scholarly journals Outbreak of COVID-19: Impact on Socio-Economic Condition of Shrimp Farmers in South-West Coastal Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Shawon Ahmmed ◽  
Mizanur Rahman Washim ◽  
A. K. M. Shafiqul Alam Rubel ◽  
Md. Latiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Income Status ◽  
South West

Aims: The study investigated the impacts of COVID-19 on livelihood status of coastal Shrimp farmers using farm size, production and income of South-west Bangladesh. Study Design: This study is empirical in its design. Data on socio-economic factors were collected randomly from selected Shrimp farmers.  Both open and closed ended questionnaire and directed to the Shrimp farmers of South-west coastal region of Bangladesh. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out at Khulna district (seven selected Shrimp farming locations; viz., Paikgacha, Lasker, Goroikhali, Lata, Kapilmuni, Amadi and Koyra) of Bangladesh for a period of five months during pandemic of COVID-19 (April-August, 2020). Methodology: The key data were collected from face to face interview of 120 respondents. A brief outline about the nature and aim of the study was given to each respondent before the interview was commenced. The information of the respondents were written in the questionnaire immediately after completing the interview. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (version 2016). Results: Most of the respondents were middle aged (68 %) and living in nuclear families (71 %). Majority of the Shrimp farmers were illiterate (53 %). A greater proportion (66 %) involved in small scale Shrimp farming as a primary occupation followed by moderate (27 %) and large scale (7 %) Shrimp farming. More than half of the respondents earned >20000 BDT (USD$ 1 = 85 BDT) in each month before the pandemic. The production activities were seriously hampered due to unavailability of inputs including aquamedicine, disinfectants, labor crisis, seed and feed, growing the price of production materials and interrupted communication etc. due to the pandemic. However the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic reduced the production from their Shrimp ghers, drastically curtailed the market price, and consequently greatly compressed their income and livelihoods. Conclusion: The pandemic known as COVID-19 has had a catastrophic impact on human activities, with the Shrimp farming sector being no exception. This study revealed that the socio-economic and income status of the Shrimp farmers was noticeably vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, large numbers of farmer families were unable to fulfill their minimum needs (food, income, and medical care).

scholarly journals Farm Size, Risk Aversion and Overuse of Fertilizer: The Heterogeneity of Large-Scale and Small-Scale Wheat Farmers in Northern China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Haixia Wu ◽  
Hantao Hao ◽  
Hongzhen Lei ◽  
Yan Ge ◽  
Hengtong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Deviation Degree ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The excessive use of fertilizer has resulted in serious environmental degradation and a high health cost in China. Understanding the reasons for the overuse of fertilizer is critical to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and large-scale operation is considered as one of the measures to deal with the excessive fertilizer use. Under the premise of fully considering the resource endowment and heterogeneity of large-scale farmers and small-scale farmers in production and management, different production decision-making frameworks were constructed. Based on the 300 large-scale farmers and 480 small-scale farmers in eight provinces of northern China wheat region, we analyzed the optimal fertilizer use amount and its deviation as well as the influencing factors of small-scale and large-scale farmers, then further clarified whether the development of scale management could solve the problem of excessive fertilizer use. The empirical results show that: (1) both small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers deviated from the optimal fertilizer application amount, where the deviation degree of optimal fertilizer application of small-scale farmers is significantly higher than that of large-scale farmers, with a deviation degree of 35.43% and 23.69% for small and large scale farmers, respectively; (2) not all wheat growers in North China had the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizer, as the optimal level of chemical fertilizer application in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia are 346.5 kgha−1 and 335.25 kgha−1, while the actual fertilizer use amount was 337.2 kgha−1 and 324.6 kgha−1, respectively; and (3) the higher the risk aversion level, farmers tended to apply more fertilizer to ensure grain output. Therefore, increasing farm size should be integrated into actions such as improving technological innovation and providing better information transfer to achieve the goal of zero-increase in Chinese fertilizer use.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF HURDLES MEDIA LEARNING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Balango ◽  
Ruslan Ruslan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Product Testing ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Class V ◽  
Media Learning ◽  
Data Design ◽  
Testing Product

Learning facilities are often a problem in the learning process for athletic sports. The purpose of this study was to produce a product to develop a hurdling learning tool. The subjects of the small scale trial were class IV which assessed 28 students, and the subjects of the large scale trial were class V who were assessed 32 who were in SDN 70 Kota Tengah Kota Gorontalo. The method in this research is related to determining potentials and problems, design data, design validation, revised design, product testing, product testing, usage trials, product revisions, product testing. The results of this development research are in the form of a tool made from a rubber band with adjustable height support poles then poured out and packed into a book.

Determinants of technical efficiency in agriculture in new EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Bojnec ◽  
Imre Fertő ◽  
Attila Jámbor ◽  
József Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
New Eu Member States

Technical efficiency in agriculture of 10 new EU member states is analysed by Data Envelopment Analysis and econometric panel data analysis. Technical efficiency in agriculture is significantly positively associated with agricultural factor endowments, average farm size, farm specialisation, small-scale farms, and technological change. Foreign direct investments have an ambiguous effect. Reform and institutional developments, large-scale privatisation and price liberalisation, and urban- rural income gap are associated with technical efficiency in agriculture positively. An increase in technical efficiency in agriculture and the development of the rural economy are seen as a strategy to boost the level of living standards in agriculture and in rural areas.

scholarly journals Adoption of Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices (VietGAP) in Aquaculture: Evidence From Small-Scale Shrimp Farming

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THI KIM QUYEN ◽  
◽  
TRAN THI BACH YEN ◽  
ANNA KARIA LERØY RIPLE
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Shrimp Farms

The increasing demand by international customers for high-quality shrimp products has led to the introduction of various certificates of traceability intended to validate quality products in Vietnam. The Vietnamese good agricultural practices (VietGAP), better known in aquaculture as the Vietnamese good aquaculture practices, has emerged as a reliable certificate for small-scale farmers and a prerequisite for international certification. This study investigates factors affecting applications for VietGAP by small-scale shrimp farmers in Vietnam. Cost-benefit analysis and binary logistic regression approaches were used to categorise shrimp farms with and without VietGAP certification. Findings indicated that while the adoption of VietGAP raised production costs by 14.5 %, it could increase net profit by up to 22 %. The increase in net profit is from increased productivity and antibiotics and chemical-free products in shrimp farming, helped fetch better prices. The results also revealed three factors that positively influenced the farmers’ decision to acquire VietGAP; education, farm size, and production system. Shrimp farmers with longer schooling years, larger farms, and those who possess cooperative/farming cluster membership are more likely to acquire VietGAP certification. The results imply that the VietGAP certification should be better promoted to cooperative production forms of farming, by strengthening the schooling year of farmers and increasing awareness of VietGAP certification to farmers who operate shrimp farms of 5,000–9,000 m2.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on shrimp farming in the South-West coastal region of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
Md Adibul Islam ◽  
Md Shariful Islam ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
South West ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The inhabitants of south west region of Bangladesh are prone to floods, cyclones, salinity intrusion and droughts, and the incidence of these hazards is rising. Recently two cyclones (known as Aila and Sidr) hit the southwest region of Bangladesh. Considering the above in view, research had been conducted for understanding the impacts and adaptation measures through sustainable coastal resources management in the cyclone affected greater Khulna areas. The present study was carried out (from January to June, 2011) to understand impacts of climate change on the shrimp farming, hatchery and nursery operations in the selected upazilas (Paikgacha and Shyamnagar). The study was conducted both primary and secondary data sources. To collect primary data different methods had been adopted which were informal interview, a pre-formulated questionnaire survey and Focused Group Discussion (FGD). In the study areas, about 80-90% people are involved with shrimp farming with 10-15 years experience. About 60% shrimp farmers thought that the weather has changed abruptly within the last 5 years. The study showed that the first and foremost factor is high temperature (49.5%). Majority (43.21%) encountered that temperature hampered the farm operation while lower growth (54%), low production (19%), loss of crops (13%), less water (4%), mortality (4%), and diseases (4%) occurred due to less rainfall or no rain. From the study, farmers (80%) reported susceptibility of shrimp to diseases in body deformation, spots or lesions on skins while 13.33% mentioned fry susceptibility to diseases. Some time oriented and need based adaptations in shrimp farming are now most concern. Government and other stakeholders should come forward to execute research for adaptations.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 227-239, April 2016

scholarly journals Design of an Integrated Cotton Picking System for Small-Scale Indian Agriculture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N. Bautista ◽  
Guillermo F. Diaz Lankenau ◽  
Steven P. Guitron ◽  
Brandon D. Jennings ◽  
Rahul Nechlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Cotton Picking

India, the world’s largest producer of cotton, contains more than 4 million cotton farms that are less than 5 acres. These farms are incapable of large-scale mechanization due to small farm size and irregular farm shape. A previous team developed a handheld, roller-based picking device that demonstrated increased performance over similar products. However, a significant improvement in productivity requires increasing picking speed through mechanization as well as increasing worker cotton carrying capacity. We present a system that utilizes the roller-based picking device in tandem with a compressive storage bag and an efficient carrier. Through modeling and initial testing, the system demonstrates a two times (2X) improvement in worker productivity over current methods. This paper characterizes the cotton picking process, details the modules of the integrated system, and suggests further procedural improvements for greater increases in worker productivity.

scholarly journals Tingkat Dukungan Domestik untuk Sektor Pertanian Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahlim Sudaryanto ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal ◽  
Reni Kustiari ◽  
Saktyanu K. Dermoredjo ◽  
Chairul Muslim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Domestic Support

<p>There is common perception that domestic support to agriculture in Indonesia is relatively small. Therefore, the level, composition, and trend of support to agriculture require an in-depth analysis.  Some types of commonly used indicators on support to agriculture are <em>Producer Support Estimate </em>(PSE), <em>Total Support Estimate </em>(TSE), and<em> General Services Support Estimate </em>(GSSE). These indicators are analyzed for Indonesian agriculture covering the period of 1995–2014, and consist of 15 commodities. The PSE estimate indicates an increasing trend from 3.9% in 1995–1997 to 20.6% in 2012–2014. In 2012–2014 the PSE of Indonesian agriculture was slightly higher than that of China (19.2%) but larger compared to that of OECD average (17.9%). The<em> </em>TSE estimate (% to GDP) significantly increased from 0.8% in 1995–1997 to 3.6% in 2012–2014. In 2012–2014 the TSE of agriculture in Indonesia was the largest. Agricultural support in term of market price support has caused an increased price at the consumer level which ultimately reduces food nutrition intake. In the long run, more effective policy is to promote agricultural production and productivity through innovation, investment on infrastructures, and easing private sector investment. The largest part of government budget is spent on fertilizer subsidy which proportionately benefits large-scale farmers and fertilizer industry. More efficient scheme is to convert this subsidy into direct payment targeted to small-scale farmers.</p><p> </p><p align="left">Abstrak</p><p>Selama ini ada anggapan umum bahwa dukungan domestik (<em>domestic</em> <em>supports)</em> terhadap sektor pertanian Indonesia masih relatif rendah. Sehubungan itu, besaran dan komposisi dukungan serta bagaimana perubahannya antarwaktu, perlu dianalisis dengan seksama. Beberapa indikator yang biasa digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat dukungan tersebut adalah <em>Producer Support Estimate </em>(PSE), <em>Total Support Estimate </em>(TSE), dan<em> </em>(<em>General Services Support Estimate </em>(GSSE). Berbagai indikator tersebut telah dianalisis untuk sektor pertanian Indonesia meliputi periode tahun 1995–2014 dan mencakup 15 komoditas. Nilai PSE menunjukkan tren<em> </em>peningkatan dari 3,9% tahun 1995–1997 menjadi 20,6% tahun 2012–2014. Pada tahun 2012–2014 nilai PSE sektor pertanian Indonesia sedikit lebih tinggi dari Tiongkok (19,2%), namun lebih tinggi dari negara-negara OECD (17,9%). Nilai TSE sektor pertanian Indonesia (% terhadap PDB) meningkat secara signifikan dari 0,8% tahun 1995–1997 menjadi 3,6% tahun 2012–2014. Pada tahun 2012–2014 nilai TSE Indonesia adalah yang tertinggi. Hasil analisis ini menolak anggapan umum bahwa perhatian pemerintah terhadap sektor pertanian relatif kurang. Dukungan terhadap sektor pertanian dalam bentuk perlindungan harga akan berdampak pada peningkatan harga pangan di tingkat konsumen yang pada akhirnya menurunkan asupan gizi masyarakat.  Dalam jangka panjang, prioritas kebijakan yang lebih efektif adalah peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas melalui sistem inovasi, pembangunan infrastruktur, dan mempermudah investasi swasta. Sebagian besar transfer anggaran pemerintah untuk sektor pertanian adalah subsidi pupuk yang secara kumulatif lebih banyak dinikmati oleh para petani luas dan produsen pupuk.  Skema yang lebih efisien adalah mengonversi subsidi tersebut ke dalam sistem transfer pendapatan dan dibatasi hanya untuk petani kecil.</p>

scholarly journals Indicator Based Spatial Climate Change Vulnerability of South West Coastal Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Razzaque ◽  
Muhammed Alamgir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
South West ◽  
The Future

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the indicator based climate change vulnerability of south west coastal Bangladesh and its future. Place of Study: Four districts form south west coastal Bangladesh, having a total of 50 upazilas, have been selected as the study area. They are Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Pirojpur, Barguna and Patuakhali districts. Methodology: This study has been conducted, using multivariate statistical techniques, to assess the vulnerabilities of the coastal region of Bangladesh by considering the IPCC framework of vulnerability studies. A total of 31 indicators have been selected of which 23 are socio-economic and 8 are biophysical which have been retrieved from the secondary sources. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been applied to derive unbiased weights of all indicators considering both present (2011) and the future (2050) climate change scenarios. Results: This study has identified 7 principal components through PCA which has been grouped as PC1 (Demographic Vulnerability), PC2 (Economic Vulnerability), PC3 (Climatic Vulnerability), PC4 (Health Vulnerability), PC5 (Agricultural Vulnerability), PC6 (Infrastructural Vulnerability) and PC7 (Water Vulnerability). For all 7 PCA groups (termed as vulnerability profile), the number of high and medium vulnerable coastal Upazilas will be significantly changed in the future. No of highly vulnerable Upazila will increase from 0 to 1 for PC1, unchanged for PC2, increase from 0 to 1 for PC3, from 32 to 33 for PC4, from 47 to 68 for PC5, decrease from 48 to 46 for PC6, and an increase from 14 to 21 for PC7, respectively. Conclusion: Discrete spatial maps of each profile have been generated to assess the regional variation of all vulnerability profiles across the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. The findings of this study might be useful for policy makers and planners.

Farmers’ perceptions and management of risk in rice/shrimp farming systems in South-West Coastal Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 104577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Kabir ◽  
Rob Cramb ◽  
Mohammad Alauddin ◽  
Donald S. Gaydon ◽  
Christian H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
South West ◽  
Management Of Risk

scholarly journals Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size: A Case Study of Wheat Farmers in Nakuru District, Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mburu ◽  
Chris Ackello-Ogutu ◽  
Richard Mulwa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The primary objective of this study is to examine the effect of farm size on economic efficiency among wheat producers and to suggest ways to improve wheat production in the country. Specifically, the study attempts to estimate the levels of technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies among the sampled 130 large and small scale wheat producers in Nakuru District. The social-economic factors that influence economic efficiency in wheat production have also been determined. Results indicate that the mean technical, allocative, and economic efficiency indices of small scale wheat farmers are 85%, 96%, and 84%, respectively. The corresponding figures for the large scale farmers are 91%, 94%, and 88%, respectively. The number of years of school a farmer has had in formal education, distance to extension advice, and the size of the farm have strong influence on the efficiency levels. The relatively high levels of technical efficiency among the small scale farmers defy the notion that wheat can only be efficiently produced by the large scale farmers.

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