Oil Recovery on the High Seas

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
High Seas

ABSTRACT Two prototype oil recovery systems currently under construction are described. Design goals for the systems include air transportability, recovery of a complete range of oil types at 2000 gpm in a sea state 4, use with a Coast Guard developed boom and Coast Guard boats and ships. One system utilizes a rotating disc-drum for oil removal. The drum is mounted in a unique catamaran which utilizes inflatable pontoon hull sections. Oil recovery rate is dependent on viscosity, slick thickness, current and wave conditions. In all conditions efficiency is expected to approach 100 percent. The second system utilizes a wave conforming weirbasin. Oil recovery rate is primarily dependent on slick thickness and current. Efficiency is expected to approach 100 percent for all conditions.

DEVELOPING AN OPEN-SEAS SKIMMER

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
R. R. Ayers ◽  
J. P. Fraser ◽  
L. J. Kazmierczak
Keyword(s):  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Storage Vessel ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Further Development

ABSTRACT An open-seas skimming means has been developed which is capable of skimming oil efficiently under typical offshore wind and wave conditions. The key to the effectiveness of this open-seas skimmer is a “quiescent pool” within the skimmer. This quiescent pool is achieved by flow diffusion of the water and oil entering the skimmer and of the water leaving it. The flow-diffusing baffle system floats independent of the catamaran hull support vessel and is hinged in order to conform to waves. Oil removal from the quiescent pool can be achieved by any of a variety of commercially available oil-removal devices such as belt, weir, or floating suction skimmers. Design of the 90-foot-long catamaran hull skimming and oil-storage vessel was based on extensive model tests. Efficient oil collection and recovery is possible at vessel speeds up to 2 knots in either swells or wind-driven seas up to low sea state 4 (18-knot winds, 6-foot significant waves). Typical collection rates of 200 gpm with 80% oil in the collected mixture are projected. Also projected is a retention of the oil encountered at vessel speeds up to 2 knots. The basic concepts used in the open-seas skimmer were initially developed by Shell. Further development of these concepts was sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute.

COMBINED SKIMMER-BARRIER HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM1

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome H. Milgram ◽  
Richard A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The U.S ◽  
High Seas

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of an oil recovery system to be used in conjunction with the U.S. Coast Guard's high seas oil containment barriers. The system was tested at the EPA's OHMSETT facility in 1975. Its oil recovery capability was shown to be good, with promise for yet better recovery when used on a large spill. Operational practicality was demonstrated in sea trials during May 1976, when the barrier was string towed, catenary towed, and moored in a tidal current. Because of the difficulty of handling large or complicated equipment in offshore conditions, a major design criterion was that the system be as simple as possible. Weir skimmers are particularly simple, but collection of more oil than water or air requires that the weirs follow the vertical motion of the waves. Simplicity and efficiency were achieved by utilizing the wave-following ability of the Coast Guard barrier design. Weirs were built into six struts at the center of a length of barrier, so that barrier deployment results in simultaneous skimmer deployment. To recover oil, it is only necessary to attach pump hoses to the barrier. Three double-acting diaphragm pumps are used. These self-priming pumps were specifically designed to pass any debris that can enter through the three-inch diameter suction hoses. Hydraulic drive was chosen so the pumps could be powered by the Coast Guard's ADAPTS diesel-engine-driven hydraulic power units.

LOCKHEED OIL SPILL RECOVERY DEVICE

1971 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrett Bruch ◽  
K.R. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Light Oil

ABSTRACT Tests and analysis of an oil spill recovery device with various oils, under forward way and with waves, established a method for estimating performance and verified forward way scaling to be by the square-foot of the device diameter and oil recovery rate by the 5/2 power. An 8-ft-diameter, 10-ft-long device in sea state 4 and a 2-kt current could recover 8,600 bbls of light oil per day with less than 25 percent additional free water and in calm seas, 17,200 bpd. Within containment booms, 1 to 4 in. of oil are required for maximum recovery. Natural emulsion recovery is double the light oil rate. The device does not create emulsion. Above 2 kts, oil recovery remains maximum while free-sweeping slicks over 1/2-in. thick. With thinner slicks, the rate decreases linearly down to at least 0.01 in. Tests established 70 percent recovery of oil encountered on a single pass. This can be increased by successive passes. Free-sweeping in calm seas is feasible up to 5 kt.

scholarly journals CLEVECO UNDERWATER OIL RECOVERY: REMOVING A 50-YEAR-OLD THREAT1

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 783-788
Author(s):  
Commander John J. Davin ◽  
John A. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT In the late summer of 1995, the U.S. Coast Guard supervised the successful removal of over 340,000 gallons of no. 6 oil from the sunken wreck of the tank barge Cleveco on the bottom of Lake Erie near Cleveland, Ohio. Many challenges were faced in trying to determine the amount of oil in a barge that had sunk 50 years before and was lying upside down and nearly completely buried in 70 feet of water. The salvage contractor and the U.S. Coast Guard overcame many technical problems in developing an effective and low-risk method of oil removal. The solution included the use of a hot-tap drill and phased pumping system to maximize the amount of oil recovered. The underwater operation required many divers and a total force of 55 personnel working together for the 33-day duration. This was the largest operation of its kind in the Great Lakes and offers valuable lessons to others who may encounter similar situations.

Oil, Water, Slag Three Phases Separation Technology of Heavy Aging Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1553-1555
Author(s):  
Meng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Export Quality ◽  
Three Phases

The technology was used for handling heavy aging oil by demulsifier and three phases horizontal scrow centrifuge. Through laboratory and field test, it showed that the water content of the processed aging oil dropped from 50% to 5% below, purity oil recovery rate reached more than 95%, meeting export quality requirements. The technology improved the effective storage capacity of flow station, is of great significance to the safe and steady operation of flow station.

Investigation of organic materials nature on petrol removal from water surfacee

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
I.V. Bacherikova ◽  
◽  
S.B. Grinenko ◽  
L.S. Kuznetsova ◽  
V.O. Zazhigalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Oil Adsorption ◽  
Positive Results

The properties of some organic materials in the removal of oil from water area were studied. It was shown that available materials as technical wool and sintepon can be used as effective sorbents for petroleum removal from water area. The sample mechanical wringing of these sorbents permits to return the part of adsorbed oil for its next use. The dependence of sorption properties (the adsorbed petroleum mass, specific oil adsorption, return of the oil and selectivity of petroleum removal) and petroleum removal from the number of absorption-release cycles was established. It was established that quantity of adsorbed oil decreases in other next step of removal but mass of oil returned increases in the process of mechanical wringing. The regeneration of these adsorbents by flushing in gasoline permits to obtained the initial properties in oil removal from water area. The sorption elements in the form of bags from linen with these materials were prepared. The dependence of the amount of oil removed by these sorption elements from the time of oil clearing of the water area process was determined and the optimal parameters of petroleum removal were established. It was shown that sorption elements on the base of these materials have adsorption capacity equal to 14-16 g of petroleum/g sorbent at selectivity of petroleum removal more than 70 % and oil recovery degree more than 80 % and the possibility their reusable use on oil spill response. The obtained positive results of oil removal from water area permit to propose in extreme cases of oil spills the available industrial products as jerseys, blankest, jackets etc. use successfully for petroleum spill response. The hydrophobization of these elements permits to improve their properties in oil removal from water area. As results of sorption elements modification the increase of adsorbed oil mass and specific petroleum removal at simultaneous increase of returned oil quantity for its next use and oil removal selectivity were established. It was established that synthesized sorption elements not inferior in properties known industrial sorbents for oil removal from water area.

Research and Application of Multi-Slug and Equi-Fluidity Oil Displacement Mechanism

2015 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Jiang Min Zhao ◽  
Tian Ge Li
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Oil Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Swept Volume

In this paper, several aspects of the improvement of the oil recovery were analyzed theoretically based on the mechanism that equi-fluidity enhances the pressure gradient. These aspects include the increase of the flow rate and the recovery rate, of the swept volume, and of the oil displacement efficiency. Also, based on the actual situation, the author designed the oil displacement method with gathered energy equi-fluidity, realizing the expectation of enhancing oil recovery with multi-slug and equi-fluidity oil displacement method.

Extreme Wave Condition at Doggerbank

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Engebretsen ◽  
Sverre K. Haver ◽  
Dag Myrhaug
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
The North ◽  
Wave Conditions

In design of offshore wind turbines, extreme wave conditions are of interest. Usually, the design wave condition is taken as the sea state corresponding to an annual exceedance probability of 2 × 10−2, i.e., a return period of 50 years. A possible location for a future wind farm, consisting of bottom fixed wind turbines, is the Doggerbank area. The water depth in this area varies from about 60 m in the north to about 20 m in the south. The hindcast database NORA10 provides sea state characteristics from 1957 to present over a domain covering Doggerbank. Regarding the deeper areas just north of Doggerbank, this hindcast model is found to be of good quality. Larger uncertainties are associated with the hindcast results as we approach shallower water further south. The purpose of the present study is to compare sea state evolution over Doggerbank as reflected by NORA10 with the results of the commonly used shallow water hindcast model SWAN. The adequacy of the default parameters of SWAN for reflecting changes in wave conditions over a sloping bottom is investigated by comparison with model test results. Extreme wave conditions for two locations 102.5 km apart in a north–south direction are established using NORA10. This is done using both, an all sea states approach and a peak over threshold (POT) approach. Assuming the extremes for the northern position to represent good estimates, the wave evolution southward is analyzed using SWAN. The extreme condition obtained from NORA10 in the northern position is used as input to SWAN and the results from the two hindcast models are compared in the southern position. SWAN seems to suggest a somewhat faster decay over Doggerbank compared to NORA10.

Testing of a High Seas Oil Recovery System

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. March ◽  
Robert L. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
High Seas

Response Based Identification of Critical Wave Scenarios

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther F. Clauss ◽  
Marco Klein ◽  
Carlos Guedes Soares ◽  
Nuno Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Linear Method ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Strip Theory ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Vertical Bending Moment ◽  
Method Approach

In the last years the identification and investigation of critical wave sequences regarding offshore structure responses became one of the main topics in the ocean engineering community. Thereby the area of interest covers the entire field of application spectra at sea — from efficient and economic offshore operations in moderate sea states to reliability as well as survival in extreme wave conditions. For most cases, the focus lies on limiting criteria for the design, such as maximum global loads, maximum relative motions between two or more vessels or maximum accelerations, at which the floating structure has to operate or to survive. These criteria are typically combined with a limiting characteristic sea state (Hs, Tp) or a rogue wave. For the investigation of offshore structures as well as the identification of critical wave sequences, different approaches are available — most of them are based on linear transfer functions as it is an efficient procedure for the fast holistic evaluation. But, for some cases the linear method approach implies uncertainties due to nonlinear response behavior, in particular in extreme wave conditions. This paper presents an approach to these challenges, a response based optimization tool for critical wave sequence detection. This tool, which has been successfully introduced for the evaluation of the applicability of a multi-body system based on the linear method approach, is adjusted to a nonlinear task — the vertical bending moment of a chemical tanker in extreme wave conditions. Therefore a nonlinear strip theory solver is introduced into the optimization routine to capture the nonlinear effects on the vertical bending moment due to steep waves acting on large bow flares. The goal of the procedure is to find a worst case wave sequence for a certain critical sea state. This includes intensive numerical investigation as well as model test validation.

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