Gastrointestinal spectrum of dengue fever in a dengue epidemic

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-transmitted disease caused bythe dengue virus, an enveloped, single stranded RNA virus of flaviridae family. DF is widelydistributed in many countries of southeast and southern Asia, Central and South America, andthe Western Pacific regions. Dengue fever (DF) has emerged as an epidemic in Pakistan forthe past few years. Objectives: To identify the predictive factors for spontaneous bleedingmanifestations in Dengue fever. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Settings: Pathologydepartment of King Edward Medical University and affiliated hospitals (Mayo Hospital andLady Aitchison Hospital). Study Period: Four months of dengue epidemic July-October 2011.Material and Methods: This study included 125 patients with DF. Patients with spontaneousbleeding were identified. Coagulation profile (including platelet count, prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were recorded in each group (Withand without bleeding). Results: Spontaneous bleeding during dengue fever occurred in53(42.4%) patients. The mean coagulation profile in patients of dengue fever with and withoutspontaneous bleeding was as follows: platelets (91.28±26.64X109/L versus 112.10±17.12 X109/L, p<0.05), PT (15.72±2.42 versus 14.47±3.70 seconds, P>0.05), and APTT (41.0±24.00versus 36.65±4.65 seconds), p<0.05). Conclusions: Frequency of spontaneous bleeding inDF was high. A raised APTT and lower platelets counts was found in patients of dengue feverwith bleeding as compared to non bleeders while no difference in PT levels in both groups.

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A STUDY OF HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION IN DENGUE EPIDEMIC

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i2.929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kamlesh Goyal ◽

Vivek Lakhawat ◽

Subhash Chandra

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatic Dysfunction ◽

Normal Limit ◽

Function Test ◽

Dengue Epidemic

Background: To study liver function test in dengue fever patients. Methods: This study was hospital based prospective study, which included 100 cases of dengue fever. Results: 28 patients had ALT >1-3 ×UNL (upper normal limit), 18 patients had ALT >3-10×UNL and 6 patients had >10×UNL. 24 patients had AST >1-3×UNL, 23 patients had AST >3-10×UNL and 11 patients had >10×UNL. Conclusion: The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in dengue patients was higher than alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels. This differs from the pattern in viral hepatitis but is similar to that seen in alcoholic hepatitis.

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Causes of death among hospitalized adults with dengue fever in Tainan, 2015: emphasis on cardiac events and bacterial infections

10.1101/507137 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jen-Chieh Lee ◽

Cong-Tat Cia ◽

Nan-Yao Lee ◽

Nai-Ying Ko ◽

Po-Lin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Fatal Case ◽

Case Fatality ◽

The Elderly ◽

Severe Dengue ◽

Do Not Resuscitate ◽

Secondary Infections ◽

Dengue Epidemic

Introduction. The 2015 dengue outbreak in southern Taiwan caused substantial mortality rates in the elderly. We analyzed here the causes of death among adults with dengue. Methods. The retrospective study was conducted at a medical center in Tainan from the 1st of August to 31th of December in the year 2015. The detection of the dengue NS1 antigen IgM or viral RNA in patients' blood were used to diagnose dengue. Clinical courses and causes of death were retrieved from chart reviews by two intensivists. Results. There were 4,488 cases of dengue diagnosed in the study hospital, and these cases had an in-hospital case fatality rate of 1.34% (60 cases). Of these, the mean age was 73 years and gender did not predict outcome. Twenty-eight (46.7%) cases died of severe dengue, and 29 (48.3%) deaths were possibly caused by dengue-related complications, which were mostly secondary infections (24 cases). Most of the families of fatal case (70%) signed do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders prior to the patients' death. When the dengue epidemic peaked, 13 cardiac arrest events, including out-of-hospital (5 events) and in-hospital (8) cardiac arrests at the emergency department, occurred within four weeks of the dengue epidemic. Notably, in half (7) of these cases, the patients did not search for medical aid prior to experiencing cardiac arrest. Of the 40 cases that had early death (occurring within one week after hospitalization), 60% died of severe dengue. In contrast, 50% of the 20 deaths that occurred later than one week after hospitalization were related to hospital-acquired infections, mainly pneumonia. Conclusion. The elderly that experience dengue fever may die of severe dengue early or die of secondary infections later. Cardiac arrests can also occur unpredictably at the first aids, which highlight the need of professional and patient education regarding the danger signs that are related to severe dengue in an epidemic setting.

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Dengue epidemic in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1990–1: co-circulation of dengue 1 and dengue 2 serotypes

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800056788 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 111 (1) ◽

pp. 163-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

R. M. R. Nogueira ◽

M. P. Miagostovich ◽

E. Lampe ◽

R. W. Souza ◽

S. M. O. Zagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Virus Isolation ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

The State ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Previous Infection ◽

Dengue Epidemic

SummaryDuring 1990 and 1991, dengue fever was detected in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It occurred in two epidemic waves; one, from January to August 1990, caused predominantly by dengue virus type 1 (DEN-1) the other from October 1990 to May 1991 caused by type 2 virus (DEN-2). Dengue was confirmed by virus isolation and/or IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) in 2109/5964 (35·4%) of the cases. DEN-2 virus was isolated from 180 patients. HAI tests indicated that of these previous infection with DEN-1 had occurred in 130 (72%). The epidemic was classified as dengue fever, but severe and even fatal cases occurred in association with secondary infection.

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The Epidemic Risk of Dengue Fever in Japan: Climate Change and Seasonality

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/6699788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Xia Wang ◽

Hiroshi Nishiura

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Process Model ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Volume Data ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Calendar Time ◽

The Tropics ◽

Epidemic Risk ◽

Dengue Epidemic ◽

Future Outbreak

Dengue fever is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics, and the disease has become a threat to many nonendemic countries where the competent vectors such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are abundant. The dengue epidemic in Tokyo, 2014, poses the critical importance to accurately model and predict the outbreak risk of dengue fever in nonendemic regions. Using climatological datasets and traveler volumes in Japan, where dengue was not seen for 70 years by 2014, we investigated the outbreak risk of dengue in 47 prefectures, employing the temperature-dependent basic reproduction number and a branching process model. Our results show that the effective reproduction number varies largely by season and by prefecture, and, moreover, the probability of outbreak if an untraced case is imported varies greatly with the calendar time of importation and location of destination. Combining the seasonally varying outbreak risk with time-dependent traveler volume data, the unconditional outbreak risk was calculated, illustrating different outbreak risks between southern coastal areas and northern tourist cities. As the main finding, the large travel volume with nonnegligible risk of outbreak explains the reason why a summer outbreak in Tokyo, 2014, was observed. Prefectures at high risk of future outbreak would be Tokyo again, Kanagawa or Osaka, and highly populated prefectures with large number of travelers.

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Development of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in a Patient within 2 Weeks of Contemporaneous Infection of Typhoid Fever and Primary Dengue Fever

Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/akmmcj.v11i1.45672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

Gule Tajkia ◽

Syed Khairul Amin ◽

M Ekhlasur Rahman ◽

Kuntal Roy ◽

Soma Halder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Medical College ◽

Dengue Epidemic

Dengue virus is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. Co-circulation of the four types of dengue viruses and expansion of dengue epidemic give rise to infection enhancement and a big expansion of clinical aspects of the disease. Besides dengue, typhoid fever is an ancient disease, have emerged as major public health problem in developing countries including Bangladesh. Here we report a case of 4 years old boy, who have developed Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever within 2 weeks of contemporaneous infection of Typhoid fever and Primary dengue fever. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 78-81

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Evaluation of the MRL Diagnostics Dengue Fever Virus IgM Capture ELISA and the PanBio Rapid Immunochromatographic Test for Diagnosis of Dengue Fever in Jamaica

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.5.1600-1601.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 1600-1601 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Carol J. Palmer ◽

S. Dorothy King ◽

Raul R. Cuadrado ◽

Eddy Perez ◽

Mariana Baum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Immunochromatographic Test ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Capture Elisa ◽

Dengue Epidemic

We evaluated two new commercial dengue diagnostic tests, the MRL Diagnostics Dengue Fever Virus IgM Capture ELISA and the PanBio Rapid Immunochromatographic Test, on serum samples collected during a dengue epidemic in Jamaica. The MRL ELISA method correctly identified 98% (78 of 80) of the samples as dengue positive, while the PanBio test identified 100% (80 of 80). Both tests were 100% (20 samples of 20) specific.

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Clinical profile of dengue fever in children admitted in a district hospital of South India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200511 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 688

Author(s):

Ramaswami Muthusamy ◽

Palanivel Sengottaiyan

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Rapid Construction ◽

Bleeding Manifestation ◽

Laboratory Investigations ◽

Dengue Epidemic ◽

Body Ache

Background: To assess the clinical profile of dengue fever in children.Methods: In this Prospective observational study 110 patients who admitted in Government District Headquarters Hospital, Namakkal between 1st August 2019 to 31st December 2019 were included. Those patients with confirmed dengue, with IgM dengue antibody positive were included in this study. Detailed history was taken, and clinical examination was performed, and laboratory investigations were done.Results: In this study 110 patients were studied, majority were males. Fever was present in 100% of patients followed by headache, myalgia. The common signs and symptoms of dengue infection were fever, headache, body ache, retro-orbital pain, bleeding manifestations, and rash in 100%, 97.27%, 92.72%, 77.27%, 8.12%, and 60.90%, respectively. In 90 cases platelet count was less than 100,000/cumm of which bleeding manifestation was found in 9 patients. Pleural effusion and ascites were observed in 25 and 15 cases respectively. Hepatomegaly was noted in 19 cases and splenomegaly in 10. Leucopenia was present in 52 cases whereas raised liver enzymes were present in 51 cases. The mortality rate was 0.9%.Conclusions: Dengue epidemic has increased in recent past probably due to unplanned urbanization with rapid construction activities, unhygienic condition and poor sanitation facilities contributing fertile breeding soil for mosquitoes. Early diagnosis and management can decrease mortality and morbidity of illness. Platelet transfusions have little role in management of dengue patients.

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Estimation of the Basic Reproductive Ratio for Dengue Fever at the Take-Off Period of Dengue Infection

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/206131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jafaruddin ◽

Sapto W. Indratno ◽

Nuning Nuraini ◽

Asep K. Supriatna ◽

Edy Soewono

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Early Growth ◽

Infected Mosquito ◽

Transmission Model ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Basic Reproductive Ratio ◽

Early States ◽

Dengue Transmission ◽

Dengue Epidemic

Estimating the basic reproductive ratioR0of dengue fever has continued to be an ever-increasing challenge among epidemiologists. In this paper we propose two different constructions to estimateR0which is derived from a dynamical system of host-vector dengue transmission model. The construction is based on the original assumption that in the early states of an epidemic the infected human compartment increases exponentially at the same rate as the infected mosquito compartment (previous work). In the first proposed construction, we modify previous works by assuming that the rates of infection for mosquito and human compartments might be different. In the second construction, we add an improvement by including more realistic conditions in which the dynamics of an infected human compartments are intervened by the dynamics of an infected mosquito compartment, and vice versa. We apply our construction to the real dengue epidemic data from SB Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, during the period of outbreak Nov. 25, 2008–Dec. 2012. We also propose two scenarios to determine the take-off rate of infection at the beginning of a dengue epidemic for construction of the estimates ofR0: scenario I from equation of new cases of dengue with respect to time (daily) and scenario II from equation of new cases of dengue with respect to cumulative number of new cases of dengue. The results show that our first construction ofR0accommodates the take-off rate differences between mosquitoes and humans. Our second construction of theR0estimation takes into account the presence of infective mosquitoes in the early growth rate of infective humans and vice versa. We conclude that the second approach is more realistic, compared with our first approach and the previous work.

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Dengue transmission risk in a changing climate: Bangladesh could experience a longer dengue fever season in the future

10.1101/2021.05.24.443300 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kishor K Paul ◽

Ian Macadam ◽

Donna Green ◽

David G Regan ◽

Richard T Gray

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Climate Models ◽

Health Planning ◽

Vectorial Capacity ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Health Concern ◽

Changing Climate ◽

The Impact ◽

Dengue Epidemic

Our changing climate is already affecting the transmission of vector borne diseases such as dengue fever. This issue presents a significant public health concern for some nations, such as Bangladesh, which already experience regular seasonal outbreaks of dengue fever under present day conditions. To provide guidance for proactive public health planning to potentially mitigate future infections, we explore the impact of climate change on dengue infections by calculating the change in vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti mosquito at a seasonal level for all regions in Bangladesh under two atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations for the period 2050-2099. For each of the four climate models used, and for both scenarios, our analysis reveals that the annual vectorial capacity remains at a level that would enable potential dengue epidemic transmission in all regions during the time period examined. We found a slight decline in vectorial capacity in half of the regions examined during the last two decades of 21st Century for the lower-concentration scenario, with a pronounced decline in vectorial capacity in all geographic regions beginning in 2060 for the higher-concentration scenario. The likely reason is that in many regions greenhouse warming is leading to temperatures beyond the optimum for mosquito breeding. However, seasonal differences in vectorial capacity dissipate as the climate warms, to the point that there is almost no observable seasonality for the higher-concentration scenario during the last two decades of the century. This suggests the potential for the dengue season to extend all year, with outbreaks occurring at any time. These findings suggest that disease surveillance and control activities would need to be geographically and temporally adapted to mitigate dengue epidemic risk.

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