California Marine Oil Spill Fisheries Closure: Key Processes of the Department of Fish and Game (DFG), Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR), During a Fisheries Closure Event

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. abs101
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Faurot-Daniels ◽  
Julie T. Yamamoto ◽  
Randy H. Imai ◽  
Susan A. Klasing
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Spreading Rate ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emergency Decision ◽  
National Marine Fisheries Service ◽  
Closure Decisions ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Determining whether to close a commercial, recreational, or subsistence fishery after an oil spill is a difficult emergency decision that must be made quickly by California state authorities. California state law now states that fisheries affected by a spill must be closed within 24 hours of a spill of one barrel (42 gallons) or more of oil, unless it can be determined that the actual risk is non-existent or has been mitigated. However, assessing the amount of oil truly spilled, the status of spilled oil containment versus spreading rate, and determining which fisheries are in the potential path of oil are all confounding factors. While the goal of the law is to protect people from consuming fish or shellfish that exceed established petroleum contaminant thresholds, caution is used to make sure fisheries are not closed unnecessarily. The California fishery closure protocol articulates the separate, specific, and coordinated roles and responsibilities of the Department of Fish and Game (DFG) and the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). These protocols are internal to the two involved California state agencies, and are separate from any fishery closure decisions that might be made by the National Marine Fisheries Service for spills in federal waters.

Spill Response Decision-Making in Relation to Wildlife Resources and Oil Spill Applied Technologies

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Debra Scholz ◽  
Steven R. Warren ◽  
Heidi Stout ◽  
Gregory Hogue ◽  
Ann Hayward Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
National Marine Fisheries Service ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT During a response to spilled oil or hazardous material, the protection, retrieval, and rehabilitation of affected wildlife is the jurisdiction of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the US Department of Interior (DOI), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and the affected state resource trustees. Only permitted and trained individuals (Qualified Wildlife Responders - QWR) are allowed to directly handle the affected wildlife. QWRs are familiar with a wide range of actions that can be taken to minimize the adverse effects of spilled oil on fish and wildlife resources and their habitats. However, decision-makers and QWRs are not always familiar with the effects that various oil spill products and technologies may have on different wildlife resources. Applied oil spill products and technologies are listed under the National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule (40 CFR § 300.317) and are the focus of the Selection Guide for Oil Spill Applied Technologies. These applied oil spill products and technologies are relatively unknown and most decision-makers have limited experience in their use. To facilitate greater understanding of these products and technologies, the Selection Guide assists the decision-maker to evaluate the various spill response products and technologies for potential or suspected impacts to the environment, workers, and natural resources. Of particular interest is the evaluation of the use of various oil spill response

scholarly journals OIL SPILL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION (“SUPERFUND”)

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Compensation System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Adequate Coverage ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Double Coverage ◽  
Compensation Law

ABSTRACT The subjects under consideration are the liability imposed upon shippers, producers, refiners, and other handlers of oil, and the compensation monies available to persons damaged from oil spills. The liability and compensation system in existence today is one that provides little or no coverage in some instances, adequate coverage in some instances, and double coverage in still other instances. It has been correctly described as a “patchwork.” In the past three years, concerted efforts have been made by industry, government, and environmentalists to legislate improvements to the system. An attempt to enact a comprehensive oil spill liability and compensation law made substantial progress in the last Congress. This paper reviews the system as it now exists, the problems caused by the existing system, the proposed legislative changes, and the status of the legislation today.

scholarly journals OIL SPILL FORECASTING—WHERE IS IT GOING?1

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan M. Lissauer ◽  
Donald L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Horizontal Transport ◽  
Vertical Dispersion ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The methods used to forecast the movement of spilled oil have not changed significantly since the Argo Merchant spill. Little has been done to improve the deficiencies brought to light during this incident. Some of the deficiencies in the state-of-the-art are examined here, particularly those related to our incomplete knowledge of the physical mechanisms involved in oil spill movement. A basic framework for the development of an improved forecasting system is presented. It is based on the integration of a horizontal transport model, an evaporation model, and a vertical dispersion model.

The OSSA II Pipeline Oil Spill: the Character and Weathering of the Spilled Oil

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S Douglas ◽  
Edward H Owens ◽  
Jeffery Hardenstine ◽  
Roger C Prince
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Spilled Oil

scholarly journals Five Years Later: An Update on the Status of Collections of Endemic Gulf of Mexico Fishes Put at Risk by the 2010 Oil Spill

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e8728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosanta Chakrabarty ◽  
Glynn O’Neill ◽  
Brannon Hardy ◽  
Brandon Ballengee
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals MODELING THE WIND INFLUENCE IN AN OIL SPILL ALONG THE SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN SHELF

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
C. E. Stringari ◽  
W. C. Marques ◽  
L. F. Mello ◽  
R. T. Edit
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Local Wind ◽  
Wind Influence ◽  
Oil Density ◽  
Environmental Agencies ◽  
Spilled Oil

Oil spills can generate different effects in different time scales on the marine ecosystem. The numerical modeling of this process is an important tool with low computational cost which provides a powerful appliance to environmental agencies regarding the risk management. In this way, the objective of this work is evaluate the local wind influence in a hypothetical oil spill along the Southern Brazilian shelf. The numerical simulation was carried using the ECOS model (Easy Coupling Oil System), an oil spill model developed at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, coupled with the tridimensional hydrodynamical model TELEMAC3D (EDF, France). The hydrodynamic model provides the velocities, salinity and temperature fields used by the oil spill model to evaluate the behavior and fate of the oil. The results suggest that the local wind influence are the main forcing driven the fate of the spilled oil. The direction and intensity of the currents are important controlling the behavior and the tridimensional transportation of the oil, on the other hand, the turbulent diffusion is important for the horizontal drift of the oil. The weathering results indicate 40% of evaporation and 80% of emulsification, and the combination of these processes leads an increasing of the oil density around 53.4 kg/m³ after 5 days of simulation.

scholarly journals Influence of Tidal Current, Wind, and Wave in Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Ho Lee ◽  
Tag-Gyeom Kim ◽  
Yong-Hwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Tidal Current ◽  
Stokes Drift ◽  
Wind Drift ◽  
Drift Current ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Efdc Model ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Environmental Fluid ◽  
Good Agreement

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three external forces (tidal current, wind, and waves) on the movement of oil spilled during the Hebei Spirit oil spill accident. The diffusion of the spilled oil was simulated by using a random walk (RW) model that tracks the movement caused by advection-diffusion assuming oil as particles. For oil simulation, the wind drift current generated by wind and tidal current fields were computed by using the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) model. Next, the wave fields were simulated by using the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) model, and the Stokes drift current fields were calculated by applying the equation proposed by Stokes. The computed tidal currents, wind drift currents, and Stokes drift currents were applied as input data to the RW model. Then, oil diffusion distribution for each external force component was investigated and compared with that obtained from satellite images. When the wind drift currents and Stokes drift currents caused by waves were considered, the diffusion distribution of the spilled oil showed good agreement with that obtained from the observation.

scholarly journals Modeling and analysis of a catastrophic oil spill and vapor cloud explosion in a confined space upon oil pipeline leaking

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhu Zhang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Y. Frank Cheng ◽  
Jian Shuai
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Oil Spilling

Abstract Oil spill-induced vapor cloud explosions in a confined space can cause catastrophic consequences. In this work, investigation was conducted on the catastrophic pipeline leak, oil spill, and the resulting vapor cloud explosion accident occurring in China in 2013 by modeling analysis, field surveys, and numerical simulations. The total amount of the spilled oil was up to 2044.4 m3 due to improper disposal. The long residence time of the oil remaining in a confined space permitted the formation of explosive mixtures and caused the vapor cloud explosion. A numerical model was developed to estimate the consequence of the explosion based on volatilization testing results. The results show that the death-leading zone and the glass-breaking zone could be 18 m and 92 m, respectively, which are consistent with the field investigation. The severity of the explosion is related to the amount of the oil spill, properties of oil, and volatilization time. It is recommended that a comprehensive risk assessment be conducted to analyze the possible consequences upon oil spilling into a confined space. Prompt collection and ventilation measures should be taken immediately after the spill occurs to reduce the time for oil volatilization and prevent the mixture from reaching its explosive limit.

“An Inevitable Consequence:” Changing Ideas of Prevention in the Wake of Catastrophic Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-438
Author(s):  
TERESA SABOL SPEZIO
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
The Face ◽  
Policy Transformation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
Spilled Oil

AbstractIn the face of technology failures in preventing oil from reaching beaches and coasts after catastrophic oil spills in the 1960s and early 1970s, the oil industry and governmental officials needed to quickly reconsider their idea of prevention. Initially, prevention meant stopping spilled oil from coating beaches and coasts. Exploring the presentations at three oil-spill conferences in 1969, 1971 and 1973, this idea of prevention changed as the technological optimism of finding effective methods met the realities of oil-spill cleanup. By 1973, prevention meant stopping oil spills before they happened. This rapid policy transformation came about because the oil industry could not hide the visual evidence of the source of their technology failures. In this century, as policymakers confront invisible pollutants such as pesticides and greenhouse gases, considering ways to visually show the source of the pollution along with the effects could quicken policy decisions.

scholarly journals Gender and Modernization in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülin Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Words Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

This article aims to explain gender equality in Turkey. The gender concept which implies socially determined roles and responsibilities of men and women varies across different societies and in time. The gender is determined by multiple factors. Besides gender has an impact on every period of life in different ways. There can be inequality in using the opportunities, allocation and utilization of resources, accessing the services because of gender. Women have more disadvantages and lower social statuses compared with men are influenced much negative from so-called inequalities. Several reforms have been carried out since beginning of Turkish Republic in order to provide gender equality. These reforms aim to boost the woman’s economic, cultural and social development. However, today sex based inequality is one of the foremost current problems, although these reforms. When the status of woman in Turkey is examined, it is observed that education level of woman has low and involvement in business life is inadequate. Together with this fact, it is obvious that woman could not exceed gender role despite legal reforms in Turkey and take its place in political area. However, fertility conscious of women started to increase. Therefore, the rates of fertility decrease. To sum up, it was observed that today there are many stages in order to reach the level desired in regard to provide gender equality.   Key Words: Gender in Turkey, Gender equality, The Status of Women in Turkey.

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