Determinants of Farmer’s Attitude to Plant Agro-forestry Trees in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
O. C. Ariyo ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
O. S. Olagunju ◽  
S. O. Olafemi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Agro Forestry

Agro-forestry trees enhance food and nutrition security, increase income and help solve land management problems. This study assessed the determinants of farmer’s attitude to plant agro-forestry trees in Giwa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State. Six (6) districts were purposively selected from the eight (8) districts in Giwa LGA. Two villages were randomly selected from each district to give a total of twelve (12) villages. Ten agroforestry farmers were selected from each village to make a total of 120 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics - Chi- square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and regression analysis. The results revealed that the mean age was 40.12 years. Chi-square analysis showed that age (χ2=18.487, P=0.001), educational level (χ2=9.656, P=0.04) were significant to farmersꞌ attitude. PPMC showed that income (r=0.181, p=0.049), membership in organization (r=0.214, P=0.02) were significant to farmersꞌ attitude. Regression analysis showed that years of experience (β=0.330, P=0.001) and constraints (β=0.246, P=0.11) were the determinants of farmers attitude. Farmers (59%) have unfavourable attitude towards tree planting. It was concluded that age group, educational level, income and membership in organization are very important and paramount in enhancing planting of agroforestry trees while years of experience and constraints faced by farmers were major determinants of famer’s attitude to planting agro-forestry trees.

scholarly journals Korelasi Karakteristik Fisik Rumah dan Tingkat Kerentanan Sosio-Ekonomi di Tepian Sungai Kapuas Pontianak

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Ely Nurhidayati ◽  
Trida Ridho Fariz
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Initial Research

Kampung Dalam Bugis is an area in Pontianak City located in the Kapuas River and the Landak River branch. This area is a kampung and settlement that marked the establishment of Pontianak City. Kampung Dalam Bugis Village is located on the bank of a river, impacting flood disaster vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary to study the correlation between the physical characteristics of the house and the level of socio-economic vulnerability. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the physical characteristics of the houses and the level of socio-economic vulnerability at the riverbanks. The analysis used to assess socio-economic vulnerability is scoring from data collected from interviews and filling out questionnaires. The study used to determine the relationship between the house's physical characteristics to indicators of socio-economic vulnerability is chi-square. The assessment of the community's socio-economic vulnerability on the banks of the Kapuas River consists mostly of high vulnerability classes. Chi-square analysis shows that indicators of socio-economic vulnerability such as the head of the family's educational level have a relationship to the house's characteristics, such as the type of house and the area of the house. This initial research still needs to be developed, such as using logistic regression analysis. There is more vital evidence that the information can be used as a basis for determining or at least as a validator for indicators of socio-economic vulnerability. Physical information of the house is easier to find data through observation and even image interpretation.

Level of Cultural Self-Efficacy of Colombian Nursing Professionals and Related Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Herrero-Hahn ◽  
Juan Guillermo Rojas ◽  
Rafael Montoya-Juárez ◽  
María Paz García-Caro ◽  
César Hueso-Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Cultural Self ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nursing Professionals

Purpose: To describe the level of cultural self-efficacy of Colombian nursing professionals and determine the main influencing factors. Method: A descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 211 nursing professionals selected by systematic random sampling for a finite population, using the Colombian version of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale. After descriptive statistical analysis, nonparametric tests were applied to determine between-variable associations, followed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The mean Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale score was 2.58. An association with sex and age ( p < .05) was observed in regression analysis. The mean score for knowledge of cultural concepts was 3.20 and associated with age, years of experience, educational level, and cross-cultural experiences ( p < .05). The mean score for confidence in performing cultural nursing skills was 3.29. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The cultural self-efficacy level of this sample of nursing professionals, with their consequent capacity to provide culturally competent care, is moderate and is associated with sex and age. Confidence in knowledge of cultural concepts is affected by age, educational level, years of experience, and cross-cultural experiences. This evidence supports the implementation of changes to improve the cultural knowledge and therefore cultural self-efficacy of these professionals.

scholarly journals Education and Behavioural Barriers for Menstrual Health Communication between Parent and Adolescent Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma K G
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Parental Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

This study is an empirical attempt to understand parental communication about bleeding, first period and dysmenorrhea with adolescent girls. It examines the barriers of communication from the adolescent girls' perspective. The study was conducted in a couple of taluks of ballari district, i.e., Sandur and Hospet. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive research design was adopted. The data was gathered using the interview schedule from 260 adolescent girls adopting a random sampling method. The findings of the study reveal that the mean age of the adolescent girls was 15.34 years. It was found that the parents' behaviour and educational level impact communication with adolescent girls with reference to bleeding, first period and dysmenorrhea. The Chi-Square test has been done to assess the relationship between communicational barriers and education. The ANOVA test has been applied to understand the relationship between parents' behaviour, educational level and communication barriers.

scholarly journals EARLY RESULTS OF AN INJURY-PREVENTION PROGRAM IN HIGH SCHOOL TRACK ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0014
Author(s):  
Celeste Quitiquit Dickason ◽  
Whitney Marois ◽  
Hannah Santos ◽  
Sadie Grace ◽  
Brian Krabak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Injury Prevention Program ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background Injury prevention programs have been shown to be effective for adolescent soccer, basketball, and handball athletes. Though injuries are common in high school runners, injury prevention programs have not been described for this population. Our objective was to trial an injury-prevention program styled after those found to be successful in other running and jumping sports to see if a group of running athletes sustained fewer and or less serious injuries during the course of a single high school track season. Methods Two suburban high school track coaches volunteered to participate in a program consisting of either injury-prevention exercises or no additional exercises as a part of pre-and in-season practice programs. All runners at each school were invited to participate, with informed consent obtained. The injury prevention program consisted of five jumping and plyometric exercises taught by a physical therapist, with a video of the exercises made available to the coach and team members throughout the season. Surveys pre- and post-season were collected which included demographic information, running history, diet, and injuries. Injuries were reported to coach and trainer at each school. Days of missed practice constituted an injured day, tallied for each runner and each team. A Chi-square analysis compared injury rates by team, and hence by intervention; injury rates by years of experience running; and injury rates by dietary preference. Results 24 runners, 13 from the intervention school and 11 from the control school participated. There was no significant difference in the number of running injuries reported when comparing the intervention group (4/13 runners) to the control group (3/11 runners, Chi-square = 0.035, p = 0.9). Runners with a greater number of years of competitive running experience trended towards having fewer injuries (p = 0.06). Those describing their diet as vegetarian (3/24) were significantly more likely to sustain an injury (p = 0.002). Conclusions / Significance With this limited comparison study examining the impact of an injury-prevention pre-season and in-season training program for running athletes participating on their high school track team, there was no evidence that the addition of a program of jumping and plyometric exercises had an impact on injury rates. However, combining the data from the two schools, we found a trend towards decreased injury likelihood in those with more years of experience running, and a significantly greater incidence of injuries in those who described their diet as vegetarian. These results suggest that novice runners should perhaps have a different set of expectations regarding the pre- and in-season training regimen, and that those whose diet is vegetarian consider review of their nutrition to optimize their energy level and reparative capacity with the increased activity of a high school track running program.

National trends in local excision and esophagectomy for cT1N0 esophageal cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 62-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Sturm ◽  
Whitney Zahnd ◽  
John D. Mellinger ◽  
Sabha Ganai
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Local Excision ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Over Time

62 Background: Esophageal cancer management has evolved due to improvements in staging and treatment strategies. Endoscopic local excision presents an attractive option for definitive management of T1 cancers, avoiding the morbidity of esophagectomy. We hypothesized that for cT1N0 cancers, patients who underwent local excision would have lower survival compared to esophagectomy due to potential discordant staging. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) with AJCC T1N0 clinical stage who underwent local excision (n = 1625) or esophagectomy (n = 3255) between 1998 and 2012. Chi-square analysis was used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics by procedure. Chi-square trend analysis was performed to assess trends in procedure type over time. Cox Regression analysis was performed to assess survival by procedure controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Between 1998 and 2012, the proportion of patients who underwent local excision increased from 12% to 50% for all patients (p < 0.001); from 17% to 40% for SCC patients (p < 0.001); and from 9% to 51% for AC patients (p < 0.001). Surgical procedure varied significantly by demographic, socioeconomic status, facility, and tumor-related factors. 65% of cT1N0 cancers had concordant clinical and pathological staging after esophagectomy, with 11% having positive nodal disease; 44% were concordant after local excision. While no significant difference was seen in unadjusted survival, adjusted Cox Regression analysis indicated worse survival after esophagectomy compared to local excision for all cases (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.40-2.00) and for ACs with concordant staging (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14). Conclusions: Local excision for cT1N0 esophageal cancer has increased over time. Staging concordance for esophagectomy is seen in two-thirds of cases. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients undergoing local excision for T1N0 cancers have better overall survival than those undergoing esophagectomy, which may reflect early differences in mortality and/or selection bias. As this study was unable to distinguish T1a from T1b, further analysis is warranted.

scholarly journals Variation in Dental Crown Morphology in Malaysian Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadhli Khamis ◽  
Jane A. Taylor ◽  
Abdul Rani Samsudin ◽  
Grant C. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Crown Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Dental Traits ◽  
Main Population ◽  
Crown Traits ◽  
Dental Crown

Dental crown variation was studied inthe four main population groups living in Malaysiausing dental casts (upper and lower) obtained from 790individuals. The aims of the study were to characterizevariation in 13 dental crown traits, within groups as wellas between groups, and to assess affinities between thegroups based on frequencies of occurrence of dentalfeatures. Using chi-square analysis and Fisher’s exacttest, the majority of dental traits were found to bebilaterally symmetrical and to demonstrate low sexualdimorphism. Comparisons of trait frequencies betweengroups revealed similarities between Malays, Jahai(Negritos) and Chinese who conformed to MongoloidSinodont-Sundadont dental patterns, whereas theIndians conformed to an Indo-European pattern.Phenetic distance analysis, using the mean measureof divergence, showed that Indians were markedlyseparated from the other three groups, while Malayswere closer to Jahai than to Chinese. These findingsbased on dental traits are consistent with historicalexplanations of affinities between modern Malaysianpopulations.

scholarly journals Analytical Effect of Insurgency on Cowpea (Vigna Spp) Production in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Adamu Usman ◽  
Ali Garba Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

This study analyzed the effect of insurgency on cowpea production in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria. This study is quantitative research where 120 cowpea farmers were randomly interviewed using structured response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 35% of the respondents fell within the age bracket of 28-33 years; males constituted 55% and 42% had primary education. The findings further reveaed that 77.50% perceived the effect of insurgency on their livelihood. Majority up to 70.80% of the respondents perceived increase in poverty and job loses respectively. Almost 52.5% of the respondents were affected by the conflicts, then children 21.7%, women 13.3% and adult men 8.3%. 32.50% of the respondents lost their houses, 29.20% lost their livestock, and 16.70% and 13.30% lost their crops and sustained body injuries respectively. Majority up to 67.50% of the respondents suggested that all the methods, 16.70% suggested military action, 6.70% negotiation, 5.0% and 4.20% of the respondents suggested state of emergency and amnesty respectively. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that 74% variation in output was accounted by the independent variables in the model. However, educational level, sex and income were significant at p< 0.001, while household size, farm size and distance from farm to homestead were significant at p< 0.05. Chi-square analysis revealed that the variables included in the model such as sex, educational level, age, income and distance from farmlands to homestead were significant at p< 0.05, with the exception of farm size, marital status and farming experience. The study concluded that insurgency exists in the study area and the effects include loss of lives, crops, and destruction of infrastructures, such as schools, telecommunication mast, mosques, churches, markets and houses. The study recommended that education and employment opportunities be provided to the youths in the study area.

Providing Stroke and Hypertension Education in Amharic for Ethiopian Persons Living in Dallas, Texas, United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehari Gebreyohanns ◽  
Chiamaka C. Onuigbo ◽  
Azhar Ali ◽  
Sonja E. Stutzman ◽  
DaiWai M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Global Health Initiatives ◽  
Ethiopian Immigrant ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Stroke Knowledge

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare knowledge of a stroke education module provided to bilingual members of the Ethiopian immigrant population in Dallas, Texas, presented in the Amharic language as compared to in English.MethodsA convenience sample of 84 participants were recruited using a snowball technique and randomly assigned to receive education in English or Amharic. The participants completed a pre- and posttest of their knowledge about strokes, a demographic survey, and a satisfaction survey. Data was analyzed using a general linear model and chi-square analysis.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between satisfaction scores comparing those educated in Amharic versus English (χ2 = 6.5108, p = .0107). Although mean pretest (10.8) and posttest (16.4) stroke knowledge scores were higher across all groups (p < .001), the mean posttest scores were lower for subjects who watched the Amharic versus the English video (14.9 vs. 18.1, p = .003).ConclusionThis study did not show a statistically significant increase in knowledge about stroke when presented learning materials in subjects' native language compared to in English. The use of video to present stroke and stroke-risk educational content can be used in future research and global health initiatives to increase stroke knowledge in the Amharic-speaking community.

Postoperative Subchondral Bone Marrow Lesion Is Associated With Graft Extrusion After Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 3163-3169
Author(s):  
Ju-Ho Song ◽  
Seong-Il Bin ◽  
Jong-Min Kim ◽  
Bum-Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Meniscal Allograft ◽  
Graft Extrusion ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Adverse effects of graft extrusion after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are difficult to assess and can be determined only in the long term using a simple radiograph. Recently, subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have been used to evaluate the outcomes or prognoses of various knee surgeries. However, whether subchondral BMLs on MRI scans reflect the effects of allograft extrusion remains unclear. Hypothesis: Subchondral BML in the lateral compartment of the knee joint on postoperative MRI scans would be associated with graft extrusion after lateral MAT. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Overall, 170 patients with lateral MAT between 2008 and 2013 were classified into extrusion (≥3 mm) and nonextrusion (<3 mm) groups based on findings on MRI scans obtained 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Subchondral BMLs in the lateral compartment were evaluated on the latest MRI scans. To exclude any bone marrow signal changes other than those caused by allograft extrusion, the latest MRI scans were compared with those obtained 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Only subchondral BMLs that occurred after that time point were counted. The association between allograft extrusion and subchondral BML was assessed using chi-square analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to control other related factors, including age, sex, body mass index, time from previous meniscectomy, alignment, and cartilage status at the time of MAT. Clinical outcomes according to subchondral BML were evaluated using the Lysholm score. Results: Of the 170 patients, 20 (11.8%) had subchondral BML on the latest MRI scans at a mean 53.6 ± 31.2 months postoperatively, with 14 and 6 patients in the extrusion and nonextrusion groups, respectively. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between allograft extrusion and subchondral BMLs ( P = .025). Logistic regression analysis showed that extrusion and age were significant factors associated with subchondral BML ( P = .011 and .004, respectively). However, no differences were observed in the Lysholm scores in accordance with the subchondral BML ( P = .248). Conclusion: Subchondral BMLs on postoperative MRI scans were associated with graft extrusion after lateral MAT. However, there was no difference in clinical outcomes according to subchondral BML.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis of the phylogenetic signal in ramp sequences in 211 vertebrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. McKinnon ◽  
Justin B. Miller ◽  
Michael F. Whiting ◽  
John S. K. Kauwe ◽  
Perry G. Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Random Chance ◽  
Binary Character ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Translational Speed

AbstractRamp sequences increase translational speed and accuracy when rare, slowly-translated codons are found at the beginnings of genes. Here, the results of the first analysis of ramp sequences in a phylogenetic construct are presented. Ramp sequences were compared from 247 vertebrates (114 Mammalian and 133 non-mammalian), where the presence and absence of ramp sequences was analyzed as a binary character in a parsimony and maximum likelihood framework. Additionally, ramp sequences were mapped to the Open Tree of Life synthetic tree to determine the number of parallelisms and reversals that occurred, and those results were compared to random permutations. Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of the presence and absence of ramp sequences recovered phylogenies that are highly congruent with established phylogenies. Additionally, 81% of vertebrate mammalian ramps and 81.2% of other vertebrate ramps had less parallelisms and reversals than the mean from 1000 randomly permuted trees. A chi-square analysis of completely orthologous ramp sequences resulted in a p-value < 0.001 as compared to random chance. Ramp sequences recover comparable phylogenies as other phylogenomic methods. Although not all ramp sequences appear to have a phylogenetic signal, more ramp sequences track speciation than expected by random chance. Therefore, ramp sequences may be used in conjunction with other phylogenomic approaches if many orthologs are taken into account. However, phylogenomic methods utilizing few orthologs should be cautious in incorporating ramp sequences because individual ramp sequences may provide conflicting signals.

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