scholarly journals Chilean Educational Reform (2014-2018) and its Impact on Higher Education System

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
José Manuel Morales Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Political Dispute ◽  
The Impact

During the second term of the President Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018), a transversal educational reform was carried out. To tertiary education its main purpose was to provide free tuition for higher education institutions (HEIs): Universities, Technical Training Centers (CFT) and Professional Institutes (IP). In that context, this paper analyzes the impact of this educational reform as it pertains to the Chilean system of higher education, with special focus on the implementation of free tuition as a new way to transfer resources from the State to HEIs. The methods used is the documental analysis of different legal texts, as Acts and Budget Acts. They are analyzing to identify manifestations of governmental rationality, identifying  the language-in-use or its performative dimension. The analysis considers political variables and how they influenced the process. Its focus is to see legal and institutional changes along with public budget and the impact of HEIs enrolment. The results indicate that despite the significant transformations carried out in the sphere of higher education, the reform could not achieve a significant change in the relationship between the State and HEIs due to the political dispute that arose in the process, thus achieving mixed results. Chilean higher education provides an interesting case study which can serve as reference for educational debates in other countries.

scholarly journals Indicators of Regional Innovation Clusters’ Effectiveness in the Higher Education System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Iryna Lysenko ◽  
Serhii Stepenko ◽  
Hanna Dyvnych
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
State Education ◽  
Innovation Clusters ◽  
The Impact

Under globalization conditions, the main priority of the state education policy in many countries of the world is to ensure higher education quality. This is possible through close and efficient cooperation between the state, higher education institutions, future specialists, employers and innovative structures (clusters). This study focuses on the development of indicators that can comprehensively assess the effectiveness of regional innovation clusters in the higher education system. The main attention is given to the analysis of innovations, business, education development and competitiveness, as indicators of the effectiveness of regional innovation clusters in the higher education system. The following methods have been used within the research: content analysis, statistical, correlation and regression analysis, econometric modeling and the graphical method. As a result of the research, indicators of the effectiveness of regional innovation clusters have been identified and the impact of these indicators on the higher education system has been evaluated. The authors have shown that there is a close relationship between the level of development of regional innovation clusters, indicators of business and innovations development, and the level of competitiveness. The direct impact of those on the higher education system has been established and confirmed by the provided calculations.

scholarly journals Analysis of the state order and budget expenses for its funding

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4(61)) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Victor Chentsov ◽  
Olha Hryhorash ◽  
Tetiana Hryhorash
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Order Allocation ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The object of the research is the budget expenditures for the state order funding. One of the most problematic places is, on the one hand, the lack of financial resources, and on the other hand, the low efficiency of their allocation. Using the method of vertical and horizontal analysis, the expenditures of the consolidated budget for higher education are explored by the example of Ukraine. It was found that the share of the consolidated budget of Ukraine for higher education in % of GDP is one of the largest in Europe, however, the amount of funding is insignificant in monetary terms, which makes it impossible to improve the quality of higher education. The amount of the state order for training of specialists and expenditures of the consolidated budget are analyzed. On the basis of the results of the analysis of the legislation, the impact of elements of the system of formation and state order placement on its effectiveness is assessed. During 2012–2020, the consolidated budget expenditures tended to increase (except for the crisis of 2020, when there was a general economic growth disruption). At the same time, the number of budget places reduced annually until 2018. The analysis of the system of the state order allocation showed that during 2012–2020 it had been changed several times. The main advantages and disadvantages of the system of state order allocation at the stages of its transformation are identified in the paper. Until 2015 the state order allocation was carried out manually. Since 2017 a mechanism for state order addressing has been introduced. In 2020 the mechanism of cost allocation between higher education institutions was changed and indicative prices were introduced. Due to the analysis of the conditions of state order allocation and cost allocation between higher education institutions, it is possible to take into account the main factors that contribute and block the efficiency and effectiveness of funding the higher education system in Ukraine

scholarly journals Poland's Transition In Business Education

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bozena Leven
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Higher Education Reform ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Impact

Prior to Poland's transition from central planning to a market system, which began in 1990, schools of business were non-existent in that country. Instead, university level instruction on economics during the socialist period was closely tied to ideological priorities, and limited to imparting skills suitable for planned economy. All universities were owned by the state, heavily politicized, and solely focused on supporting a centrally planned economy.  There was no meaningful attempt to impart, or even describe, market oriented theories, leaving Poland almost wholly without the basic human capital needed to run a market economy. This backdrop makes higher education reform particularly crucial for Poland’s continued economic development and, to date, marketization has fundamentally transformed that sector.  Poland’s current higher education system is now compatible with those of many Western European countries, relies on standard Western curricula, and enjoys significant academic autonomy, which exceeds that of some more developed Western countries. This sector has also seen an unprecedented growth in economics and business programs enrollments, along with the formation of private universities.  Indeed, the depth and rapidity of Poland's progress in reforming higher education stands in marked contrast to that of other former centrally planned economies, and may serve as an interesting case study for potential reforms in Russia and other former Soviet republics.  In this paper we describe the progress and effects of several major reforms in Poland's higher business education, examining changes in funding, potential funding sources, the structure of faculty governance, educational programs and degrees granted, the formation of new curricula, and Poland’s system of faculty promotion. Following this examination, we identify and discuss a number of continuing systemic obstacles to further progress in this area, and discuss how they might be addressed.  In addition, we apply Western metrics to assess and evaluate the impact of reform on the current and future quality of Poland's business education. One consequence of Poland's transition to a market economy is its high level of governmental involvement in income redistribution policies,  and  a  quasi-monopolistic position regarding the provision of such services as for example, health care, and quality higher education .  Because these governmental policies have parallels in the experiences of European countries, those experiences provide insights into possible outcomes upon which various policy recommendations for Poland may be drawn.

scholarly journals Governance of Somali Tertiary Education Systems: A Case Study in Complexity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Abdiqani Ahmed Farah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

            Governance of Tertiary Education Systems (TES) in Somalia and how the system of coordination described by Clark (1983) which tries to introduce order of the three dominating forces of educational system: “the state, the market and oligarchy”, is examined in this paper. How comparatively Higher Education Systems (HES) is structured, or inadvertently coordinated, arranged and rearranged since the formal Higher Education (HE) has been introduced into Somali nation state will also be examined from a vantage point of whether this trend is in line with other nations’ conventional TES. In the first twenty years, the dynamic system of coordination, which according to Clark introduces order into the three dominating forces of the Somali educational system, could not have been possible, as only the state owned and bank-rolled all Higher Education Institutions (HEI) that existed at the time. Thus the “academic oligarchy and the market” took a secondary role. The incentive of job guarantees for the new graduates by the authority made difficult to estimate the ‘quality of the education’, which in turn, could have compromised their ability and efficiency in their professional contexts. In post-conflict Somalia, the higher education system has dramatically increased with over one hundred universities now open throughout the country with no or little regulations. This time round though, the other two educational forces, the market and oligarchy are playing pivotal roles while that of the government has disappeared. Over the years since the collapse of the state in 1991, the national government’s influence decreased ceding so much higher education space, to the five Federal Member States (FMSs). Thus, the situation fits with Clark’s dynamic model showing that it is a system capable of reflecting upon ongoing change within the overall socio-political situation. What seems to be developing in the Somali higher education context therefore, is a system in which each force is autonomous with no clear goals shared within the larger structure. As for tertiary education in general, complemented by the rapidly changing world of work, the consensus is 'Having the right qualifications, in the right subjects, from the right institutions' that will benefit all sectors of the economy. It is with that in mind that the disparity between the way in which HE is delivered and the world of work is also examined in this paper. If this important complementarity is not analyzed in the current situation of Somalia, it could pose huge problematic consequences for tertiary education in the country. It is the case that HEIs did not give deserved attention to job market demands as they hardly study that to better serve the needs of employers. collaborative initiatives between the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MoEHE) and the private sector to support HE is being examined in the final part of this paper.

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

The impact of business tourism clustering on the regional economy's development: A Greater Moscow case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1414
Author(s):  
K.S. Golondarev
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article explores the issues of business tourism clustering in Greater Moscow. Objectives. The article intends to justify the need to create a business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow to improve the investment climate in the region. Methods. For the study, I used a multivariate analysis, forecasting, and extrapolation. Results. The article shows a certain relationship between the efficient functioning of the business tourism cluster and the economy's development. Conclusions and Relevance. Certain types of tourist clusters can serve as platforms for attracting investors and implementing marketing plans. The business tourism cluster is a link between buyers and sellers in various industries. The results of the study can be used to improve the effectiveness of the cluster initiative in business tourism, as well as find ways of cooperation between the State and private investors when creating the business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow.

scholarly journals To what extent emotion, cognition and behaviour enhance a student’s engagement: A case study on the MAJA teaching approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110320
Author(s):  
Matt M. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Student Aspirations ◽  
Class Environment

This empirical article problematises student engagement in today’s higher education system. The objective of this research is to stimulate a student’s behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement. I employed an inclusive, inductive and reflexive approach and used mixed methods for collecting data from 948 volunteer participants. The preliminary findings illustrate that playing soft or lively music for a few minutes before a class as well as contextualising and delivering course content combined with enrolled students’ background, hobbies and preferences can go a long way in stimulating emotional and cognitive engagements. The findings also reveal that offering chair yoga during mid-term and/or final exam periods as well as encouraging students to hydrate can lead to increasing behavioural adjustments and then in attention and engagement. The results are encapsulated in a novel teaching framework, MAJA (meaning fun in Sanskrit) that stands for: (a) music, (b) anonymous class survey, (c) jest, and (d) aliment. The framework illuminates that when students tangibly sense a connection between a safe and comfortable class environment and course content, their participation increases and absenteeism decreases. They also promote student aspirations and accountability that facilitate critical thinking, an imperative learning outcome in higher education.

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