scholarly journals Growth, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes under Seasonal Heat Stress

Author(s):  
T. R. Chapagain ◽  
A. K. Shrestha ◽  
M. D. Sharma ◽  
K. Mishra Tripathi ◽  
A. Srivastva

This field study was conducted to evaluate yield and fruit quality of tomato genotypes under seasonal heat stress condition (April-June) in plains of Chitwan valley, Nepal for two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019 at research farm, of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal. Nine tomato genotypes were evaluated for their morphological, flowering, yield and biochemical traits in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed significant differences (P = 0.05) among all genotypes for all traits evaluated. Genotypes AVTO-9304 and AVTO-9801 were early flowering and flowered within 28 days after transplanting. The highest marketable fruit yield of 110.6 and 92.6 t ha-1 was recorded in genotype TO-1057 in 2018 and 2019, respectively with the mean yield of 101.6 t ha-1  whereas genotype AVTO-9802 produced  the lowest fruit yield in both years (34.0 and 32.0 t ha-1 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) with the mean yield of  32.9 t ha-1.  The highest amount of total soluble solid content (4.90 oBrix) was observed in genotype AVTO-9803. Genotype ‘AVTO-1314’ had a significantly higher amount (12.60 mg 100 g-1) of ascorbic acid but statistically at par with AVTO-9801, TO-1057 and Pariposa-4102. This study identified genotype TO-1057 as a highly productive genotype suitable for cultivation during summer months in Chitwan and this genotype could be promoted in other agro-ecological regions having the similar climatic conditions.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Cleuma de Medeiros ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
Francisco Aécio de L Pereira ◽  
Sonally Cristina de M Silva ◽  
Maria das Graças Amâncio

Among the problems faced by the melon crop in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, the effect of water and soil salinity is considered one of the key factors to limit fruit production and quality. The aim of this work was to study the effects of using irrigation waters with different salinity levels on yield and quality of fruits of the yellow melon hybrid Mandacaru. A randomized complete block design was used with five treatments (irrigation water salt concentrations: 0.54, 1.48, 2.02, 3.03, 3.9 dS m-1) and four replications. The effects of these concentrations were evaluated through, number of marketable fruits per plant, marketable and total fruit yield, average marketable fruit mass, soluble solids content and pulp firmness. Increment in water salinity level negatively influenced crop yield. The 3.9 dS m-1 salinity level caused yield losses of 20.31%, due to the reduction of fruit number per plant. The highest soluble solid content and the highest pulp firmness values were estimated to occur at salinity levels 2.09 and 3.5 dS m-1, respectively.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-561
Author(s):  
RAFAEL RAMOS MORAIS ◽  
JOÃO PAULO SILVA MACÊDO ◽  
LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE ◽  
JACKSON TEIXEIRA LOBO ◽  
ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO LUNA SOUTO ◽  
...  

ARRANJO ESPACIAL E PODA NA PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE QUÍMICA DE MARACUJÁ IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA     RAFAEL RAMOS MORAIS1; JOÃO PAULO SILVA MACÊDO2; LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE3; JACKSON TEIXEIRA LOBO1; ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO LUNA SOUTO1 E EVANDRO FRANKLIN MESQUITA4   1 Programa de pós-graduação em Agronomia, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, SN, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected]. 2 Empresa Paraibana de Pesquisa, Extensão Rural e Regularização Fundiária, Rodovia BR 230, S/N, Km 13, Morada Nova, 58.108-502, Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 3 Professor do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, S/N, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 4 Professor do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Sitio Cajueiro, S/N, Zona Rural, 58.884-000, Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   Um experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Coronel Ezequiel, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, para avaliar os efeitos da densidade de plantio e poda da haste principal em plantas de maracujazeiro amarelo, acesso Guinezinho, sob irrigação com água salina de 3,4 dS m-1. Os tratamentos, com distância de 2,0 m entre linhas, foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 12 plantas por parcela, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, correspondente as distâncias de 3, 6, 9 e 12 m entre plantas nas linhas com e sem poda da haste principal, ao atingir o sistema de sustentação. Os componentes avaliados foram número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, produtividade e na polpa dos frutos, os valores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH e a relação sólidos solúveis/ acidez titulável. A interação entre os fatores estudados exerceu efeitos significativos no número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. A produtividade foi influenciada pelos dois fatores de forma isolada. O pH da polpa respondeu apenas ao espaçamento entre plantas nas linhas e a relação SS/AT não foi influenciada por nenhuma das fontes de variação estudadas. O aumento das distâncias de plantio nas linhas promove ganho de produção por planta, mas reduz a produtividade. Plantas podadas na haste principal apresentam maior produtividade. A irrigação com água de qualidade restritiva à agricultura não inibiu a capacidade produtiva do maracujazeiro amarelo acesso Guinezinho e não prejudicou a qualidade química dos frutos.   Palavras-chave: acesso Guinezinho, densidade de plantio, Passiflora edulis Sims.     MORAIS, R. R.; MACÊDO, J. P. S.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; LOBO, J. T.; SOUTO, A. G. L.; MESQUITA, E. F. SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT AND PRUNING IN THE PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF YELLOW PASSIONFRUIT IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER       2 ABSTRACT   An experiment was carried out in  Coronel Ezequiel municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of planting density and pruning of the main stem on yellow passion fruit plants access Guinezinho under irrigation with saline water (3.4 dS m-1). The treatments, with inter-row distance of 2 m, were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications of 12 plants per plot, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to intra-row distances of 3, 6, 9 and 12 m for plants with and without pruned main stem, upon reaching the support system. The evaluated components were number of fruit harvested, production per plant, fruit yield and in the fruit pulp, the analyzed components were soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH and soluble solid content/ titratable acidity ratio. The interaction between the factors studied significantly affected the number of fruit harvested, production per plant, solids content and titratable acidity. The fruit yield was influenced by the two isolated factors, but the pH of the pulp responded only to the intra-row plant spacing, and the solids content/ titratable acidity ratio was not influenced by any of the sources of variation studied. Increasing the distances intra-row raises the production per plant, but reduces fruit yield. Plants pruned on the main stem have higher fruit yield. Irrigation with restrictive water quality to agriculture did not inhibit the productive capacity of yellow passion fruit access Guinezinho and did not impair the chemical quality of the fruits.   Keywords: Guinezinho access, planting density, Passiflora edulis Sims.


2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
L. Dessalegne ◽  
P. D. S. Caligari

The combining ability of four tomato genotypes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) for salt tolerance was determined by investigating the progeny from a 4 × 4 diallel cross. Sixteen progenies (F1s, selfs and reciprocals) were evaluated at three levels of salinity (0%, 1.0%, 1.5%) in a complete block design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. The analysis of the genetic component revealed that the mode of inheritance of salt tolerance appeared to be different to that of plant characters and salinity levels as measured by plant height and fruit yield components. However, the fruit count was consistently controlled by additive gene effects. The specific crosses Moneymaker (MM) × Red Alert (RA) and Ailsa Craig (AC) × Gardener's Delight (GD) produced the highest yield. The small-fruited parents, Red Alert and Gardener's Delight, had higher general combining ability value for salt tolerance than the large-fruited, Ailsa Craig and Moneymaker, for fruit yield components. RA and GD were superior parents in transmitting salt tolerance. The study revealed that plant selection could be used to improve varietal performance for salt tolerance. It is also suggested that the potential variation in commercial cultivars could be exploited to improve adaptability to more saline growing conditions till resistant cultivars are developed through crosses with the wild species or genetic transformation with optimum management practices.


Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Anil Bhushan ◽  
R. K. Samnotra ◽  
Tuhina Dey ◽  
Manmohan Sharma ◽  
...  

Assessment of genetic diversity was made for sixteen yields and yield contributing traits in twenty-one tomato genotypes using D2 statistics. These genotypes were grouped into five clusters by the use of the Tocher method. Cluster I was the most significant, comprising 13 genotypes (Pusa Ruby, CLN2123A1 Red, PKM-1, IIHR-2042, Marglobe, EC 163605, Hawaii 7998, Palam Pink, EC 521038, Punjab Rakthak, EC 163383, Arka Abha and IIVR BT-10) followed by Cluster II  with 5 genotypes (EC 163611, Punjab Sartaj, EC 160885, Punjab Barkha Bahar  and Roma). Other Clusters (II, IV and V) were solitary ones (EC 249515, Kashi Chayan, DVRT-2). Cluster II recorded a maximum intra cluster distance of 3521.73 followed by cluster I (2796.45), whereas, cluster II, IV and V had zero intra cluster distance. The inter cluster D2 value also ranged widely, with a minimum value of 4082.34 between cluster I and IV, indicating a close relationship among the genotypes included. The maximum inter cluster D2 value (23102.20) between cluster II and V indicates high diversity among the genotypes in the clusters. Hence,   maximum contribution towards divergence was observed by average fruit weight (14%) followed by fruit set percentage (12%), number of flowers per cluster (8%), fruit yield per plant (7%), number of fruits per truss (6 %) and total soluble solid content (6 %). Hence, due importance could be given to the selection of genotypes for further improvement based on these traits.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Alfonso Parra-Coronado ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Jesús Camacho-Tamayo

The quality of pineapple guava fruits during post-harvest storage depends directly on their quality at harvest and is influenced by climatic conditions during growth. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of climatic conditions on certain parameters of fruit quality during post-harvest storage. Twenty trees were tagged in two locations within the department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), recording the climatic conditions during fruit growth until harvest. The fruits were differentiated by place of origin and stored at 18 ± 1ºC (76 ± 5% relative humidity, RH) for 11 d or 5 ± 1ºC (87 ± 5% RH) for 31 d, evaluating several quality attributes every two d. The places of origin were San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m a.s.l., 20.6oC, 63-97% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 1,493 mm) and Tenjo (2,580 m a.s.l., 12.5oC, 74-86% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 765 mm). The results indicated that the fruits stored at the highest temperature were sweeter and had reduced weight and firmness, lower acidity, and faster postharvest senescence (lower post-harvest durability). The postharvestN fruit characteristics were determined by considering the fruit quality during growth and the influence of climatic conditions during cultivation in each location. At the higher altitudes, the total soluble solid content in the fruits was higher and firmness decreased, and the total titratable acidity and weight loss were lower. For fruit color, significant differences were not observed that would demonstrate the effect of climatic conditions during the post-harvest period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Cappetta ◽  
Giuseppe Andolfo ◽  
Anna Guadagno ◽  
Antonio Di Matteo ◽  
Amalia Barone ◽  
...  

AbstractMany studies showed that few degrees above tomato optimum growth temperature threshold can lead to serious loss in production. Therefore, the development of innovative strategies to obtain tomato cultivars with improved yield under high temperature conditions is a main goal both for basic genetic studies and breeding activities. In this paper, a F4 segregating population was phenotypically evaluated for quantitative and qualitative traits under heat stress conditions. Moreover, a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach has been employed for building up genomic selection (GS) models both for yield and soluble solid content (SCC). Several parameters, including training population size, composition and marker quality were tested to predict genotype performance under heat stress conditions. A good prediction accuracy for the two analyzed traits (0.729 for yield production and 0.715 for SCC) was obtained. The predicted models improved the genetic gain of selection in the next breeding cycles, suggesting that GS approach is a promising strategy to accelerate breeding for heat tolerance in tomato. Finally, the annotation of SNPs located in gene body regions combined with QTL analysis allowed the identification of five candidates putatively involved in high temperatures response, and the building up of a GS model based on calibrated panel of SNP markers.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Sajid Majeed ◽  
Iqrar Ahmad Rana ◽  
Muhammad Salman Mubarik ◽  
Rana Muhammad Atif ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yang ◽  
...  

The demand for cotton fibres is increasing due to growing global population while its production is facing challenges from an unpredictable rise in temperature owing to rapidly changing climatic conditions. High temperature stress is a major stumbling block relative to agricultural production around the world. Therefore, the development of thermo-stable cotton cultivars is gaining popularity. Understanding the effects of heat stress on various stages of plant growth and development and its tolerance mechanism is a prerequisite for initiating cotton breeding programs to sustain lint yield without compromising its quality under high temperature stress conditions. Thus, cotton breeders should consider all possible options, such as developing superior cultivars through traditional breeding, utilizing molecular markers and transgenic technologies, or using genome editing techniques to obtain desired features. Therefore, this review article discusses the likely effects of heat stress on cotton plants, tolerance mechanisms, and possible breeding strategies.


Author(s):  
Hassan Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Jafar Jaskani ◽  
Waqar Shafqat ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Summar Abbas Naqvi ◽  
...  

There is an immense need to replace chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers to address the soil, environment, and health issues. Endophytic bacteria act as biocontrol agents and promote plant growth and yield. Present study was designed to evaluate the microbial effect of endophytic bacteria on growth, fruit yield and quality of phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.). Three years old healthy, disease and insect-pest free plants were selected for the study. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four treatments; control, two bacteria such as Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN, Bacillus sp. strain MN54 and their combination (PsJN + MN54) with three replications. The treatments were applied after pruning (January) and flowering (March) as plants need nutrition for both vegetative and reproductive growth. Combined application of PsJN + MN54 resulted in greater vegetative and reproductive growths of plants i.e. number of shoots/plant (29.6), number of leaves/shoot (15.9), number of fruit clusters/shoot (14.0), number of fruits/cluster (14.1), fruit weight (13.7 g) and yield/plant (8.8 kg) than PsJN or MN54 alone and control. Fruit biochemical characteristic i.e. TSS (8.78 °Brix), TA (0.53%), ascorbic acid (44.44 mg 100 mL-1), total sugar (12.29%), reducing sugar (9.59%) and non-reducing sugar (4.92%) contents were also higher in plants treated with PsJN + MN54. All growth, yield and biochemical parameters correlated positively with each other except titratable acidity. Based on performance, the combined treatment (PsJN + MN54) can be applied at two stages, after pruning and at flowering, for better growth, yield and quality of phalsa crop.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA VERÔNICA MENEZES DE AGUIAR ◽  
◽  
LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE ◽  
ROSEANO MEDEIROS DA SILVA ◽  
TONY ANDRESON GUEDES DANTAS ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating the effects of bovine biofertilizer on passion fruit production and fruit quality. We carried out an experiment in the city of Nova Floresta, Paraíba State, Brazil. It was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications and three plants per plot. We adopted a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, which evaluated three passion fruit genotypes and five cattle biofertilizer doses. The assessed genotypes consisted of a local one (Guinezinho - LG) and two hybrids (BRS Gigante Amarelo - GA and BRS Sol do Cerrado - SC). We applied five rates of cattle biofertilizer (B) monthly at a constant volume of 5 L plant-1, after diluting in irrigation water (W) at an electrical conductivity of 1.4 dS m-1. The evaluated rates were 0% (100% irrigation water - 0B + 5W), 10% (1B + 9W), 20% (2B + 8W), 30% (3B + 7W) and 40% (4B + 6W). Every week, we sampled, counted and weighed fruit to gather data on fruit number per plant, pant production, and yield. At peak production, we also sampled two fruit randomly from each plot floor area. These fruits were used for determinations of the average mass in fruit, peel and pulp (seeds + juice), peel thickness, fruit diameter and length, pulp yield, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, vitamin C, pH and pulp electrical conductivity. As a result, we observed that the biofertilizer did not compromise both LG and GA production capacity. Overall, the biofertilizer doses provided quality characteristics superior to those required by the fruit market.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3254
Author(s):  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Maria Aparecida do Carmo Mouco ◽  
Victor Pimenta Martins de Andrade ◽  
Pedro Paulo Bezerra ◽  
Eugenio Ferreira Coelho

Mango production has been having a great economical expression in the Brazilian agriculture. However, the economic crisis and increased competitiveness of the international market required improvements in the crop efficiency for its sustainability. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation system on the physiology and fruit yield and quality of Palmer mango trees in the semiarid conditions of the Lower Middle São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Agranvil Farm, in Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, with harvests in July 2013 and October 2014. A randomized block statistical design was used, with four treatments replicated in 5 blocks, during two production cycles. The treatments consisted of four irrigation systems: one micro sprinkler under the plant canopy (MSPC); drip system with two lateral lines per plant row (DSLL); one micro sprinkler between plants (MSBP); and ring-shaped drip system around the plants (RSDS). All treatments provided a flow rate of 56 L h-1 plant-1. The physiological characteristics evaluated were: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, and leaf temperature. Fruit yield, quantity, mean weight, volume, soluble solid content, titratable acidity (TA), density, and pulp firmness were evaluated after the harvest. The evaluated treatments presented significant differences for the physiological variables. The treatment DSLL provided higher number of fruits and fruit yield, and the treatment MSBP provided the lowest results for these variables.


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