ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

Analysis of abdominal typhoid incidence in the south region of the Kyrgyz Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Zhypara Sataralievna Zakirova
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of typhoid fever in the Kyrgyz Republic and the results of a survey aimed at studying the immune status of the population. It was found that despite the emerging trend of reducing the incidence of typhoid fever, this problem in Kyrgyzstan remains extremely relevant due to high rates that significantly exceed those of developed countries. The leading route of transmission of typhoid fever in the Kyrgyz Republic is water, and the territories at risk are the southern regions of the Republic. A permanent epidemic focus of typhoid fever has been identified in the Jalal-Abad region, where radiation remains an additional factor of negative impact on the population of Mailuu-Suu over the past thirty years against the background of low availability of high-quality drinking water. The effect of the radiation factor is associated with the development of immunological insufficiency, which creates the basis for the formation of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

Epidemiological features of typhoid fever incidence in the uranium biogeochemical zone of the Kyrgyz Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
R. M. Toichuev ◽  
J. S. Zakirova ◽  
S. T. Joldoshev ◽  
R. A. Nadirbekova
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
The Impact

The results of an epidemiological study of typhoid fever in the territory of the uranium biogeochemical zone of the Kyrgyz Republic are presented. The presence of a chronic focus of typhoid fever in the territory of the uranium biogeochemical province with high levels of morbidity has been established. The leading factor in transmission is water, primarily from the Mailuu-Suu river, which is also contaminated with radionuclides. The main feature of typhoid fever in the territory of the uranium biogeochemical province is the registration of cases of diseases throughout the year, which differs from non-polluted areas, where cases are detected only in the warm months. This feature can be associated with the impact of the radiation factor on the pathogen by increasing its resistance, and on the human body by reducing immunological reactivity. This assumption requires more detailed research. For the complete elimination of typhoid fever in the study area, comprehensive measures are required throughout the year, aimed at providing the population with clean drinking water, identifying sources of infection, including bacterial carriers, and their treatment, as well as monitoring bacteriological studies of environmental objects throughout the calendar year.

Transplacental Toxicity and Carcinogenesis Studies in Rats with Hexamethylenetetramine

1970 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Della Porta ◽  
José R. Cabral ◽  
Giorgio Parmiani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
And Control

In a previous paper (Fd Cosmet. Toxicol., 6: 707–715, 1968) it was reported that hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) had no carcinogenic activity in long-term experiments in mice and rats. In the present study, 12 ♀ and 6 ♂ Wistar rats were given 1% HMT in the drinking water starting 2 weeks before mating. The females were kept under treatment during pregnancy and lactation. A similar untreated group of 12 ♀ and 6 ♂ served as control. Twelve treated females and eleven controls became pregnant and gave birth to 124 and 118 babies respectively; no malformations were noted. From these animals, 24 for each sex were continued on the 1% HMT up to the 20th week of age or were kept untreated. The body weight of treated animals was significantly lower than that of controls one, only up to the 9th week of age for the males and up to the 13th week for the females. At the end of the treatment both groups were sacrificed; the weight of organs was identical in the treated and control animals; there were no gross or histological pathology. In a second experiment, rats were given 1% HMT in the drinking water for 3 successive generations, up to the age of 40 weeks in the F1 and F2 groups and of 20 weeks for F3. The three groups were composed of 13 ♂ and 7 ♀, 15 ♂ and 11 ♀, 12 ♂ and 12 ♂, respectively. In addition, a group of 16 ♂ and 16 ♀ descendants of 2% HMT treated parents, were given 2% HMT for 50 weeks. A group of 48 ♂ and 48 ♀ served as untreated controls. All groups were kept under observation for over 2 years of age. No evidence of carcinogenicity was found in any of the HMT-treated groups.

scholarly journals Long-term Effect of Water Pollutants (Heavy Metals) on the Morphofunctional State of the Adult Rat's Pituitary Gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
N. B. Hryntsova ◽  
◽  
A. M. Romanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Experimental Group

In some northern regions of Ukraine there is an increased accumulation of salts of heavy metals in soil and drinking water, which negatively affect the health of the population and become a risk factor for many diseases. The role of the pituitary gland in the regulation of functional disorders of hormonal homeostasis in various pathological conditions is extremely important. The purpose of the study is to study the morphological, morphometric and biochemical rearrangements of the structural components of the adenohypophysis of adult male rats under conditions of long-term exposure to salts of heavy metals. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 24 white adult male rats, which were divided into 1 control and 1 experimental group. The experimental group consisted of rats, which for 90 days consumed ordinary drinking water, saturated with a combination of salts of heavy metals: zinc (ZnSO4 · 7H2O) – 5 mg/l, copper (CuSO4 · 5H2O) – 1 mg/l, iron (FeSO4) – 10 mg/l, manganese (MnSO4 · 5H2O) – 0.1 mg/l, lead (Pb (NO3) 2) – 0.1 mg/l and chromium (K2Cr2O7) – 0.1 mg/l. Results and discussion. Long-term effects on the body of experimental animals of salts of heavy metals caused a pronounced compensatory-adaptive changes in the pituitary gland of experimental animals of hypoxic nature. Morphological changes in the organ were accompanied by plethora of venous bed, deterioration of rheological properties of blood, increase in the area of connective tissue component of the gland, violation of histoarchitectonics of epithelial trabeculae, edema in the parenchyma, increase in linear indicators of the pituitary gland. Toxic effects of salts of heavy metals negatively affected the cellular composition of the adenohypophysis: there was an increase in the number of chromophobes and a decrease in the number of chromophilic acidophiles and basophils compared with control animals. At the same time, the increase in linear parameters, area of nuclei and cytoplasm of adenocytes can be attributed both to their compensatory hypertrophy and due to edema processes in the gland caused by deepening hypoxic effects and impaired blood flow from the organ as a result of venous plethora. Conclusion. Morphometric and biochemical parameters of the structural components of the anterior lobe of the adenohypophysis at 90 days of exposure to salts of heavy metals, of course, indicate a significant stress of adaptive processes by the adenohypophysis in response to stressors (salts of heavy metals)

scholarly journals Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco ◽  
Nelly Molina-Frechero ◽  
Martina Nevárez-Rascón ◽  
Leonor Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
Aida Hamdan-Partida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Digital Search ◽  
Better Than

Fluorides are compounds that can be found in the minerals of soil with volcanic rocks. Different populations are exposed to high levels of fluorides through drinking water that, due to their chronic intake, cause several types of damage to health. Nails and hair, denominated as recent biomarkers, have been employed for monitoring systemic fluoride from long-term exposure to fluorides. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use of recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic fluoride levels in exposed populations and verify their validity in the measurement of the fluorine (F−) concentration within the body. A digital search was performed in the databases PubMed/Medline, Springer Link, Cochrane, and Scopus of original articles that employed recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic F−. Seventeen articles were included in this analysis; the recorded variables were the F− amount in each assessed biomarker, source of exposure, and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI). TDFI was associated with F− in nails and hair, as well as the exposure through drinking water. In conclusion, recent biomarkers are adequate for monitoring the systemic fluoride levels by evaluating the chronic/subchronic exposure through different sources, mainly drinking water, considering nails better than hair for this purpose.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF NITRATES IN URINE AND N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE IN BLOOD AS MARKERS OF THE ORAL EXPOSURE TO NITRATES INTRODUCED WITH DRINKING WATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
N. V. Zaitseva ◽  
T. S. Ulanova ◽  
Tatyana V. Nurislamova ◽  
N. A. Popova ◽  
O. A. Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Nitrate Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Comparison Area ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detector

Introduction. The nitrate entry into the body with drinking water might lead to endogenous nitrotyrosine and N-nitrosamine formation. The study aims to prove quantitative measurement of N-nitrosodimethylamine in blood and nitrates in urine as markers of the exposure to nitrates entering the body with drinking water. Material and methods. Analysis of blood samples for N-nitrosodimethylamine was carried out using Agilent gas chromatograph with quadrupole mass spectrometric detector. When preparing blood samples, an automatic system for solid extraction Sepaths was used. Studies of urine samples for nitrates were carried out using the system of capillary electrophoresis “Kapel”. The target audience includes two groups. Children consuming drinking water with nitrate level exceeding hygienic norm by 1.2 times and N-nitrosodimethylamine level exceeding by 1.6 times. The second group included children consuming drinking water of satisfactory quality. The establishment of cause-effect relationships is carried out using the package of applied programs Statistica 6.0. Results. The nitrate level in drinking water of target area was 51.7 mg/dm3, what is by 4.7 times higher than in comparison area of 10.9 mg/dm3. The N-nitrosodimethylamine level was at the level of 0.016 mg/dm3, which is by 2.5 higher than in the comparison area of 0.0065 mg/dm3. Discussion. The long-term exposure to nitrate and N-nitrosodimethylamine in the drinking water was found out to form in the children’s blood of first group the N-nitrosodimethylamine accounted of 0.0045±0.0014 mg/dm3 i.e. by 1.5 times higher in comparison with the second group (0.003±0.0009 mg/dm3). In the urine of children from the first group, the nitrates were by 1.5 times more than in the urine of children in the second group. Experimental studies proved that the concentration of nitrates in the urine and N-nitrosodimethylamine in the blood might be considered as markers of the oral exposure and correspond to the permitted level for nitrates in the urine of 43.7 mg/dm3 and N-nitrosodimethylamine in the blood of 0.003 mg/dm3 when nitrate concentration in drinking water is from of 45-51.7 mg/dm3 and N-nitrosodimethylamine from of 0.01-0.016 mg/dm3.

Design of Remote Control Juvenile Healthy Smart Pillow

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Huadong Zhou ◽  
Xuran He ◽  
Jiaheng Yang ◽  
Lifan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Body Resistance

<p>High-quality modern life results in many unique diseases of modern people, cervical spondylosis, sleep disorders. Adolescents lack of sleep have a negative impac on the students themselvest. Not only it will reduce the body resistance, prone to a variety of diseases, but also it make learning when the spirit is not concentrated, attention is decreased, thus affecting the learning state. Long-term lack of sleep will lead to psychological problems, a potential threat is formed to the physical and mental health of young people. To this end, based on WeChat platform, a young people's health intelligence pillow is designed, it can be remotely controned.</p>

scholarly journals Social aspects role and the behavior of drinking water among students in a private university

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Sitti Nur Djannah ◽  
Ratu Matahari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Private University ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Tract Infections

Lack of consuming drink water can cause many effects on the body. The long term effects of less consuming water dangerous for health. The diseases related to the less consuming water are respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal disease, urinary infections, cancer, diabetic, kidney disease, and also others metabolic disorders. Those diseases affected to the financial burden due to this situation. It happens because of some factors, many studies mentioned about the behavior of drinking water among adolescents in school affected by some sociodemographic and behavioral factors. This study shows that most of respondents have a bad habit to keep their health kidney it is evident that the majority of respondents have urine color that tends to concentrated which is categorized as unhealthy urine. The limitation of the study was not measure the amount of drink water consuming for each respondents per day.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

Iron Metabolism in the Human Body and Setting its Hygienic Limits for Drinking Water. Review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Natalija A. Egorova ◽  
N. V. Kanatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Labile Iron Pool

Iron is an assential element for the growth, division, differentiation and functioning of any cell in the body. Iron is virtually important for human and danger at the same time, because with excessive accumulation it causes oxidative stress with formation of highly active oxygen radicals and reactive form of nitrogen that can destroy cell membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, reduce cell viability, with, according to modern concepts, can contribute to the development of many diseases (cardiovascular, rheumatic, gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative, oncological, metabolic and others), and also accelerate the aging process. Part 1 of this review discussed the issues of iron metabolism in human, including its regulation at the cellular and systemic levels, the intake, transport, use, accumulation and export of iron in cells, the role of the labile iron pool in the cytoplasm of cells and plasma non-transferrin bound iron. Data are provided on the causes, frequency and significance of iron overload in the formation of free radicals and the development of oxidative stress. Part 2 of the review provides information on diseases associated with iron overload as well as information on ferroptosis - a new type of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Attention is paid to the works of domestic authors, where it was found that prolonged use of drinking water with a high iron content is unfavorable for the population and leads to an increase in the overall incidence, the development of the diseases of the blood, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, urogenital system, and allergic diseases. Separate publications are cited on the possibility of a negative effect of iron at concentrations in water of 0.3 mg/l and lower. The material of the review emphasizes the preventive significance of caution attitude to regulating iron in the water in the Russian Federation, where 1/3 of the population uses iron-containing water for drinking, and substantiate the feasibility of establishing a hygienic limit for iron in water not higher than 0.3 mg/l.

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