scholarly journals Determining the optimum percentages of fly ash, metakaolin and copper slag by replacing cement and fine aggregate in m30 grade concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Production

The overall production of the cement has greatly increased which results lots of problems in environment as it involves the emission of CO2   gas.  Environmental concerns, stemming from the high energy expense and carbon dioxide emission associated with cement manufacture have brought about pressures to reduce cement consumption through the use of supplementary materials. Materials such as Metakaolin, fly ash have good pozzolanic activity and are a good material for the production of high strength concrete. Copper slag is a by-product of copper extraction by smelting. Copper slag can be used in concrete production as a partial replacement for sand. However, it is expected that the use of Metakaolin, Fly ash and Copper slag in concrete improves the strength properties of concrete. Keywords: Supplementary cementitious material, Cement, Fine aggregate

scholarly journals Strength Determination of High Strength Concrete Blended with Copper Slag and Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1198-1203
Author(s):  
Jamshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Free Water ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Free Water Content

An experimental analysis was conducted to study the effects of using copper slag as a fine aggregate (FA) and the effect of fly ash as partial replacement of cement on the properties high strength concrete. In this analysis total ten concrete mixtures were prepared, out of which five mixes containing different proportions of copper slag ranging from 0% (for the control mix) to 75% were prepared and remaining five mixes containing fly ash as partial replacement of cement ranging from 6% to 30% (all mixes contains 50% copper slag as sand replacements). Concrete matrix were tested for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength tests. Addition of copper slag as sand replacement up to 50% yielded comparable strength with that of the control matrix. However, further additions of copper slag, caused reduction in strength due to an increment of the free water content in the mix. Concrete mix with 75% copper slag replacement gave the lowest compressive strength value of approximately 80 MPa at 28 days curing period, which is almost 4% more than the strength of the control mix. For this concrete containing 50% copper slag, fly ash is introduced in the concrete to achieve the better compressive, split and flexural strengths. It was also observed that, introduction of the fly ash gave better results than concrete containing 50% copper slag. When concrete prepared with 18 % of fly ash, the strength has increased approximately 4%, and strength decreased with further replacements of the cement with fly ash. Hence, it is suggested that 50% of copper slag can be used as replacement of sand and 18% fly ash can be used as replacement of cement in order to obtain high strength concrete.

Study on Strength Properties of Pervious Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1211-1227
Author(s):  
Wasiq Maqbool Peer
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract: Pervious concrete is a concrete containing little or no fine aggregate; it consists of coarse aggregate and cement paste. It seems pervious concrete would be a natural choice for use in structural applications in this age of ‘green building’. It consumes less raw material than normal concrete (no sand), it provides superior insulation values when used in walls, and through the direct drainage of rainwater, it helps recharge groundwater in pavement applications. Due to increase in construction and demolition activities all over the world, the waste concrete after the destruction is not used for any purpose which leads to loss of economy of the country. India is a developing country where urbanization is increasing rapidly which in turn leading to increase of drainage facilities. Pervious concrete helps to allow the water flow into the ground due to interconnected pores. Natural aggregate is becoming scarce, production and shipment is becoming more difficult. In order to overcome this problem, there is need to find a by-product, which can be used to replace the aggregate in conventional concrete mix. Keywords: Pervious Concrete, Partial Replacement, Fly Ash, Cement, Compressive Strength,

scholarly journals Performance of Copper Slag Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperature for Low Duration

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-655
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The Impact

River sand is the standard form of fine aggregate used in the concrete production. In this present era of rapid urbanization, to meet the increasing demand of natural sand by the construction industry, massive scale depletion of the river bed is being carried out which is causing a considerable negative impact on our environment. Hence it is highly imperative to find sustainable fine aggregates to meet the global demand without disturbing our ecosystem. Copper slag is one such sustainable material which has a promising future to be used as an alternative to river sand. This paper presents a study on finding the optimum dosage of copper slag (CS) as partial replacement sand in preparation of concrete. Further, as part of durability study, the impact of elevated temperature of 2000 C, 4000 C and 6000 C for 4 hours exposure period on strength characteristics of copper slag blended concrete has been presented and been compared with that of normal concrete. The results indicate that copper slag concrete has excellent resistance to weight and strength loss at an elevated temperature of 2000 C, 4000 C compared to normal concrete however at 6000 C copper slag concrete shows similar trends like normal concrete. In the present experimental study, M20 & M30 concrete grades were used.

scholarly journals Utilization of Crumb Rubber and High-Volume Fly Ash in Concrete for Environmental Sustainability: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Mugineysh Murali ◽  
Bashar S. Mohammed ◽  
Isyaka Abdulkadir ◽  
M. S. Liew ◽  
Wesam Salah Alaloul
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
High Volume Fly Ash ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Rubber Concrete

Waste tire and fly ash (FA) are two waste materials whose disposal and rapid rate of accumulation are among the pressing sources of concern and threat to the environment. Although much research exists on the use of these materials in cementitious composites, very little literature is available on the effectiveness of combining them in high volumes for concrete production. This work aimed to utilize crumb rubber (CR) from waste tires as a partial replacement of fine aggregate at 15%, 22.25%, and 30% by volume, and high-volume fly ash (HVFA) replacement of cement at 50%, 60%, and 70% (by weight of cementitious materials) to produce high-volume fly ash–crumb rubber concrete (HVFA–CRC). Using the central composite design (CCD) option of the response surface methodology (RSM), 13 mixes were produced with different combinations and levels of the CR and FA (the input factors) on which the responses of interest (compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths) were experimentally investigated. Furthermore, the composite influence of CR and HVFA on the workability of the concrete was assessed using the slump test. The results showed a decline in the mechanical properties with increasing replacement levels of the CR and HVFA. However, up to 22.25% and 60% of CR and HVFA replacements, respectively, produced a structural HVFA–CRC with a compressive strength of more than 20 MPa at 28 days. Response predictive models were developed and validated using ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. The models had high R2 values ranging from 95.26 to 97.74%. Multi-objective optimization was performed and validated with less than 5% error between the predicted and experimental responses.

scholarly journals Equivalent CO2 Emission and Cost Analysis of Green Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sylvia E. Kelechi ◽  
Musa Adamu ◽  
Abubakar Mohammed ◽  
Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo ◽  
Yasser E. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Production

Global warming and climate changes are the major environmental challenges globally. With CO2 emission being one of the main greenhouse gases emitted to the environment, and cement and concrete production amounting to about 10% of the global CO2 emission, there is a need for the construction industry to utilize an environmentally sustainable material as an alternative to cement. This study analyzed the cost, CO2 emission and strength properties of green self-compacting concrete (SCC) ternary blend containing fly ash, calcium carbide residue (CCR), and crumb rubber (CR) as a replacement material by volume of cement, cementitious material, and fine aggregate, respectively. Cement was replaced with fly ash at 0 and 40% by volume. CCR was used as a replacement at 5 and 10% by volume of cementitious materials, CR replaced fine aggregate in proportions of 10 and 20% by volume. The result indicated that the mix with 0% fly ash and 20% CR replacement of fine aggregate was the most expensive and had the highest CO2 emission. However, the mix with 10% CR, 40% fly ash, and 10% CCR had the lowest CO2 emission and was therefore the greenest SCC mix. The 28-day maximum compressive strength of 45 MPa was achieved in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 10% CCR, while the utmost 28-day splitting tensile strength of 4.1 MPa was achieved with a mix with 10% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR, and the highest flexural strength at 28 days was 6.7 MPa and was also obtained in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR. In conclusion, a green SCC can be produced by substituting 40% cement with fly ash, 10% fine aggregate with CR, and 10% CCR as a replacement by volume of cementitious material, which is highly affordable and has an acceptable strength as recommended for conventional SCC.

scholarly journals Literature Review on Performance of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Copper Slag and Supplementary Cementitious Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1814-1819
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Dupaki
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Congested Area ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Day By Day

Abstract: This paper gives a review on self compacting concrete(SCC) to be made as partial replacing of cement by fly ash and metakaolin and partial replacing of fine aggregate with copper slag. Day by day production of concrete is increasing due to requirement of concrete is increasing with sufficient mechanical and durable properties in construction industry. Self compacting concrete is the special concrete which has ability of passing and filling of every corner of the congested area. So many researches are going on to increase mechanical and durable properties of SCC. Due to shortage of natural aggregates, researches are going on to use by-products or waste material as fine aggregate. Copper slag is a by-product produced during the process of production of copper. To achieve good mechanical and durable properties of self-compacting concrete cementitious material places an important role. Metakaolin and fly ash are used as the partial replacement of cement. In this paper an overview on the literature on mechanical behaviour of self-compacting concrete with partial replacement of cement by fly ash and metakaolin and partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag. Keywords: self compacting concrete, copper slag, fly ash, metakaolin, mechanical properties, durability

scholarly journals Hierarchical Order of Influence of Mix Variables Affecting Compressive Strength of Sustainable Concrete Containing Fly Ash, Copper Slag, Silica Fume, and Fibres

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sakthieswaran Natarajan ◽  
Ganesan Karuppiah
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Polypropylene Fibres ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Hierarchical Order

Experiments have been conducted to study the effect of addition of fly ash, copper slag, and steel and polypropylene fibres on compressive strength of concrete and to determine the hierarchical order of influence of the mix variables in affecting the strength using cluster analysis experimentally. While fly ash and copper slag are used for partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate, respectively, defined quantities of steel and polypropylene fibres were added to the mixes. It is found from the experimental study that, in general, irrespective of the presence or absence of fibres, (i) for a given copper slag-fine aggregate ratio, increase in fly ash-cement ratio the concrete strength decreases and with the increase in copper slag-sand ratio also the rate of strength decrease and (ii) for a given fly ash-cement ratio, increase in copper slag-fine aggregate ratio increases the strength of the concrete. From the cluster analysis, it is found that the quantities of coarse and fine aggregate present have high influence in affecting the strength. It is also observed that the quantities of fly ash and copper slag used as substitutes have equal “influence” in affecting the strength. Marginal effect of addition of fibres in the compression strength of concrete is also revealed by the cluster analysis.

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