A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BERGENIA LIGULATA (PAASHANBHEDA) AND ITS ROLE IN THE TREATMENT OF KIDNEY STONE FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Ch Haritha ◽  
D Ramya ◽  
R Naveen ◽  
S V Prasanna ◽  
P Salomi
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Indian Medicine ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Requirements

Bergenia ligulata, a member of the saxifragaceae family, is a well-known Ayurvedic medicine Paashanbheda. Bergenia ligulata is a highly regarded medicinal herb and one of the most well-known examples of controversial drugs in Indian medicine, commonly referred to as "Paashanbheda." This plant is well-known for its ability to dissolve kidney stones. Bergenia comes in three varieties: B. ligulata, B. ciliata and B. stracheyi. Bergenin is the species' key chemical constituent. Many secondary metabolites belonging to coumarins, flavonoids, benzenoids, lactone, fructose, tannins, phenols, and sterols have been discovered in phytochemical studies. Anti-urolithic, antiviral, free radical scavenging, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antipyretic, anti-oxaluria, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-implantation and cardio-protective activities have been observed in crude extracts and isolated compounds from B. ligulata. Bergenin, (+) afzelechin, (+) catechin and -sitosterol were discovered in the plant's phytochemistry. Many pharmacological activities of plants have been studied, including antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antiurolithic and antimalarial. The aim of this review is to present the most current knowledge on botany, Pharmacognosy, conventional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacopoeial requirements, pharmacology of B. ligulata, as well as the biological activities of Bergenin (active constituent from Bergenia ligulata). It covers the information collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via a library and electronic search (Google Scholar and PubMed).

scholarly journals Bioactivity-Guided Extract Optimization of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus Leaves and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phillyrin

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Song ◽  
Da-Eun Jeong ◽  
Mina Lee
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Extracellular Regulated Kinase

The aim of this study was to identify the optimal extraction conditions for leaves of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus. Inhibitory effects of various extracts on NO production were compared. Antioxidant evaluations for total phenol and flavonoid contents were carried out using various extracts of O. fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves obtained under optimal extraction conditions that showed the greatest effect on NO production. The optimal method for extracting O. fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves resulted in an extract named OP OFLE. OP OFLE showed DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Phillyrin (PH) was isolated as a major compound from OP OFLE by HPLC/DAD analysis. OP OFLE and PH reduced inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and HT-29 cells. To determine the signal pathway involved in the inhibition of NO production, a Western blot analysis was performed. Results showed that OP OFLE decreased phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) 1/2 and the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Our results suggest that extracts of O. fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves and its major components have biological activities such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals The Essential Oil and Hydrolats from Myristica fragrans Seeds with Magnesium Aluminometasilicate as Excipient: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anti-inflammatory Activity

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Matulyte ◽  
Aiste Jekabsone ◽  
Lina Jankauskaite ◽  
Paulina Zavistanaviciute ◽  
Vytaute Sakiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Nutmeg Essential Oil

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil has antimicrobial, antiseptic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We have recently demonstrated that hydrodistillation of nutmeg essential oil by applying magnesium aluminometasilicate as an excipient significantly increases both the content and amount of bioactive substances in the oil and hydrolats. In this study, we aimed to compare the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity of hydrolats and essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation in the presence and absence of magnesium aluminometasilicate as an excipient. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method revealed that magnesium aluminometasilicate did not significantly improved antioxidant activity of both essential oil and hydrolat. Antibacterial efficiency was evaluated by monitoring growth of 15 bacterial strains treated by a range of dilutions of the essential oil and the hydrolats. Essential oil with an excipient completely inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, S. mutans (referent), and P. multocida, whereas the pure oil was only efficient against the latter strain. Finally, the anti-inflammatory properties of the substances were assessed in a fibroblast cell culture treated with viral dsRNR mimetic Poly I:C. The essential oil with an excipient protected cells against Poly I:C-induced necrosis more efficiently compared to pure essential oil. Also, both the oil and the hydrolats with aluminometasilicate were more efficient in preventing IL-6 release in the presence of Poly I:C. Our results show that the use of magnesium aluminometasilicate as an excipient might change and in some cases improve the biological activities of nutmeg essential oil and hydrolats.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Effects of Caffeic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Silva ◽  
Nuno Miguel F. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Caffeic acid (CA) and its phenethyl ester (CAPE) are naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids with an interesting array of biological activities; e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytostatic. More recently, several synthetic analogs have also shown similar properties, and some with the advantage of added stability. The actions of these compounds on the cardiovascular system have not been thoroughly explored despite presenting an interesting potential. Indeed the mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of these compounds particularly need clarifying. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on current knowledge about CA and its derivatives in the cardiovascular system. Caffeic acid, CAPE and the synthetic caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) exhibit vasorelaxant activity by acting on the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasorelaxant mechanisms include the increased endothelial NO secretion, modulation of calcium and potassium channels, and modulation of adrenergic receptors. Together with a negative chronotropic effect, vasorelaxant activity contributes to lower blood pressure, as several preclinical studies show. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties contribute to an important anti-atherosclerotic effect, and protect tissues against ischemia/reperfusion injuries and the cellular dysfunction caused by different physico-chemical agents. There is an obvious shortage of in vivo studies to further explore these compounds’ potential in vascular physiology. Nevertheless, their favorable pharmacokinetic profile and overall lack of toxicity make these compounds suitable for clinical studies.

scholarly journals Marine Alkaloids with Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio R. M. Souza ◽  
Wallace P. Bezerra ◽  
Janeusa T. Souto
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Marine Alkaloids ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds with various biological activities. Alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activity are commonly found in terrestrial plants, but there are few records of the identification and characterization of the activity of these compounds in marine organisms such as fungi, bacteria, sponges, ascidians, and cnidarians. Seaweed are a source of several already elucidated bioactive compounds, but few studies have described and characterized the activity of seaweed alkaloids with anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we have gathered the current knowledge about marine alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activity and suggest future perspectives for the study and bioprospecting of these compounds.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY OF CAPPARIS CARTILAGINEA DECNEFROM YEMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Bushra Abdulkarim Moharram ◽  
Hassan M. Al-mahbashi ◽  
Riyadh Saif Ali ◽  
Faten Ali Aqlan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: To investigate phytochemicals and biological activities of Capparis cartilaginea extracts.Methods: The methanolic extracts of leaves, stem and twigs of C. cartilaginea were screened for their phytochemicals. The essential oil of the leaves was hydrodistilled by a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaves extract of C. cartilaginea was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect, using formalin-induced paw edema. The leaves, stem and twig extracts were assessed for their antioxidant activity, using free radical scavenging assay, cytotoxic activity, using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and antibacterial activity, using the microdilution method.Results: All extracts of C. cartilaginea contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, protein, coumarin, phytosterols, bitter principles, phenols and tannins. The essential oil of the leaves was mainly composed of isopropyl isothiocyanate (69.4%), butane,1-isothiocyanate (26.97%) and isobutyl isothiocyanate (3.26%). The leaves extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, significantly inhibited paw edema at the 3rd h (49.1%, 54.0%, respectively) and this effect was comparable to that of diclofenac (58.87%). The leaves extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 91.71 µg/ml. The twigs extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (A549) with IC50 of 57.5 µg/ml. The leaves and stem extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 mg/ml. Conclusion: The leaves extract of C. cartilaginea is a potential source of bioactive compounds that could have a role in anti-inflammation. Twigs extract of the C. cartilaginea possesses a potential cytotoxic effect on human lung cell line.

scholarly journals Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Luciana Rossi ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The objectives of the study were to test the biological activities of peppermint and spearmint oils via (i) measuring in vitro anti-inflammatory effects with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), (ii) determining the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 by analyzing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), (iii) testing their antioxidant activities, and (iv) investigating the antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18+. Briefly, (i) macrophages were seeded at 106 cells/mL and treated (24 h) with mint oils and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The treatments were 2 (0 or 1 μg/mL of LPS) × 5 (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL of mint oils). The supernatants were collected for TNF-α and IL-1β measurement by ELISA; (ii) IPEC-J2 cells were seeded at 5 × 105 cells/mL and treated with mint oils (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). TEER (Ωcm2) was measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h; (iii) the antioxidant activity was assessed (0, 1, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 600 mg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays; (iv) overnight-grown ETEC F18+ were quantified (CFU/mL) after supplementing with peppermint and spearmint oils (0, 1.44, 2.87, 5.75, 11.50, and 23.00 mg/mL). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Both mint oils significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) IL-1β and TNF-α secretion from LPS-stimulated PAMs. Mint oil treatments did not affect TEER in IPEC-J2. Spearmint and peppermint oils exhibited (p < 0.05) strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and reducing power assays. Both mint oils also dose-dependently inhibited (p < 0.05) the growth of ETEC F18+ in vitro. The results of the study indicated that both mint oils are great candidate feed additives due to their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THREE MARINE ALGAE COLLECTED FROM VISAKHAPATNAM COAST

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Lakshmi S
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

  Objective: Determination of biological activities of marine algae collected from the Visakhapatnam coastal region.Methods: Antibacterial activity of algal extracts determined by the well diffusion method, antioxidant activity was determined by reducing power (RP) method and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging method finally anti-inflammatory activity was determined by human red blood cell stabilization method and egg albumin method.Results: Methanolic extracts of three algae have potential inhibition activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Green alga Enteromorpha compressa has better antioxidant activity compared to the Gracilaria arcuata and Ulva fasciata when tested in RP and DPPH method. U. fasciata found good anti-inflammatory activity among the selected three algae.Conclusion: The three tested algae exhibited significant antibacterial and antioxidant activity compared to anti-inflammatory activity. These bioactive compounds containing macroalgae may find their commercial potential in medicine, food, and cosmetic industry

scholarly journals In vitro screening of antioxidant, free radical scavenging and antimicrobial potential of Micrococca mercurialis whole plant extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3251-3262
Author(s):  
Thendral Hepsibha B ◽  
Gayathri Devi R ◽  
Lijitha L
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Scientific Validation

Micrococca mercurialis is widely used for the treatment of sores, skin diseases, cold, fever, rheumatic pain, and infections. The present study aimed to study the antioxidant, free radical scavenging and antibacterial potential different whole plant extracts (aqueous, ethanol, petroleum ether) of Micrococca mercurialis by in vitro methods. The amount of phenols, tannins, flavonoids and Vitamin C were estimated by conventional methods. Free radical scavenging potential was assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays. HRBC membrane-stabilizing study was done to determine its anti-inflammatory property by in vitro method. Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were determined in Micrococca mercurialis extracts. The phytoconstituents in the extracts of Micrococca mercurialis were explored by GC-MS analysis. The extracts of Micrococca mercurialis exhibited varied in vitro antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The GC–MS results confirmed the presence of twenty-nine phytoconstituents totally responsible for the biological activities of Micrococca mercurialis. This pilot study has provided a scientific validation for the folkloric use of Micrococca mercurialis against many infections and diseases.

scholarly journals Neolitsea aciculata Essential Oil Inhibits Drug-Resistant Skin Pathogen Growth and Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammatory Effects of Human Monocyte Leukemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Suk Kim ◽  
Jung Eun Kim ◽  
Chang-Gu Hyun ◽  
Nam Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α

This study examined the chemical composition of Neolitsea aciculata essential oil (NAE) and its biological activities. NAE was obtained by hydrodistillation of N. aciculata leaves collected in Jeju Island and analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer detector. 1-Dodecen-3-yne (12.5%), calarene (11.5%) and elemol (9.5%) were identified as the major components of NAE. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of NAE against skin pathogens were examined to determine the protective properties against acne vulgaris. NAE exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activity against drug-susceptible and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are known as acne-causing bacteria. In addition, NAE reduced the P. acnes-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in THP-1 cells, highlighting its anti-inflammatory effects. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of NAE also revealed moderate antioxidant properties (IC50, 21.3 μL/mL). Overall, NAE is an attractive candidate as an ingredient in skin care products.

scholarly journals FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF MEMECYLAENE NANOEMULSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
ND Rekha ◽  
Dattatri K. Nagesha ◽  
PH Rajasree ◽  
N Shruthi
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The present study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic activities of nanoemulsion of Memecylaene.  Memecylaene was isolated from the leaves of Memecylon malabaricum by using various chromatographic methods. An oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion of Memecylaene was formulated by sonication method using sunflower oil (oil phase), Tween 80 (Surfactant) and Ethanol (co-surfactant). The prepared nanoemulsion was characterized for its droplet size, poly dispersity index and zeta potential. Stability studies were performed and the nanoemulsions were subjected to different biological activities. The formulated nanoemulsion had a particle size range of 52.02 nm to 59.47 nm and zeta potential of -1.27 mV. The enhanced activity of Memecylaene, encapsulated in O/W emulsions is evidenced by the inhibition of phospholipase (PLA2) enzyme and H+, K+ -ATPase and thus showing anti-inflammatory and anti-secretagogues effects. The in vitro anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical and Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Further, the inhibition of the growth of neo vessels formation in the in-vivo model system of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, which is angiogenesis dependent, was also observed. The above findings would help in understanding the putative potential of Memecylaene-loaded nanoemulsion as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Anti-angiogenesis, Anti-oxidant, Gastric (H+ K+), Memecylaene, Nanoemulsion, Phospholipase A2 (PLA2).

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