scholarly journals Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Sethia ◽  
Samiksha Modi ◽  
Aarushi Shah ◽  
Jay Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Field

Introduction: Dry eyes is a chronic disorder affecting the ocular surface causing tear film instability, visual problems, redness and a feeling of irritation in the eye. It is an emerging preventable health hazard among the young individuals. Aim: To find the prevalence and risk factors of Dry Eye Disease (DED) in the medical field amongst the postgraduates in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional observational study. All participants were assessed on a number of variables, which included duration of residency, smoking, use of cosmetics, screen time and distance of screen from eyes. The present study enrolled 132 students (264 eyes), out of which 66 students were (132 eyes) from surgical field and 66 students were (132 eyes) were from non-surgical field. They were examined for a panel of tests for DED, i.e., Schirmer Test, Tear Break Up Time (TBUT) Test, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) grading and Conjunctival Staining. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v20 was used for statistical analysis. All the qualitative data were analysed by using Chi-square test. Results: Overall prevalence of DED was 56.81% in the medical field amongst residents. Based on the results of all the conventional test performed, most of the residents belonged to the mild category followed by moderate and least in the severe category. Based on TBUT, prevalence of DED was more in surgical (62.67%) compared to non-surgical (37.33%) residents with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 3.35, p-value <0.0001 and risk ratio of 1.67. Residents who spend more screen time (>4 hours/day) and use screen at a distance more than arm-forearm length have more prevalence of DED (p-value of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Overall prevalence of DED was 56.81% in the medical field amongst residents. It is concluded that surgeons have a 3.35 chance greater than non-surgical residents for development of DED. Early diagnosis and curbing the modifiable risk factors can reduce the burden of DED and improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional Study on MyocardialInfarction in Young Adults in an EmergencyDepartment of a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Davanagere,Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Karthik Reddy ◽  
Mahesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Ashray Vasanthapuram ◽  
Girish Narayan ◽  
SS Narendra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vessel Disease

Introduction: The incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in the young has been increasing globally. Research in this population has been limited in developed countries or urban areas in developing countries. Identifying the various epidemiologic features in this age group is crucial to understand the disease. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of young adults presenting with ACS in a rural tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 patients diagnosed with ACS. Data were collected from consecutive patients between the ages of 18 to 45 years diagnosed with ACS between January 2014 to January 2015 in the Emergency Medicine Department of a tertiary care hospital in Davanagere, India. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, risk factors, laboratory tests, and angiographic findings. Range, mean and percentages were calculated for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all variables. Results: The mean age was 38.1±5.8 years with male preponderance 46 (92%). Risk factors were smoking 36 (72%), diabetes 17 (34%), hypertension 6 (12%) and Body Mass Index (BMI) >23 kg/m2, 36 (72%). Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction (AWMI) was observed in 35 (70%) of subjects with angiography revealing Single Vessel Disease (SVD) 28 (56%), Double Vessel Disease (DVD) 5 (10%), Triple Vessel Disease (TVD) 3 (6%) and Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (MINOCA) 11 (22%). Three patients died during their course of treatment before initiating an interventional procedure. Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes mellitus and elevated BMI are associated with ACS among young patients. Interventions targeting these risk factors among younger individuals should be developed.

scholarly journals Prognostic factors and outcome of Post-Neonatal Tetanus in an intensive care unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nighat Sultana ◽  
Attia Bari ◽  
Mehwish Faizan ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neonatal Tetanus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital

Objective: To determine the prognostic factors and outcome of tetanus in children of post-neonatal age admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study, carried out in the Pediatric ICU of The Children’s Hospital Lahore from Jan 2013 to March 2017. Children of both genders with age range of two months to 16 years diagnosed clinically as tetanus were included. All 132 patients were scrutinized for all possible risk factors, need for mechanical ventilation and outcome. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Mean age of children was 7.5±3.4 years with male predominance (70.5%). Only (38.6%) received three doses of vaccination but none had booster dose. Trauma (43.2%) encompassed maximum predisposing factor followed by ear or nose prick and ear discharge. Mean duration of ICU stay was 20±13.3 days. Mortality rate was (17.4%). Ventilator support was given to (78.8%). Neurological outcome was normal in (82.6%). Trauma, ear or nose prick in girls and ear discharge were significantly associated with poor outcome and death with p-value of <0.001, 0.011 and <0.001 respectively. Other factors associated with poor outcome were need for mechanical ventilation and neurological impairment with p-value of 0.001 and <0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Tetanus is causing our children to suffer from devastating disease. Vaccination status is not satisfactory and along with trauma, ear discharge and ear or nose prick are identifiable risk factors. To combat these issues large scale vaccination and booster doses remains promising option. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.656 How to cite this:Sultana N, Bari A, Faizan M, Sarwar M. Prognostic factors and outcome of Post-Neonatal Tetanus in an intensive care unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.656 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Secondary Glaucoma with Special Reference to Its Proportion, Causes and Its Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Partha Chakma ◽  
Debal Kisor Pal ◽  
Amar Kanti Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Glaucoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause

BACKGROUND Secondary glaucoma is an anatomically identifiable abnormality which in turn is an underlying cause of the events that lead to aqueous outflow obstruction and rise in the intraocular pressure. This prospective study mainly highlights the secondary glaucoma with special reference to its proportion, causes and its risk factors in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS This study was a cross sectional study. Patients, who attended the Department of Ophthalmology after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria diagnosed with secondary glaucoma, were included in the study. The study period was from February 2018 to June 2020. A standard form was filled up for each patient documenting parameters and findings of various examinations and was evaluated as per protocol. RESULTS Secondary glaucoma was seen in 0.2 % patients who visited during the study period. Out of 106 patients, males were 50, females were 56, with a male: female ratio of 1:1.1. The most common cause of secondary glaucoma was lens induced glaucoma seen in 44.34 % followed by uveitic glaucoma in 20.8 % cases, traumatic 17.9 %, neovascular 10.4 %, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 2.8 %, pigmentary glaucoma 1.9 %, silicon oil induced 0.9 %, and uveitis-glaucomahyphema syndrome in 0.9 % cases. Around thirty five percent (34.9 %) cases presented with sudden onset of painful diminution of vision with nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Secondary glaucoma is still one of the prevalent diseases in this part of country. Lens induced glaucoma is still the most common cause of secondary glaucoma. Hypermature cataract, uveitis, trauma and neovascularisation are the different risk factors. KEYWORDS Secondary Glaucoma, Lens Induced Glaucoma, Phacomorphic Glaucoma, Uveitic Glaucoma

scholarly journals Frequency of infantile colic in neonates presenting At Tertiary Care Hospital.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357-2362
Author(s):  
Anwar Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Asghar Ali ◽  
Ali Hammad
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Infantile Colic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Hospital Study

Objectives: To determine the frequency of infantile colic in neonates presenting at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: From January 2018 to August 2018. Material & Methods: Total 467 neonates either male or female were selected for this study. Total 467 neonates with complaints of crying and fussing either male or female were selected for this study and infantile colic was assessed in selected neonates by using Wessel criteria. Results: Total 467 neonates were selected for this study.  Mean age of the neonates was 24.94 ± 2.39 months, mean gestational age and mean weight was 39.42 ± 1.22 weeks and 3.27 ± 0.62g respectively.   Infantile colic was found in 322 (69%) neonates.  Infantile colic was found in 61 (33.33%) neonates, 136 (94.44%) neonates, 75 (87.21%) neonates and 50 (92.59%) neonates respectively.  Statistically significant association between infantile colic and type of feeding with p value 0.000.  Infantile colic was found in 147 (84.97%), 95 (67.86), 62 (49.21%) and 18 (64.29%) neonates respectively in 37 weeks, 38 weeks, 39 weeks and 40 weeks gestational age group.  Statistically insignificant association between infantile colic and gestational age was noted with p value 0.000. Conclusion: Results of present study showed higher rate of colic in infants.  Development of colic was highly associated with gestational age, birth weight and type of feeding.  There is no effective medical treatment (like anti-colic and herbal drugs) but alternative measures may relieve or prevent further colic attacks.

scholarly journals Study of knowledge attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Durg district of Chhattisgarh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4880
Author(s):  
Mohd Junaid ◽  
Swapnil Shinkar ◽  
Amol Patil
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Income Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Poor knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) patterns among patients might reflect the danger of possible high transmission of COVID-19 and the need for awareness campaigns. The need of the hour is to gauge the knowledge, awareness and practices of the people to help prevent the further outbreak of COVID-19.Methods: Questionnaire based cross sectional study was done for a period of 7 days to access the knowledge attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Durg, Chhattisgarh.Results: A total of 288 people participated in the study, majority of respondents were males 53% mean age was 39±15.9 years. Overall, 80.4% of the participants had good knowledge, 68.6% of the participants had a positive attitude, 83.8% of the participants were following good practices. Gender and income influenced knowledge scores, being significantly higher in males and higher income individuals (p value <0.05) while attitude and practices scores had no significant association with gender and income group (p value >0.05).Conclusions: Though the population demonstrated decent knowledge, appropriate practice, and positive attitude towards COVID-19 at the time of outbreak there is still need of on-going health education and awareness campaigns and need of policies and intervention that are more person centred. 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF AWARNESS, KNOWLEDGE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K. Jesindha Beyatricks ◽  
Deepa shruthi G ◽  
Fizia Mohammadi ◽  
Feba Thomas ◽  
Omid Reza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

A prospective cross sectional study on the awareness, knowledge and risk factors of CKD among Diabetic and Hypertensive patients was conducted in the outpatient and inpatient wards of a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru. A total number of 100 patients were included in the study. The results indicated that, out of 100 patients, 38% was having knowledge and 62% were without knowledge. 43% were having positive attitude and 57% with a negative attitude. It was found that majority of the people were without knowledge, that is 62% and negative attitude 57%. The study revealed that among educated people, 55.55% was having poor knowledge and 44.44% was having good knowledge. Among uneducated people, 64.86 % was having poor knowledge and 35.13 % was having good knowledge. Among 100 participants, 43% has positive attitude and 57% has negative attitude.

scholarly journals Guideline adherence and control of diabetes mellitus with or without co-morbidities in various wards of a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Dayana Nicholas ◽  
Jamaluddin Awang ◽  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Co Morbidity

To assess the adherence of physicians involved in the management of diabetes mellitus with or without co-morbidities with reference to Clinical Practice Guideline 2009 given by Ministry of Health Malaysia in the tertiary care hospital, Pinang General Hospital Malaysia. Cross-sectional study was done at tertiary care hospital, Penang, Malaysia. The total 51 physicians and 1020 patient’s prescriptions written by same physicians were taken from the record of the Penang General Hospital (20 prescriptions for each enrolled physician). All 1020 patients were suffering from diabetes mellitus with or without co-morbidities. These patients were recruited from the different wards of the Penang General Hospital. Depending on the recommendations of CPG 2009 the prescriptions of patients were divided into adherent and non-adherent prescriptions. The overall good level of physician adherence was seen with respect to the recommendations of CPG 2009 in all prescriptions. A statistically significant negative association (?= 0.094, p-value=0.003) was observed between diabetes mellitus control and co-morbidities. CPG adherent had statistically weak negative association (?= -0.081, p-value=0.010) with patients having co-morbidities. No statistically significant association was observed between CPG adherence and any other co-morbidity. The study explored the several features of prescription pattern of physicians involved in the management of diabetes mellitus with or without co-morbidities and recognized the need for improvement in their prescription pattern for treating the diabetes mellitus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i8.19405 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2014, 3(8): 309-312

scholarly journals Frequency of anemia and causative risk factors in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital: A cross sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1966-1970
Author(s):  
Saima Yasmin Qadir ◽  
Hajira Sultana ◽  
Saima Ashraf ◽  
Shazia Siddiq ◽  
Asia Fayyaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical University

Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia and its causative risk factors in patients attending the gynecology outpatient department of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Gynecology Outpatient Department attendees of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital. Period: 1st September to 31st December 2019. Material & Methods: Total 361 females between 19-49 years of age were enrolled and included those patients who consented to be tested for blood hemoglobin estimation. Their brief history was taken after proper consent according to predesigned proforma to rule out the risk factors. Patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic lung diseases and liver diseases were excluded. Blood test was done by obtaining the blood sample by finger prick method. Hemoglobin analysis was performed by portable Hemocueanalyser. Frequency of anemia, severity of anemia and their stratification was performed against the risk factors like age, educational status, socioeconomic status, status of pregnancy, parity and contraception were obtained to rule the causative factors. Anemia was defined per standard criteria as hemoglobin less than 11gm/dl. Results:  Majority of patients 65% were between 19-35 years of age and 34% were 36-49years of age. Frequency of pregnant patients and non-pregnant patients was 63.4% and 36.6%.  Frequency of anemia was 56.8%, mean hemoglobin 10.48±1.18 with mild, moderate and severe anemia were 36.8%, 17.2% and 2.8%. Majority of females 82.9%, never went to school and had primary education, 71.70% belong to very poor and poor socioeconomic status, 79.02% were multipara and 81.95% never and infrequently practiced the contraceptive methods. Conclusion:  Frequency of anemia is very high in females presenting to tertiary care hospital being more common in younger age group. Frequent pregnancies, poor socioeconomic status and low level of educational attainment were the major determinants of anemia in females.

scholarly journals A study of the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Puneet Patil ◽  
Aamera Sait ◽  
Dilip Ratan Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Av Block ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk

Background: Complications like arrhythmias, cardiac failure, cerebrovascular and mechanical complications. Among these complications, arrhythmias are the most common complication of acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to study the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods: Present study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital for a period of two years among 102 patients. Detailed history, clinical examination, investigation was done. All patients were followed for one year to assess the outcome among them. All data was entered in the Microsoft Excel worksheet and analyzed using proportions.Results: Arrhythmias were more common with low ejection fraction (72.73%). The overall mortality was 7.84%. Ventricular fibrillation was seen in 50% of the patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. First-degree AV block and second-degree AV block were present in 6.25% and 7.50% respectively and did not affect the mortality while complete heart block was present in 8.75% and mortality rate of 28.57% with right ventricular involvement. Risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias but was not found to have any statistical significance (p >0.05). However, patients having multiple risk factors strongly associated with the high mortality in statistically significant manner (p value 0.0006).Conclusions: Patients with risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias. Multiple risk factors increase the incidence of both arrhythmias and mortality (67% mortality with 4 risk factors and 75% mortality with 5 risk factors).

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