Effect of Post Emergent Herbicides on Centaurea diluta Aiton Infecting Wheat in Ouazzane Region - Morocco

High infestations of Centaurea diluta (Lesser star-thistle) become a serious problem to cereal farmers in Ouazzane region of Morocco. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three post-emergent herbicides on C. diluta infestation in a soft wheat crop. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each block contained 4 elementary plots, 3 plots of which were treated with the three post emergent herbicides and the untreated plots serving as control. Trials were conducted in Ouazzane region of Morocco in January 2017. Treatments were carried out with a knapsack sprayer with the nozzle delivering a 3 bar jet. Calculation of reduction of biomass in C. diluta was carried out at weed research laboratory of INRA-CRRA Tangier in March 2017 using an oven at 75ºC for 48 hours. The weights were then taken using a precision balance. A quadrant of 1 m2 was used to calculate the reduction of density in C. diluta. Results showed that treatment with Aminopyralid + Florasulam at (9.9 + 4.95) g/ha and 2,4-D at 600 g/ha gave the best control of C. diluta infestations. In fact, Aminopyralid + Florasulam at (9.9+4.95) g/ha recorded 88±4.1%, 86±5.1% and 97±1.6% respectively on reduction of density, height and biomass in C. diluta. 2,4-D at 600 g/ha recorded 75±3.1%, 84±4.2% and 94±2.5% respectively on reduction of density, height and biomass in C. diluta. Tribenuron-methyl at 9.50 g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies recording 25±4.9%, 21±4.8% and 37±8.1% respectively on reduction of density, height and biomass in C. diluta. Thus, Aminopyralid + Florasulam at (9.9+4.95) g/ha and 2,4-D at 600 g/ha could be recommended to farmers in Ouazzane region when C. diluta infestation is dominant on wheat. A further assessment of Aminipyralid and Florasulam residues in soil and their phytotoxicities should be evaluated on other crops grown in rotations.

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Effect of Florasulam and 2,4-D on Fineleaf Fumitory (Fumaria parviflora Lam.) Infestation in Wheat Crop

Archives of Current Research International ◽

10.9734/acri/2019/v19i130150 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

B. Hajjaj ◽

A. El Oualkadi ◽

H. Tantaoui ◽

M. Chentouf

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Height Reduction ◽

Density Reduction ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Knapsack Sprayer ◽

Crops Yield ◽

Precision Balance ◽

Biomass Reduction

Aims: High infestations of Fumaria parviflora (Fineleaf fumitory) may led to cereal crops yield reduction. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mixture of Florasulam and 2,4-D on F. parviflora infestation in a soft wheat crop. Study Design: The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each block contained 4 elementary plots, 3 plots of which were treated with three rates of application of mixture of Florasulam and 2.4-D and one untreated control plot. Place and Duration of Study: Trials were conducted in Ouazzane region of Morocco in January 2017. Calculation of dry F. parviflora biomass was carried out at weed research laboratory of INRA-CRRA Tangier in March 2017. Methodology: Treatments were carried out with a knapsack sprayer with the nozzle delivering a 3 bar jet. A quadrant of 1 m x 1 m was used to calculate percentage of F. parviflora density reduction, height reduction and biomass reduction. F. parviflora dry biomass were determined using an oven at 75ºC for 48 hours. Then, weighed with a precision balance. Results: Treatment with mixture of Florasulam and 2,4-D respectively at 5.63 and 270 g/ha gave the best control of F. parviflora infestations. In fact, “Florasulam+2,4-D” at (5.63+270) g/ha recorded 85±3.1%, 81±2.5% and 92±3.1% respectively on F. parviflora density reduction, F. parviflora height reduction and F. parviflora dry biomass reduction. “Florasulam+2,4-D” at (3.75 +180) g/ha recorded 66±5.3%, 63±4.7% and 74±2.6% respectively on F. parviflora density reduction, F. parviflora height reduction and F. parviflora dry biomass reduction. Florasulam + 2,4-D at (1.88+90) g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies 45±10.4%, 22±9.5% and 45±11.4% respectively on F. parviflora density reduction, F. parviflora height reduction and F. parviflora dry biomass reduction. Conclusion: «Florasulam+2,4-D» at (5.63+270) g/ha could be recommended to farmers in Ouazzane region when F. parviflora infestation is dominant on wheat. A further assessment of «Florasulam+2,4-D» residues in soils and their phytotoxicities should be evaluated on other crops grown in rotations.

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Growth and productivity study of ten genotypes of the soft wheat crop

10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.24 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 298-315

Author(s):

AbdulHalim R. Indoush ◽

Idris B. Al-Harash

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Seed Index ◽

Silty Clay Soil ◽

Private Farm

A field experiment was conducted in a private farm with silty clay soil at Suluq region, during the 2017/2018 agricultural season, to study the growth and productivity of ten genotypes of the soft wheat crop under Suluq conditions. This study was carried out with the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The cultivars (Acsad 901, Express, Khuraisi, Sabha, Bushey, Abu Al-Joud, Sidi Al-Masry, Jarmah, Salambo and Research 208) were randomly distributed in the experimental area of 6 m2. The results showed the superiority of the cultivars Express, Acsad 901, Jarmah as cereal yield by 5.34, 5.24, 5.07 tons /ha grain compared to the rest of the cultivars, while the cultivar Acsad 901 exceeded the others in term of seed index by 40 grams and Bushy cultivar surpassed all the tested cultivars in its height by 90.8 cm.

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Effect of Formulation, Binder and Compaction Pressure of Rice Husk-Bagasse Briquettes on Thermal and Physical Properties

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2020/v26i1030320 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 38-53

Author(s):

Kerich K. Daniel ◽

Zachary O. Siagi ◽

Julius O. Ogola

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Block Design ◽

Compaction Pressure ◽

Ignition Time ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Aims: This study investigated the use of agro-wastes for the production of briquettes. It was carried out to investigate the effect of formulation, binder and compaction pressure of rice husk-Bagasse briquettes on thermal and physical properties. Study Design: The experimental design for this study was 6x5x2 Randomized Complete Block Design Place and Duration of the Study: Rice husks and bagasse were collected from Lake Basin Development Authority’s rice mill and Kibos sugar and Allied company respectively. The binders were sourced locally in Kisumu. The study was conducted between March 2019 and February 2020. The fabrication and laboratory analysis were carried out in the engineering and laboratory departments of Kenya Industrial Research and Development institute, Kisumu. Methodology: The experimental design for this study was 6x5x2 Randomized Complete Block Design. This study involved six formulations ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, 100:0), five compaction pressure levels (108kPa, 180kPa, 253kPa, 325kPa, 397kPa) and two binders (clay, cassava) They were arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications per experiment. Results: The briquettes bulk density was in the range of 849 to 1001 kg.m−3, while the calorific value ranged from 5.541 kcal/g for 100% Rice husk clay binder to 7.345 kcal/g 20% Rice Husk cassava binder. Briquettes with blend ratio of 40-60% Rice Husk took longer time to burn. Briquette formulations with clay binder had burning rates ranging from 0.28 g/min to 0.15 g/min while with cassava binder from 0.52 g/min to 0.37 g/min. The ignition time of the briquettes ranged from 62 sec to 95 sec with cassava binder and 110 sec to 191sec with clay binder. The shatter index ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 with cassava and 0.9 to 0.98 with clay binder. Conclusion: Higher compaction pressures and use of cassava binder produced stronger briquettes with higher calorific values. Briquettes with higher percentage of bagasse had low ignition time and low bulk densities. The bulk densities and ignition time showed significant rise with increase in the compaction pressure but inversely affected the burning rate. The binder used significantly affected both the thermal and physical properties of all the formulations.

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Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽

Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽

José Valcir Fidelis Martins

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Mixture Experiment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

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PENGGUNAAN SENYAWA OSMOLIT DAN ALKALIN PADA PENYADAPAN TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis)

Jurnal Agro Estate ◽

10.47199/jae.v3i2.101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 110-120

Author(s):

Mochlisin Andriyanto ◽

Miftahul Huda Fendiyanto

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Block Design ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The Common ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Treatment Application

Stimulants are one of the common ways to increase yield in rubber plants. Recent, the stimulant that is widely used in rubber tapping is ethephon. Ethephon material can prolong the flow of latex so that yield increases. The combination of osmolyte and alkaline compounds is expected to be an alternative stimulant. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the use of osmolytes and alkaline in rubber plants. This research was conducted at the Experimental Design of the Sungei Putih Estate Research, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra in May-September 2016 with PB 260 clones planting year 2010 with a tapping system S/2 D3 Ga1.0 6 / y (m) in panel B0-2. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 28 combinations of treatments. The observation parameters in this study were yield (g/p/s), girth (cm) before treatment application and yield (g/p/s) and yield (kg/ha/year) after treatment application. The observations showed that the addition of stimulants with osmolyte and alkaline compounds had a significant effect yield on rubber (g/p/s) in the first tapping slices. The 5% osmolyte and 10% alkaline compounds have yield rubber which is comparable to the application of stimulants made from ethephon in the first tapping slices. Application of 5% osmolyte and 10% alkaline compounds can be used as an alternative stimulant in rubber plants.

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DESEMPENHO DE Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) DIANTE DO AUMENTO DA DENSIDADE DE CULTIVOS CONSORCIADOS EM HORTAS AGROFLORESTAIS

InterEspaço Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade ◽

10.18764/2446-6549.e202033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (19) ◽

pp. 202033

Author(s):

Aruana Vargas Couto ◽

Arcângelo Loss ◽

Giorgini Augusto Venturieri

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Planting Density ◽

Species Succession ◽

De Se ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Regulation Services ◽

Over Time

Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) PERFORMANCE DURING INCREASE IN THE DENSITY OF INTERCROPPED IN AGROFOREST GARDENSRENDIMIENTO DE Lactuca sativa (ALFACE) DURANTE EL AUMENTO DE LA DENSIDAD DE LOS CULTIVOS INTERCALADOS EN LOS JARDINES AGROFORESTALESRESUMOFoi realizado um experimento para verificar se a consorciação de um número crescente de cultivos olerícolas, escolhidos de acordo com a lógica da sucessão de espécies no espaço ao longo do tempo, afetaria a produção de matéria seca de Lactuca sativa (alface) em hortas agroflorestais. O delineamento experimental foi em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com um fator em três níveis, e quatro repetições. A eficiência dos consórcios foi estimada pela matéria seca de L. sativa. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do número de espécies consorciadas e consequente densidade de plantio não influenciou o parâmetro avaliado. Isto evidencia uma vantagem cultural conferida pelos consórcios sucessionais testados, uma vez que foram conduzidos sem a aplicação de insumos sintéticos e tóxicos, além de se obter uma produção de alimentos de qualidade diferenciada dos convencionais e prestar serviços ecossistêmicos de regulação. Não houve perdas produtivas para L. sativa decorrentes do adensamento dos cultivos.Palavras-chave: Agrofloresta; Sucessão Ecológica; Agricultura Sintrópica.ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to verify if the intercropping of a growing number of vegetables, chosen according to the logic of species succession over time, would affect the production of dry matter of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) in agroforestry gardens. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with one factor at three levels and four replications. Consortium efficiency was estimated by L. sativa dry matter. The results showed that the increase of the number of intercropping species and consequent planting density did not influence the evaluated parameter. This evidences a cultural advantage conferred by the successional consortiums tested, since without the application of synthetic and toxic inputs, besides obtaining a production of quality differentiated of food conventional and providing ecosystem regulation services. There were no productive losses for L. sativa due to the densification of crops.Keywords: Agroforestry; Ecological Succession; Syntropic Agriculture.RESUMENSe llevó a cabo un experimento para verificar si el cultivo intercalado de un número creciente de verduras, elegidos de acuerdo con la lógica de sucesión de especies a lo largo del tiempo, afectaría la producción de materia seca de Lactuca sativa (lechuga) en jardines agroforestales. El diseño experimental fue un diseño de bloques completos al azar con un factor en tres niveles y cuatro repeticiones. La eficiencia del consorcio fue estimada por la materia seca de L. sativa. Los resultados mostraron que el aumento del número de especies intercaladas y la consiguiente densidad de siembra no influyeron en el parámetro evaluado. Esto evidencia una ventaja cultural conferida por los consorcios sucesionales probados, ya que se realizaron sin la aplicación de insumos sintéticos y tóxicos, además obtener producción de alimentos de calidad diferenciada de los convencionales y la prestación de servicios de regulación del ecosistema. No hubo pérdidas productivas para L. sativa debido a la densificación de los cultivos.Palabras clave: Agroforestería; Sucesión Ecológica; Agricultura sintrópica.

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Chicken Manure and Phosphorus Influence on Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n10p77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Vânia Tomazelli de Lima ◽

Maria do Carmo Vieira ◽

Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio ◽

Néstor Antonio Heredia Zárate ◽

Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Mass Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Fresh And Dry Mass

The effects of soil incorporation of five rates of semi-decomposed chicken manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), with and without the addition of phosphorus (200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of African blue basil were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first cut of plants was performed at 70 days after transplanting (DAT) and the second at 140 DAT. The addition of 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure to the soil induced increase in plants height, fresh and dry mass production and yield of essential oil. The use of chicken manure induced an increase in camphor content and decreased content of 1,8 cineole. After regrowth, biomass production of African blue basil was higher when compared to the first cut.

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Interaction between thidiazuron and Azospirillum brasilense on yield characteristics and productivity of rice

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n4p244-249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 244-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando de S. Buzo ◽

Lucas M. Garé ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

José R. Portugal ◽

Flavia C. Meirelles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Individual Effects ◽

Upland Rice Cultivar

ABSTRACT In rice, the use of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense has shown to be very useful for the crop, being able to increase the final productivity of the same or reduce the need for nitrogen in topdressing. It has recently been noted that there are other regulators that perform other functions, such as thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin-like substance that has been shown to significantly increase upland rice productivity. Thus, the present work aimed to verify the effect of the interaction between the foliar application of A. brasilense and thidiazuron doses applied at the occasion of the tillering of the plants on the productive aspects and crop productivity. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural years of 2015/16 and 2016/17, at the UNESP Teaching, Research and Extension Farm belonging to the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira - UNESP, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments were the combination of the presence or absence of A. brasilense foliar application with doses of TDZ (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g ha-1) applied to upland rice cultivar BRS Esmeralda. Based on the results obtained for plant height, number of panicles per square meter, total number of grains and fertility of spikelets, mass of 100 grains and grain yield, it was concluded that, in the two agricultural years observed, there were no interaction and individual effects of the foliar application of the bacteria, and of the TDZ doses used at the time of tillering in the BRS Esmeralda cultivar.

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Pengaruh Beberapa Konsentrasi Hyrasil Terhadap Pembungaan Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v3i2.564 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Liz Yanti Andriyani

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Sea Level ◽

Cucumis Melo ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Male Flowers ◽

Cucumis Melo L ◽

Female Flowers

The objective of the experiment was to observe the best Hydrasil� concentration to the flowering of �melon� to increase the yield of melon (Cucumis melo L.) . The experiment was conducted at Jambi University experimental station, which is located in an altitude of ��35 m above the sea level.� The experimental� design was randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 6 treatment levels of Hydrasil concentration, ie. : H0 =� none� Hydrasil treatment, H1 =� 100 ppm� Hydrasil, H2 =� 200 ppm�� Hydrasil, H3 =� 300 ppm� Hydrasil, H4 =� 400 ppm� Hydrasil, H5 =� 500 ppm� Hydrasil. The results� showed that Hydrasil concentration� significantly affected number of female �flowers and number of male� flowers per plant. �Hydrasil concentration at� 200 ppm�� gave �more� number of female �flowers �per plant and� less �number of male �flowers per plant than the other treatments.

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Sunflower performance as a function of phosphate fertilization in semiarid conditions

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e42960

Author(s):

Enielson Bezerra Soares ◽

Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior ◽

José Ricardo Tavares de Albuquerque ◽

Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽

Hamurábi Anizio Lins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Oil Content ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

P Content ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Phosphate Fertilization ◽

Semiarid Conditions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of sunflower cultivars submitted to increasing levels of phosphate fertilization in two crops. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates in subdivided plots, where five doses of simple superphosphate (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 P2O5) were allocated to the plots and three sunflower cultivars (Aguará 06, Altis 99, and Embrapa 122-V2000) were assigned to the subplots. The variables evaluated were the P content in the diagnostic leaf, number of achenes per capitulum, achene yield (kg ha-1), oil content (%) and oil yield. The phosphorus doses increased the components of production. The dose that provided the best sunflower performance varied for the different cultivars. Among the doses studied, fertilization with 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 in the 2016 agricultural crop and 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 in the 2017 agricultural crop provided the best conditions for sunflower cultivation. The cultivar Aguará 06 produced more achenes and oil than the other cultivars analyzed in the agricultural crops.

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