Théodora M. Zohoncon ◽  
Ina Marie Angèle Traore ◽  
Gnatoulma Katawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Precancerous Cervical Lesions ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The causative agent of cervical cancer referred to as Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a real public health problem. Many countries in West Africa, such as Togo have no data on the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and genotypes distribution. In order to fill the knowledge gap in the field in Togo, the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix and HR-HPV genotypes among Togolese women. Methods Samples were collected from 240 women by introducing a swab in the cervix. Then, the screening of precancerous cervical lesions using the visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol (VIA / VIL) was conducted. The HR-HPV genotypes were characterised by real-time multiplex PCR. Results Out of 240 women recruited, 128 (53.3%) were infected by HR-HPV. The most common genotypes were HPV 56 (22.7%), followed by HPV 51 (20.3%), HPV 31 (19.5%), HPV 52 (18.8%) and HPV 35 (17.2%). The least common genotypes were HPV 33 (2.3%) and HPV 16 (2.3%). Among the women, 1.3% (3/240) were positive to VIA/VIL. Conclusion This study allowed HR-HPV genotypes to be characterised for the first time in Lomé, Togo. This will help in mapping the HR-HPV genotypes in West Africa.

scholarly journals High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Tobacco Smoke Interactions in Epithelial Carcinogenesis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Aguayo ◽  
Juan P. Muñoz ◽  
Francisco Perez-Dominguez ◽  
Diego Carrillo-Beltrán ◽  
Carolina Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

Cervical, anogenital, and some head and neck cancers (HNC) are etiologically associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection, even though additional cofactors are necessary. Epidemiological studies have established that tobacco smoke (TS) is a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis because women who smoke are more susceptible to cervical cancer when compared to non-smokers. Even though such a relationship has not been established in HPV-related HNC, a group of HPV positive patients with this malignancy are smokers. TS is a complex mixture of more than 4500 chemical compounds and approximately 60 of them show oncogenic properties such as benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) and nitrosamines, among others. Some of these compounds have been evaluated for carcinogenesis through experimental settings in collaboration with HR-HPV. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of the suggested molecular mechanisms involved in cooperation with both HR-HPV and TS for epithelial carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we propose interaction models in which TS collaborates with HR-HPV to promote epithelial cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. More studies are warranted to clarify interactions between oncogenic viruses and chemical or physical environmental factors for epithelial carcinogenesis.

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