scholarly journals Identifying local oil spill risk factors: An application of Hazard Identification within the International Maritime Organization Formal Safety Assessment framework in Washington State

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kirk ◽  
Sara Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment

Abstract Number 677002 Oil spills from commercial vessels are low probability, high consequence events that threaten economic, ecological, cultural, and natural resources. Washington State Department of Ecology Spill's Program (Ecology) has a robust risk assessment program that focuses on identifying and reducing oil spill risks to Washington waters. In 2017-2018, Ecology developed and implemented a novel application of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Formal Safety Assessment process to lead a collaborative Hazard Identification for oil spill risk in Grays Harbor, Washington. This use of the IMO Formal Safety Assessment Process to assess oil spill risk was a first for Washington State and appears to be unique among US state governments. Working with area tribes, government agencies, and stakeholders, Ecology modified the IMO Formal Safety Assessment process to focus on local factors that could contribute to oil spill risks. Ecology facilitated structured brainstorming discussions during two workshops to complete Hazard Identification. Focusing on local factors fostered collaborative discussion among workshop participants, and allowed the process to benefit from local expertise about the characteristics of waterway and operational practices. The workshops resulted in the identification of 43 local factors related to oil spill risks, 34 recommendations to reduce risks based on current vessel traffic, and 10 recommendations to consider if vessel traffic increases in the future. The recommendations from this assessment are directly informing operations in Grays Harbor; in 2019, the Grays Harbor Safety Committee voted to adopt the risk assessment final report as an addendum to their Harbor Safety Plan. Ecology is also working with area tribes, government agencies, and stakeholders to review and prioritize the risk assessment recommendations with a goal of developing implementation plans for selected measures. This application of the IMO Formal Safety Assessment process represents a repeatable, scalable, and defensible method for conducting oil spill risk assessments. Ecology plans to use this process in other state waterways, and invites other organizations to consider adopting these methods. The presentation will walk through how to apply this process for localized waterway risk assessments and discuss best practices for success. Additionally, Ecology will discuss new risk analysis initiatives directed by the Washington State Legislature, including development of a quantitative model for evaluating oil spill risk and the potential effect of risk reduction measures.

Integrated Navigation System Safety Assessment Methodology

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-435
Author(s):  
A. Raffetti ◽  
F. Marangon ◽  
F. Zuccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Integrated Navigation System ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment

This paper was first presented at the NAV99/ILA28 Conference on ‘Loran-C, Satellite and Integrated Systems for the 21st Century’ held at Church House, Westminster, London from 1–3 November 1999.The introduction of modern navigation systems highlights the need for efficient tools to assess the possible impact of these systems on the safety levels currently associated with the operation of a ship. In recent years this has led to investigation of the advanced safety/risk assessment techniques already applied in other industrial sectors, with encouraging results. The scope of this paper is to show a quantified safety assessment methodology that can be applied while designing or retrofitting navigation systems. The methodology adopted is the result of the review of the IMO Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) technique and comprises the development of a functional analysis, a hazard identification analysis and a risk assessment. The paper provides details on a specific application of this model to an integrated navigation system. This application is included in the work performed under the ATOMOS II research project, partly funded by the DGVII Directorate of the European Commission within the 4th Framework Programme in the field of Maritime Transport.

Challenges and Developments in Navigational Risk Assessment With Large Uncertainty

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Jinfen Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Carlos Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Event Tree Analysis ◽  
General Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Belief Rule Base

Concerns have been raised to navigational safety worldwide because of the increasing throughput and the passing ships during the past decades while maritime accidents such as collisions, groundings, overturns, oil-spills and fires have occurred, causing serious consequences. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been acknowledged to be a framework widely used in maritime risk assessment. Under this framework, this paper discusses certain existing challenges when an effective safety assessment is carried out under a variety of uncertainties. Some theories and methodologies are proposed to overcome the present challenges, e.g., Fault/Event Tree Analysis (FTA/ETA), Evidential Reasoning (ER), Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) and Belief Rule Base (BRB). Subsequently, three typical case studies that have been carried out in the Yangtze River are introduced to illustrate the general application of those approaches. These examples aim to demonstrate how advanced methodologies can facilitate navigational risk assessment under high uncertainties.

The Risk Assessment Enhancement Process at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

2021 ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Rania Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Process System ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Federal Deposit Insurance

Supervisory banking institutions are often daunted by the volume and complexity of the data received on a regular basis from filer banks. Chief technology officers and data strategists face challenges as they strive to implement a technology that could facilitate the data collection and processing to produce secure, timely and reliable information for decision making purpose. Technology selection might be a concern for adopting government agencies, but the methodology of developing and implementing technologies could present a bigger challenge. This is due to the fact that government agencies may not adapt easily to new technologies in a timely fashion or accommodate further developments to their current systems while operating under strict budget. To strengthen its bank supervisory role and develop its bank examination applications, the FDIC decided to adopt The Rational Unified Process System Methodology, known as the RUP®. The chapter examines how the FDIC followed the RUP® to develop an existing bank examination tool application to support its risk assessment process.

scholarly journals Risk assessment for chemical substances: the link between toxicology and public health

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. R. Paumgartten
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Risk Assessment Process ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

Virtually all chemical substances may cause adverse health effects, depending on the dose and conditions under which individuals are exposed to them. Toxicology - the study of harmful effects of chemicals on living organisms - provides the scientific data base on which risk assessment of adverse health effects stands. Risk assessment (RA) is the process of estimating the probability that a chemical compound will produce adverse effects on a given population, under particular conditions of exposure. Risk assessment process consists of four stages: Hazard Identification (HI), Exposure Assessment (EA), Dose-Response Assessment (DRA), and Risk Characterization (RC). The risk assessment process as a whole makes it possible to carry out cost(risk)/benefit analysis, and thus risk management, on a rational basis. A capacity to undertake risk assessment is thus sine qua non for making decisions that are concerned with achieving a balance between economic development and adequate protection of public health and the environment.

Formal Safety Assessment and Goal Based Regulations at IMO: Lessons Learned (Invited Lecture)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Skjong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
International Association ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment

In the maritime industry the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the UN organization responsible for developing international safety and environmental protection regulations. IMO has now developed the second version of ‘Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for use in the IMO rule making process’. The Guidelines are available as circulars both from the Marine Safety Committee (MSC) and the Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC). This standard is, as far as the author knows, the first risk assessment standard adopted in an UN organization. The work with developing this standard was initiated in 1995 at IMO based on an UK initiative. As there have been some attempts to develop internationally accepted risk assessment and risk management standards also in other industries, this paper tries to describe some of the experience and lessons learned from developing and implementing FSA at IMO. Paralleling the development of the guidelines there has been a number of applications of the guidelines, recently focusing on bulk carrier safety. Relevant studies have been carried out by UK, by Japan, by Norway and International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), and by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). These studies will be briefly reviewed with respect to methods used, assumptions made and conclusions drawn. The entire process from the initial terms of reference formulated by IMO to the final decisions is considered. The main conclusion is that the maritime industry has made a lot of progress, quite fast, in the use of risk assessment as part of the decision making process. This being the case, despite the many communication problems that arises in discussing risk issues in international forums. Furthermore, the FSA has helped balancing the often conflicting interest of the flag states and non-governmental organizations present in IMO. In 2004, a new initiative was taken on developing Goal Based Standards at IMO. This initiative was taken by Greece and Bahamas, and has now been debated at three meetings of MSC. The paper will also discuss the relationship between GBS and FSA based on the experience gained.

scholarly journals Automatic Risk Control Based on FSA Methodology Adaptation for Safety Assessment in Intelligent Buildings

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Mikulik ◽  
Mirosław Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Intelligent Buildings ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
The World

Automatic Risk Control Based on FSA Methodology Adaptation for Safety Assessment in Intelligent BuildingsThe main area which Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology was created for is maritime safety. Its model presents quantitative risk estimation and takes detailed information about accident characteristics into account. Nowadays, it is broadly used in shipping navigation around the world. It has already been shown that FSA can be widely used for the assessment of pilotage safety. On the basis of analysis and conclusion on the FSA approach, this paper attempts to show that the adaptation of this method to another area—risk evaluating in operating conditions of buildings—is possible and effective. It aims at building a mathematical model based on fuzzy logic risk assessment with different habitat factors included. The adopted approach lets us describe various situations and conditions that occur in creating and exploiting of buildings, allowing for automatic control of the risk connected to them.

Meeting the Geohazards Management Guidelines of Annex N

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Zaleski ◽  
Tom Greaves ◽  
Jan Bracic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Integrity Management

The Canadian Standards Association’s Publication Z662-07, Annex N provides guidelines for pipeline integrity management programs. Government agencies that regulate pipelines in Alberta, British Columbia and other Canadian jurisdictions are increasingly using Annex N as the standard to which pipeline operators are held. This paper describes the experience of Pembina Pipeline Corporation (Pembina) in implementing a geohazards management program to fulfill components of Annex N. Central to Pembina’s program is a ground-based inspection program that feeds a geohazards database designed to store geotechnical and hydrotechnical site information and provide relative rankings of geohazard sites across the pipeline network. This geohazard management program fulfills several aspects of the Annex, particularly: record keeping; hazard identification and assessment; risk assessment and reduction; program planning; inspections and monitoring; and mitigation. Pembina’s experience in growing their geohazard inventory from 65 known sites to over 1300 systematically inspected and catalogued sites in a span of approximately two years is discussed. Also presented are methods by which consultants and Pembina personnel contribute to the geohazard inspection program and geohazard inventory, and how the ground inspection observations trigger follow-up inspections, monitoring and mitigation activities.

scholarly journals GM organisms and the EU regulatory environment: allergenicity as a risk component

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard V. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Gm Crop ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Food And Feed

The European Food Safety Authority, following a request from the European Commission, has published a guidance document for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed to assist in the implementation of provisions of Regulation (EC) 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and Council on GM food and feed. This regulation has applied since 18 April 2004. In principle, hazard identification and characterisation of GM crops is conducted in four steps: characterisation of the parent crop and any hazards associated with it; characterisation of the transformation process and of the inserted recombinant DNA, including an assessment of the possible production of new fusion proteins or allergens; assessment of the introduced proteins (toxicity, allergenicity) and metabolites; identification of any other targetted and unexpected alterations in the GM crop, including changes in the plant metabolism resulting in compositional changes and assessment of their toxicological, allergenic or nutritional impact. In relation to allergenicity specifically, it is clear that this property of a given protein is not intrinsic and fully predictable but is a biological activity requiring an interaction with individuals with a predisposed genetic background. Allergenicity, therefore, depends on the genetic diversity and variability in atopic human subjects. Given this lack of complete predictability it is necessary to obtain, from several steps in the risk-assessment process, a cumulative body of evidence that minimises any uncertainty about the protein(s) in question.

scholarly journals An Approach to Health and Safety Assessment in Industrial Parks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3646
Author(s):  
Fco. Javier García-Gómez ◽  
Cristina González-Gaya ◽  
Víctor Fco. Rosales-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Know How ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Design Construction

Safety is a fundamental aspect to take into account in the design, construction and operation of industrial parks. Therefore, it is important to know how to deal with safety in this type of facility, and how to deal with risk analysis. This document provides information related to the industrial park risk assessment process to improve the health and safety of workers in these places. A search and consultation of references related to occupational health and safety management systems is carried out, and it is found that, although there is adequate protection, both in relation to the safety of workers in industrial parks and the safety of personnel outside the facilities, it is helpful to establish a health and safety risk assessment to identify hazards and hazardous events, evaluate associated risks, and select techniques or strategies (opportunities) to manage those risks after prioritization. Following the implementation of the selected techniques, their effectiveness can then be monitored in order to avoid incidents. This document can be a model for future implementation of a health and safety management system based in ISO 45001:2018.

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