IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF AREAS UNUSUALLY SENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE FROM A HAZARDOUS LIQUID RELEASE

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1517-1520
Author(s):  
Christina Sames
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
The Usa

ABSTRACT The Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation is required to identify areas unusually sensitive to environmental damage in the event of a hazardous liquid pipeline accident, in accordance with pipeline safety laws. Pipeline operators that can affect these “unusually sensitive areas” (USAs) must develop and follow an integrity management program to continually assess and evaluate the integrity of the pipeline through internal inspection or pressure testing and data integration and analysis. After extensive consultation and pilot testing with drinking water experts, conservation biologists, government agencies, and other stakeholders, a process has been developed to identify USAs for both drinking water and ecological resources. This process begins by designating and assessing environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs), determining which ESAs are potentially more susceptible to permanent or long-term damage from a hazardous liquid release, and finally identifying filtering criteria to determine which resources can be affected by a release and sustain permanent or long term damage. Filtering criteria for ecological resources consider areas with critically imperiled species, multispecies assemblages, and migratory waterbird concentration areas. Filtering criteria for drinking water resources consider community water supplies that rely on surface water intakes and do not have an adequate alternative source of water, and groundwater wells in aquifers that are at high risk of contamination, as determined by a specific hydrogeological classification, and do not have an adequate alternative source of water. This paper presents the results of a pilot test and technical review of the USA model, the current definition of USAs, and RSPAs goal to map these areas.

scholarly journals Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances pose an equivalent level of concern to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substances under REACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hale ◽  
Hans Peter H. Arp ◽  
Ivo Schliebner ◽  
Michael Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Chemicals Regulation ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
High Concern ◽  
Level Of Concern

Abstract Background Under the EU chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals EC 1907/2006), registrants are not obliged to provide information related to intrinsic substance properties for substances that pose a threat to the drinking water resources. In 2019, perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoic acid (HFPO-DA trade name GenX) were demonstrated to have an equivalent level of concern (ELoC) to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (PBT/vPvB) substances owing to their persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) substance properties and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substance properties, respectively. They were both subsequently identified as substances of very high concern (SVHC) applying Article 57(f) in REACH. This work follows up on this regulatory decision by presenting a science based, conceptual level comparison that all PMT/vPvM substances pose an ELoC to PBT/vPvB substances. Using the two cases named above, as well as 1,4-dioxane, 16 categories were developed to evaluate a) serious effects on human health, b) serious effects on the environment and c) additional effects. 1,4-dioxane has recently been proposed to be classified as Carcinogenic 1B by the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC). The aim was to enable an objective and scientifically justified conclusion that these classes of substances have an equivalent level of concern for the environment and human health. Results In all of the categories related to human health, the environment and other effects, the PMT/vPvM case study substances exhibited comparable effects to PBT/vPvB substances. A difference in the human and environmental exposure pathways of PMT/vPvM and PBT/vPvB substances exists as they vary temporally and spatially. However, effects and impacts are similar, with PMT/vPvM substances potentially accumulating in (semi-)closed drinking water cycles and pristine aquatic environments, and PBT/vPvB substances accumulating in humans and the food chain. Both PMT/vPvM and PBT/vPvB substances share the common difficulty that long term and long-range transport and risk of exposure is very difficult to determine in advance and with sufficient accuracy. Conclusion The registration process of substances under REACH should reflect that PMT/vPvM substances pose an equivalent level of concern to PBT/vPvB substances.

Deriving Drinking Water Resources for Unusually Sensitive Areas

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 825-827
Author(s):  
Joanne N. Halls ◽  
Miles O. Hayes ◽  
Jacqueline Michel ◽  
Christina Sames
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Wellhead Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Filter Criterion

ABSTRACT The Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) of the Department of Transportation is required to identify areas that are unusually sensitive to environmental damage in the event of a hazardous liquid pipeline accident, in accordance with pipeline safety laws (49 U.S.C. Section 60109). Accordingly, workshops were held with regulatory agencies, pipeline operators, and the public during which a process was developed to identify “unusually sensitive areas” (USAs) for drinking water resources. This process, which has been adopted by RSPA, consists of first identifying environmentally sensitive drinking water resources and other primary concerns, and then applying the following five filtering criteria to determine which of the drinking water source locations should be USAs:, Filter Criterion #1. If the public water system is a Transient Noncommunity Water System (TNCWS), the water intakes shall not be designated as USAs. Filter Criterion #2. For Community Water Systems (CWS) and Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems (NTNCWS) that obtain their water supply primarily from surface water sources, and do not have an adequate alternative source of water, the water intakes shall be designated as USAs. Filter Criterion #3. For CWS and NTNCWS that obtain their water primarily from ground water sources, where the source aquifer is identified as a Class I or Class IIa, as defined in Pettyjohn et al. (1991), and do not have an adequate alternative source of water, these wells shall be designated as USAs. The wellhead protection area for each well will be used to define the area of the USA. Filter Criterion #4. For CWS and NTNCWS that obtain their water primarily from ground water sources, where the source aquifer is identified as a Class IIb, IIc, III, or U, as defined in Pettyjohn et al. (1991), these wells shall not be designated as USAs. Filter Criterion #5. For CWS and NTNCWS that obtain their water primarily from ground water sources, where the source aquifer is identified as a Class I or Class IIa, as defined in Pettyjohn et al. (1991), and the aquifer is designated as a sole source aquifer, these wells are also USAs, an area twice the wellhead protection area shall be designated as a USA.

scholarly journals Foreign legislation in the field of drinking groundwater protection (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Daria S. Borisova ◽  
Gennadiy B. Yeremin ◽  
Anton M. Nikulenkov ◽  
Natalya A. Mozzhukhina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
The Usa

The need to protect underground sources of drinking and household water supply. Many reasons, including climatic changes, an increase in anthropogenic pressure, and an increase in the need for drinking water, dictate the need to protect underground sources of drinking and domestic water supply. The USSR was the pioneer in the field of drinking water protection in the world. Already in 1956, USSR put an instruction on the establishment of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) into effect. The United States took the first steps in resolving this issue only seven years later. Along with Soviet developments, the USA and German guidelines are still fundamental and contain fundamental recommendations for groundwater protection. The requirements related to the protection of water intakes in the legislative acts of various states have been implemented at the international level (Directive 2000/60 / EU, Directive 2006/118 / EU), nationally (Australian National Strategy, USA Safe Drinking Water Law, PRC Law on Drinking Water Pollution Prevention and Control) and Local Levels (New Jersey safeguard zone (SGZ) Guidelines). Among the standard features is the allocation of belts in the S with different permitted use regimes: belt I (strict regime) - 10-50 m, belt II -50 days -10 years, belt III - the entire catchment area. Conclusions. Despite the fact that each country uses different approaches to protecting groundwater, in general, there is a similarity in the establishment and organization of SGZ for groundwater intakes, in which certain activities are prohibited or restricted. In the Russian Federation, it seems important to formalize the results of scientific research and existing experience in the protection of underground sources of drinking water supply in the form of Guidelines to allow ensuring optimal management of drinking water resources and preserve the quality of drinking water, to guarantee their availability in the future.

scholarly journals Controlling Lyngbya wollei in three Alabama, USA reservoirs: summary of a long-term management program

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley T. Anderson ◽  
Josh N. Yerby ◽  
Jason Carlee ◽  
West M. Bishop ◽  
Ben E. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Lyngbya Wollei ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Large-scale Lyngbya wollei (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) infestations are increasing throughout the USA and globally and causing significant obstruction of water resource uses. Decision makers and stakeholders encountering this nuisance organism often seek management options. Many approaches to L. wollei management may be ineffective or not applicable to specific field sites. Chemical control with United States Environmental Protection Agency registered algaecides has shown to be effective, although the specific formulation, concentration, and application frequency can all govern efficacy. This study summarizes results from a long-term and adaptive management program on extensive L. wollei infestations in three central Alabama, USA reservoirs (Lay Lake, Jordan Lake and Lake Mitchell) managed by Alabama Power Company. Multiple treatment strategies including numerous algaecides, combinations and addition of surfactants were used in attempts to control the nuisance cyanobacterium and preserve multiple beneficial functions of the resource. Ultimately, operational shift toward one technology, a double-chelated copper algaecide with surfactants and emulsifiers (Captain® XTR) resulted in more efficient and economical control. There were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in historic L. wollei acres requiring treatment through time on each reservoir. Throughout this study period, a 51.4, 88.1 and 94.7% percent decrease in total nuisance acres treated was realized on Lay Lake, Jordan Lake and Lake Mitchell, respectively. The large-scale and long-term dataset presented herein, covering multiple candidate treatment programs, provides valuable information to guide management decisions on other water resources impacted by L. wollei infestations.

Sanctions of the USA and the Policy of Bank of Russia:double Blow to the National Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glazyev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Simultaneous Adoption ◽  
The Eu

This article examines fundamental questions of monetary policy in the context of challenges to the national security of Russia in connection with the imposition of economic sanctions by the US and the EU. It is proved that the policy of the Russian monetary authorities, particularly the Central Bank, artificially limiting the money supply in the domestic market and pandering to the export of capital, compounds the effects of economic sanctions and plunges the economy into depression. The article presents practical advice on the transition from external to domestic sources of long-term credit with the simultaneous adoption of measures to prevent capital flight.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

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