scholarly journals Genetic Divergence and Heritability Study of Some NERICA Mutant Lines and Their Parents Using Microsatellites Marker and Morphological Traits in Rice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md. Ashraful Islam ◽  
Touhidur Rahman Anik ◽  
Saikat Chandra Dey ◽  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mutant Lines

New Rice of Africa (NERICA) is drought tolerant and early maturing inter specific rice variety which was introduced in Bangladesh from Uganda in 2009. But the field record of NERICA was not very promising. In order to develop NERICA varieties suitable for agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh different variations in yield contributing characters are required.In the experiment, physical mutagen treated (250, 300 and 350 Gy Gamma-rays) 18 NERICA mutant lines were selected from M4 to M5 generations along with 3 parents (NERICA-1, NERICA-4, NERICA-10) for morphological and molecular evaluation in orderto identify desired mutant linesusing 12 yield attributing characters and 3 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We also estimated heritability, genetic advance and correlation among the studied morphological traits to identify besttraits based on which further selection could be made. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient of 12 morphological traits indicated that yield per plant had significant positive correlation with the number of tiller, number of effective tiller, panicle length, number of filled grainsper panicle and 1000 grain weight but negative correlation with Plant height and days to maturity. Broad sense heritability ( ) ranged from 71% to 99% while genetic advances in percent mean (GA%) varied from 10% to 60%. Yield per plant, unfilled grains per panicle, number of total tiller, number of effective tiller showed high heritability along with genetic advance as percent of the mean (GA%) value. A total of 24 alleles were detected by 3 SSR markers. The mean gene diversity and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values was 0.821 and 0.797, respectively.  Dendrogram constructed based on SSR markers clustered the genotypes into six distinct clusters. Combining molecular and morphological evaluation data eight mutant lines, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5, N10/300/P-2-3-5-2, N1/300/P-2-3-5, N1/300/P-2-3-5, N1/250/P-7-6-4-1, N10/300/P-2(1)-4-1 and N1/250/P-7-3-7-1were selected as desired mutant lines having good yield attributing characters and could be recommended for further evaluation in rice breeding program.

Effects of competition from California weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) biotypes on a cultivated rice variety

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Karn ◽  
Teresa De Leon ◽  
Luis Espino ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Whitney Brim-DeForest
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Panicle Number

AbstractWeedy rice is an emerging problem of cultivated rice in California. Infestations of weedy rice in cultivated rice result in yield loss and reduced grain quality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate growth and yield components of a widely grown cultivated rice variety in California in response to weedy rice competition. Greenhouse competition experiments in an additive design were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the growth and yield components of ‘M-206’ rice and five weedy rice biotypes found in California at varying weed densities. M-206 rice initially grew at a faster relative growth rate of 0.53 cm−1 wk−1 under competitive conditions compared with 0.47 cm−1 wk−1 in the absence of weedy rice, but absolute and relative growth rates declined more rapidly under competitive conditions as plants approached maturity. At harvest, M-206 plant height was reduced 13% under competitive conditions, and M-206 tiller number was reduced 23% to 49%, depending on the weedy rice biotype it was competing with. Except for 100-grain weight, the growth traits and grain yield components of M-206 rice were reduced with increasing density of weedy rice. At the highest weed density measured, 40 plants m−2, M-206 rice had yield losses of 69% grain yield plant−1, 69% panicle weight, 59% fresh and dry biomass, 55% grain yield panicle−1, and 54% panicle number. The five evaluated weedy rice biotypes varied widely in early growth rates, height, biomass production, and grain yield, indicating differing competitive strategies. Most weedy rice biotypes produce plants with greater plant height, tiller number, panicle number, and above- and below-ground biomass compared with cultivated rice. Weedy rice biotypes produced 45% to 57% higher grain yield per plant than M-206 rice under competitive conditions.

scholarly journals SSR allelic diversity in relation to morphological traits and resistance to grain mould in sorghum

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
S. P. Deshpande ◽  
S. Senthilvel ◽  
V. P. Rao ◽  
V. Rajaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Marker Loci

Allelic variation at 46 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci well distributed across the sorghum genome was used to assess genetic diversity among 92 sorghum lines, 74 resistant and 18 susceptible to grain mould. Of the 46 SSR markers, 44 were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 to 20 with an average of 7.55 alleles per locus. Genetic diversity among the sorghum lines was high as indicated by polymorphic information content (PIC) and gene diversity values. PIC values of polymorphic SSR markers ranged from 0.16 to 0.90, with an average of 0.54. Gene diversity among the sorghum lines varied from 0.16 to 0.91, with an average score of 0.58 per SSR marker. AMOVA indicated that 12% of the total variation observed among the sorghum lines was accounted for between grain mould resistant and susceptible types. Diversity based on six morphological traits and grain mould scores indicated major roles of panicle type and glumes coverage, followed by grain colour, in clustering of the lines. Seven grain mould resistant/susceptible pairs with dissimilarity indices >0.50, but with similar flowering time, plant height, and panicle type/inflorescence within each pair, were selected for use in developing recombinant inbred line mapping populations to identify genomic regions (and quantitative trait loci) associated with sorghum grain mould resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular and Phenotypic Analyses of Inpari HDB/K15 F2 Lines Containing sd1 Mutant Gene Resulted from Genome Editing Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Clara S. A. Fitriyanti ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Tri Joko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Dna Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Mutant Lines

<p>Inpari HDB variety is resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease, but due to its tall stature, the variety is susceptible to lodging. Inpari HDB with semidwarf stature, therefore, is of high interest for lodging resistant performance. sd1 gene encoding GA20ox-2 enzyme is one of the genes responsible for imparting semidwarf stature of rice. In previous study, sd1 mutant rice cv. Kitaake (K15) was developed by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The objective of this study was to analyze molecularly and phenotypically F2 lines containing sd1 mutant gene resulted from a cross between Inpari HDB and K15 to develop semidwarf<br />Inpari HDB rice variety. Thirty F2 Inpari HDB/K15 lines were analyzed at molecular level using DNA sequencing method together with phenotypic assessment of the lines to verify the integration of sd1 mutant gene. DNA sequencing analysis showed that 9 out of the 30 F2 Inpari HDB/K15 lines were sd1 mutants. The remaining F2 lines contained 17 heterozygotes and 4 nonmutants. All the nine mutant lines demonstrated shorter plant stature and showed more tiller number per plant compared to the nonmutant lines. The sd1 mutant gene in the F2 lines showed pleiotropic effects on panicle number and<br />showed no effects on other traits, such as flowering time, panicle length, filled and unfilled grain percentages. This study showed the introduction of sd1 mutant gene generated semidwarf Inpari HDB lines. The semidwarf Inpari HDB lines obtained from this research should be further evaluated to confirm their lodging resistant performances.</p>

scholarly journals Construction of a Core Collection of Native Perilla Germplasm Collected From South Korea Based on SSR Markers and Morphological Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu Jin Sa ◽  
Dong Min Kim ◽  
Jun Seok Oh ◽  
Hyeon Park ◽  
Do Yoon Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
The Core ◽  
Long Time

Abstract The leaves and seed oil of Perilla crop (Perilla frutescens L.) have attracted interest as health foods in East Asia. This crop has been traditionally cultivated and used for a long time as a folk plant, especially in Korea. In our study, the 22 SSR markers and six morphological traits were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure, to select a core collection of 400 Perilla accessions conserved in the RDA-Genebank of South Korea. A total of 173 alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15 (average = 7.9). Gene diversity and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.138 to 0.868 (average = 0.567) and 0.134 to 0.853 (average = 0.522), respectively. The 400 accessions were not clearly distinguished geographically by STRUCTURE and UPGMA analyses. A core collection (44 accessions) was selected from the entire collection by using PowerCore. The core collection accounted for 11.0% of the entire Perilla collection, including 100% of the number of alleles maintained in the whole collection and with similar or greater Shannon-Weaver and Nei diversity indices than the whole collection. The core collection selected by SSR markers was evenly distributed in three clusters on a scatter plot by six morphological traits. The first core collection of Perilla accessions was constructed, and it maintained allelic richness. Further modification of the core collection is expected with the continuous addition of new accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Gene Flow of Four South African Venturia inaequalis (Apple Scab) Populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Koopman ◽  
J. C. Meitz-Hopkins ◽  
A. E. Bester-van der Merwe ◽  
K. R. Tobutt ◽  
C. Bester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rpb1 Gene

Venturia inaequalis isolates were collected during the 2012/13 and 2013/14 seasons from the four principal apple growing regions of South Africa, Elgin (n = 114), Koue Bokkeveld (n = 126), Lower Langkloof (n = 92), and Upper Langkloof (n = 103). Sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions and genotyping with six (2012/13) and seven (2013/14) microsatellite (SSR) markers was conducted. A subset of 12 isolates from the individual ITS haplotype groups were sequenced for the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1) and the large subunit of the RNA polymerases II (RPB1) gene regions. Four haplotypes were found for ITS, whereas all isolates were identical for the TEF1 and RPB1 gene regions. The SSR markers revealed considerable variation with an average gene diversity (H) of 0.675. Multivariate analysis (discriminant analysis of principal components [DAPC]) revealed that the two Langkloof populations clustered together with the Koue Bokkeveld population. The population from the warmer winter region, Elgin, clustered separately from the rest of the populations (ΦPT = 0.076 to 0.116; P ≤ 0.05). Estimates of gene flow showed the highest migration rate from the Koue Bokkeveld, toward the Lower Langkloof (M = 151.1), and the least migration to and from the Elgin region (average M = 42.75). Occasionally, identical genotypes (clones) were detected across seasons in the Koue Bokkeveld and Elgin area, which might contribute to overwintering conidia. From this study, it is evident that South Africa most likely has V. inaequalis subpopulations linked to diverse climatic conditions of the coastal Elgin region compared with the mountainous inland regions of the Koue Bokkeveld and the Langkloof.

scholarly journals Construction of a core collection of native Perilla germplasm collected from South Korea based on SSR markers and morphological characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu Jin Sa ◽  
Dong Min Kim ◽  
Jun Seok Oh ◽  
Hyeon Park ◽  
Do Yoon Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
The Core ◽  
Long Time

AbstractThe leaves and seed oil of Perilla crop (Perilla frutescens L.) have attracted interest as health foods in East Asia. This crop has been traditionally cultivated and used for a long time as a folk plant, especially in Korea. In our study, the 22 SSR markers and eight morphological traits were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure, to select a core collection of 400 Perilla accessions conserved in the RDA-Genebank of South Korea. A total of 173 alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15 (average = 7.9). Gene diversity and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.138 to 0.868 (average = 0.567) and 0.134 to 0.853 (average = 0.522), respectively. The 400 accessions were not clearly distinguished geographically by STRUCTURE and UPGMA analyses. A core collection (44 accessions) was selected from the entire collection by using PowerCore. The core collection accounted for 11.0% of the entire Perilla collection, including 100% of the number of alleles maintained in the whole collection and with similar or greater Shannon–Weaver and Nei diversity indices than the whole collection. The core collection selected by SSR markers was evenly distributed in three clusters on a scatter plot by eight morphological traits. The first core collection of Perilla accessions was constructed, and it maintained allelic richness. Further modification of the core collection is expected with the continuous addition of new accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SSR and important agronomical characters of promising mutant lines of soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASADI ◽  
NURWITA DEWI ◽  
KRISTIANTO NUGROHO ◽  
RERENSTRADIKA TIZAR TERRYANA ◽  
MASTUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Agronomical Characters

Abstract. Asadi, Dewi N, Nugroho K, Terryana RT, Mastur, Lestari P. 2020. Evaluation of SSR and important agronomical characters of promising mutant lines of soybean. Biodiversitas 21: 299-310. Improved soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties resistant to major pest or disease, and in accordance with consumer preferences are important in breeding programs to raise their productivity. Identification of superior promising mutant lines of soybean before releasing them needs multiple environment trials complemented with molecular assay. This study aimed to assess morpho-agronomical and molecular characters using SSR markers of promising mutant lines of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). A total of 14 SSR markers were used to evaluate 20 mutant lines along with their parental lines and check varieties, and eight different locations were chosen to field evaluation of 11 selected lines induced by gamma-ray. Values of Polymorphism Information Content, allele number, and gene diversity index were high, indicating the great genetic diversity among these mutant lines, and far distant from their parental lines. Phylogenetic tree also supported the distinguishable among gamma ray-induced mutant lines compared to the parental lines. The significant interaction between promising line and environment showed their high adaptability and stable yield in various environments. Biosoy-8 (2.713 ton/ha) and Biosoy-11 (2.631 ton/ha) revealing the high yields lines supported with the molecular information could be potential to be released as new varieties and can direct their efficient utilization for field application or further improvement scheme.

Genetic Diversity among Calamus brandisii Becc. (Arecaceae) Populations in Kerala Part of Western Ghats

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Kavungal Priya ◽  
◽  
Indira . ◽  
Vadakkethil Balakrishnan Sreekumar ◽  
Renuka . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Two Populations

Calamus brandisii Becc. is one of the endemic slender rattans found in the Western Ghats of India. The genetic diversity of two main populations available in Kerala was investigated using 20 RAPD and 9 ISSR markers. Two parameters viz., gene diversity and genetic diversity within and among populations were analyzed. ISSR analysis showed quite high genetic diversity in Pandimotta compared to Bonacaud population whereas in RAPD markers both these populations were moderately diverse. The percentage of total genetic differentiation (Gst) among two populations is relatively higher than the mean Gst value indicating high genetic diversity within the populations. The genetic distance between these two populations was 0.1739 with ISSR markers and 0.1971 with RAPD markers. Because of its high genetic diversity, Pandimotta population can be treated as an important population of gene diversity with potentially useful genes. This may be included in the high priority reservoir for genetic conservation also.

Seasonal Influence on Milk Production Performance in SDCMPUL in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Dairy farming is vulnerable to seasonal variable factors such as temperature, cold climatic conditions, and rainfall. These affect the production and reproduction traits of dairy animals. Seasonal variability also affects the quantity of consumption and marketing of milk considerably. The study aimed to assess the seasonal fluctuation in milk production in Sivagangai District Cooperative Milk Producer Union Limited (SDCMPUL), Tamil Nadu. The study used secondary data. The milk production data were collected from SDCMPUL, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. The data covered the period from 2001-02 to 2020-21. The study used descriptive statistics, CAGR, and paired ‘t-test to determine the variation of milk production according to seasonal changes. The MS office - Excel software and SPSS software were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the mean milk production of the lean and flush season was 2.46 and 2.30 lakh liters, and the CAGR of milk production in SDCMPUL, Tamil Nadu, during the period 2001-02 to 2020-21 was 5.65 percent, and it was 5.23 percent in lean season and 6.11 percent in the flush season while the growth rate of milk production during the lean and flush season was positive and was significant statistically. It was found that the quantity of milk production was higher in the lean season than a flush season; however, the variability of milk production was more in the flush season than in the lean season.

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