scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Birth Weight and Gender of Newborn Infants

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jide Onyekwelu ◽  
Chike H. Nwankwo ◽  
I. C. A. Oyeka
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Birth weight is an important determinant of infant morbidity and mortality. Its effect extends upto adult life and may explain some non-communicable diseases that may occur in adult life. In general, males weigh more than females. Birth weight is categorised into three levels, viz., low, normal and high. This study analysed the relationship between gender and the categories of birth weights. Materials and Methods: Data on babies’ gender and birth weights from 961 term life deliveries in a private general practice hospital were analysed. Test on equality of the mean weight of males and females at the three categorical levels were done using z test and t-tests, as necessary. Results: Mean birth weight was found to be 3.30 ± 0.495 kg. Males weighed significantly heavier than females at mean weights of 3.343 ± 0.495 kg and 3.258 ± 0.490 kg, respectively. In the low birth weight category, males weighed 1.844 ± 0.297 kg and females weighed 1.992 ± 0.397 kg. There was no significant difference. Similarly, the mean weight of males and females in the high birth weight category were 4.462 ± 0.343 kg and 4.342 ± 0.219 kg, respectively with no significant difference. In the normal weight category, males weighed significantly more than the females with the mean weight of 3.30 ± 0.359 kg and 3.248 ± 0.392 kg, respectively. Conclusion: Male babies weighed more than female babies only in the normal birth weight category. The factor that selectively affected the birth weight of male babies must be acting under the category of normal birth weight only. More studies are necessary to identify the factors and the reasons, for which they act only at the level of the normal birth weight.  

scholarly journals Comparing Growth and Development of Low and Normal Birth Weight Children at Age of 60 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Maharlouei ◽  
Sogand Farhangian ◽  
Hadi Raeisi Shahraki ◽  
Abbas Rezaianzadeh ◽  
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Birth Weight Children ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

Background: Low birth weight (LBW < 2500 g) is one of the most serious problems in today’s world. It is also a predictor for mortality and stunting. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the growth and development at the age of 60 months between children born with low and normal birth weight in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This study is part of the Fars birth cohort (FBC) study with the data of children who were born in 2011. We called mothers and asked them to bring their children to the FBC clinic for further evaluation. We also determined the level of development at the age of 60 months for each child by using the Ages and Stages questionnaire (ASQ) for the children. Results: Of the children, 304 (51.4%) were girls. Most of them had normal birth weight (93.2%), had exclusive breastfeeding for five to six months (79.9%), and did not have any chronic diseases (77.8%). Growth indices at the age of 60 months were significantly higher in children with normal birth weight than in their LBW peers (P < 0.001). However, we found no significant difference in children’s development at the age of 60 months between normal and low birth weight children. Conclusions: Although growth indices of children at the age of 60 months were higher in children with normal birth weight, we found no significant difference in children’s development at the age of 60 months between normal and low birth weight children.

scholarly journals Role of birth weight and predisposition for adverse body composition in early childhood: Findings from the ROLO study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Eileen C. O'Brien ◽  
Mary Horan ◽  
Jean Donnelly ◽  
Eleanor Molloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Birth

AbstractIntroduction:The early fetal environment during pregnancy is extremely important and research indicates that weight at birth can have crucial impacts for the individual's health later in life. With rates of childhood obesity estimated to be as high as 21% in some European countries, it is vital that early risk factors are identified so that interventions can be developed. We aimed to investigate if children born macrosomic (birth weight > 4kg) remained larger than normal birth weight babies up to 5 years of age.Materials and Methods:This is a longitudinal follow-up of 387 five-year-old children (53% born with macrosomia, 47% normal birth weight) born into the ROLO randomised control trial in the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin (ISRCTN54392969). Birth weight was previously recorded then at 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years of age child height, weight, anthropometric and skinfold measurements were collected. Body Mass Index (kg/m2) and centiles were calculated. Student t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the two groups with multiple linear regression modelling to control for confounders.Results:Children with a birth weight > 4 kg had consistently higher weights, lengths, and BMI centiles, along with increased head and chest circumferences, compared to normal birth weight children from 6 months up to 5 years of age (p < 0.05). After controlling for child sex, intervention group, smoking during pregnancy, maternal education status, and maternal BMI, children with macrosomia were 0.61 kg heavier than non-macrosomic infants at 5 years of age (95% CI: 0.04–1.18, p < 0.05).Discussion:Children born with a high birth weight remain heavier and larger into childhood. These individuals are at a higher risk of obesity which highlights the need for monitoring and potential interventions, both during pregnancy and in infancy, to curb the current childhood obesity crisis.

scholarly journals Abnormal birth weight in urban Nigeria: An examination of related factors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242796
Author(s):  
Olufunke Fayehun ◽  
Soladoye Asa
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Birth

There is a knowledge gap on abnormal birth weight in urban Nigeria where specific community contexts can have a significant impact on a child’s health. Abnormal birth weight, classified into low birth weight and high birth weight, is often associated with adverse health outcomes and a leading risk for neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study used datasets from the birth recode file of 2013 and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS); a weighted sample of pooled 9,244 live births by 7,951 mothers within ten years (2008–2018) in urban Nigeria. The effects of individual, healthcare utilization and community-level variables on the two abnormal birth weight categories were explored with a multinomial logistic regression models using normal birth weight as a reference group. In urban Nigeria, the overall prevalence of ABW was 18.3%; high birth weight accounted for the majority (10.7%) of infants who were outside the normal birth weight range. Predictors of LBW were community (region), child characteristic (the type of birth) and household (wealth index) while that of HBW were community (regions), child characteristics (birth intervals and sex), maternal characteristic (education) and healthcare utilization (ANC registration). LBW was significantly more prevalent in the northern part while HBW was more common in the southern part of urban Nigeria. This pattern conforms to the expected north-south dichotomy in health indicators and outcomes. These differences can be linked to suggested variation in regional exposure to urbanization in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Thin But Fat Phenotype is Uncommon at Birth in Indian Babies

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kuriyan ◽  
Saba Naqvi ◽  
Kishor G Bhat ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
Suman Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth

ABSTRACT Background Indian babies are hypothesized to be born thin but fat. This has not been confirmed with precise measurements at birth. If it is true, it could track into later life and confer risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Objectives Primarily, to accurately measure percentage of body fat (%BF) and body cell mass (BCM) in Indian babies with normal birth weight, compare them across different gestational ages and sex, and test the hypothesis of the thin but fat phenotype in Indian babies. Secondarily, to examine the relation between body weight and body fat in Indian babies. Methods Term newborns (n = 156) weighing ≥2500 g, from middle socioeconomic status mothers were recruited in Bengaluru, India, and their anthropometry, %BF (air displacement plethysmography), and BCM (whole-body potassium counter) were measured. Maternal demography and anthropometry were recorded. The mean %BF and its dispersion were compared with earlier studies. The relation between newborn %BF and body weight was explored by regression analysis. Results Mean birth weight was 3.0 ± 0.3 kg, with mean %BF 9.8 ± 3.5%, which was comparable to pooled estimates of %BF from published studies (9.8%; 95% CI: 9.7, 10.0; P &gt; 0.05). Appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) babies had higher %BF (1.8%) compared to small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies (P &lt; 0.01). Mean %BCM of all babies at birth was 35.4 ± 10.5%; AGA babies had higher %BCM compared to SGA babies (7.0%, P &lt; 0.05). Girls in comparison to boys had significantly higher %BF and lower %BCM. Body weight was positively associated with %BF. Conclusion Indian babies with normal birth weight did not demonstrate the thin but fat phenotype. Body weight and fat had positive correlation, such that SGA babies did not show a preservation of their %BF. These findings will have relevance in planning optimal interventions during early childhood to prevent NCDs risk in adult life.

scholarly journals P0731LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEASURED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN ADULT AGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Steinar Lillås ◽  
Camilla Tã¸ndel ◽  
Bjørn Egil Vikse
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Medical Birth Registry ◽  
Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims Low birth weight (LBW) has been shown to increase the risk of severe kidney disease. Studies have also shown that LBW is associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance in young adults. In the present study we investigated whether LBW associate with measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in 40-50 year old adults. Method Retrospective longitudinal cohort study using the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to invite 200 individuals with LBW (birth weight ≤ 2300 gram) and 200 individuals with normal birth weight (NBW, 3500 – 4000 grams). All participants were aged 41 – 52 at time of examination. GFR was measured using plasma clearance of iohexol. Birth weight and gestational age were reported from the Medical Birth Registry. Main outcome was difference in measured GFR. Results We included 105 individuals – 57 LBW and 48 NBW – 55% females. Mean GFR was 94.8 ± 14.2 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LBW group and 100.2 ± 12.5 ml/min/1.73m2 in the NBW group (p=0.043). In females the mean GFR was 90.4 ± 12.2 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LBW group and 100.5 ± 14.0 ml/min/1.73m2 in the NBW group (p=0.005). In males the mean GFR was 101.4 ± 14.5 and 100 ± 11.2 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LBW and NBW groups respectively (p=0.7). In a multi-regression model adjusting for age, maternal age and maternal civil status, we found an increase in mGFR of 4.5 ml/min/1.73m2 for an increase of 1 kg in birth weight (p= 0.02) for women. For men there was a non-significant decrease of 1.2 ml/min/1.73m2 for an increase of 1 kg in birth weight (p=0.6). Conclusion Women aged 41-52 years with low birth weight had significantly lower measured GFR as compared with participants with normal birth weight, there was no difference for men.

scholarly journals Morbidity profile and immediate outcome of low birth weight neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital of Gujarat, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Manish Rasania ◽  
Sunil Pathak ◽  
Prerna Dogra ◽  
Ayushi Jain ◽  
Neil Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Partnership Model

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) has been defined as a birth weight of <2.5 kilogram regardless of gestational age. In India, every 3rd born child is of LBW. LBW is associated with increased neonatal mortality and morbidity, compromised growth and cognitive development.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using previously collected data from January 2015 to December 2015.Results: Out of 1238 live births, 485 (39.17%) were LBW. 456(94.01%) were LBW weighing >1500 grams (LBW), 22(4.53%) were VLBW, and 07(1.44%) were ELBW. 361(74.43%) were LBW2 (birth weight ≥2000 - <2500 grams), 95(19.58%) were LBW1 (birth weight ≥1500 - <2000 grams). 289(59.58%) of LBW neonates were full term. SNCU admission is significantly higher in LBW neonates (25.8% vs 9.61%). Morbidities were higher in LBW neonates compared to normal birth weight neonates. Difference was more significant in incidence of sepsis (3.72% vs 0.83%), RDS (2.19% vs 0%), TTN (5.48% vs 2.36%), hypoglycemia (1.31% vs 0%), feed intolerance (1.09% vs 0%) and risk of major congenital malformation (1.97% vs 0.27%). Need for respiratory support was 4.82% in LBW vs 2.36% in normal birth weight neonates. Morbidities were significantly higher in VLBW and ELBW neonates. Immediate poor outcome was in 3.92% in LBW neonates, while it was 0.56% in normal weight neonates. Poor immediate outcome was 1.11% in LBW2, 2.10% in LBW1, 10% in VLBW1, 41.66% IN VLBW2, and 100% in ELBW.Conclusions: LBW neonates are at higher risk of morbidities and mortalities. The major determinant for mortality in LBW babies is the birth weight. The best option to prevent LBW is by improving maternal health. Improvement of perinatal and neonatal services   in government sector and public private partnership model of free neonatal care can help to achieve the INAP goal of NMR <10 by 2030. 

scholarly journals Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity (HOMA-IR and IS) Index in Overweight Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

PRILOZI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janchevska ◽  
Zoran Gucev ◽  
Velibor Tasic ◽  
Momir Polenakovic
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in adulthood. Patients and Methods: In 100 children born SGA, and in second cohort having 32 obese children born in term with normal birth weight and height, anthropometric measurements and biochemical metabolic profiles were analysed. The Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity (HOMA-IR and IS) were calculated. Results: Four overweight/obese children (M:F=3:1) with normal height were found among 100 SGA children. The body mass index (BMI) in all 4 children was above the 98th percentile and the mean BMI z-score was (2.04±0.30 SDS). The HOMA-IR index in all four children was increased: 1.26-2.65 (>1). Two teenagers had significant hyperinsulinemia (198.00 uIU/ml and 275 uIU/ml) and were treated with metformin. Two girls needed only a diet and increased physical activity. The mean values of HOMA-IR (1.26-2.65; N< 1) and IS (58 ±17.12) in fo-ur SGA overweight/obese children who caught-up growth had indistinguishable values with the group of 32 (M: F=21:11) obese children (HOMA-IR 1.83±1.2 SDS; IS 82.99±64.53 SDS) born in term with normal birth weight and height. Conclusions: SGA born children are usually thin; nevertheless we found overweight and obesity in 4% of the patients. Two of those children have metabolic syndrome. Excess weight, obesity and metabolic syndrome in SGA children result with increase of their inherent risk for DM2, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in adulthood.

scholarly journals Morbidity and mortality profile of neonates in a tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu: a study from South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikumar S. A. ◽  
Harikrishnan Elangovan ◽  
Elayaraja K. ◽  
Aravind Sunderavel K. K.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Accurate data on morbidity and mortality pattern are useful for many reasons. The Perinatal and the neonatal period are so short but they are the most critical faces of human life1. It reflects the general health and the socio-biological features of the most vulnerable groups of the society, the mothers and the infants. The objectives of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality pattern of neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of tertiary care hospital.Methods: All the neonates admitted to NICU from July 2013 to June 2015, excluding the neonates referred and discharged against medical advice were retrospectively analysed for demographic profile, short term morbidity and outcome.Results: 3118 neonates were admitted in the study period. 57.5% were Males, 72.5% were inborn, 69% were term babies and 53.3% had normal birth weight. Important causes for morbidity were Perinatal asphyxia 490 (15.7%), Preterm/LBW 456 (14.6%), Neonatal jaundice 438 (14%) and then sepsis 402 (12.9%). The mortality rate was 10.4% with statistical significant difference between inborn and outborn babies (P<0.0001). The major causes of mortality are Respiratory syndrome 109 (33.6%), followed by birth asphyxia 82 (25.3%) and sepsis 82 (25.3%). The survival of term as well as normal birth weight babies was statistically significant over preterm (P<0.0001) and Low Birth Weight (LBW), Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW), Extreme Low Birth Weight (ELBW) neonates (P<0.0001> respectively.Conclusions: Birth asphyxia, prematurity, Jaundice and neonatal sepsis respiratory problems were major causes of both mortality and morbidity. There is need to strengthen services to address these problems more effectively. 

scholarly journals A New Biomarker in Acute-Decompensated Heart Failure. Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Mădălina Ababei ◽  
Alexandru Câmpeanu ◽  
Diana Nistorescu ◽  
Ondin Zaharia ◽  
Paul Portelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBackground. It is well known that the NT-proBNP in obese subjects is much lower than in normal weight subjects, making difficult to interpret it. In current practice the patients are frequently obese. In these conditions, a new biomarker, not influenced by weight, could be useful in acute-decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Aim. To determine CA-125 changes in obese and normal weight patients with ADHF.Method. The study group included 110 patients (mean age 72±10 years, 63% men) with ADHF caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy. The subjects were clinically, ecocardiographically and biologically (NT-proBNP, CA-125) evaluated.Results. The mean BMI was 27.6±5.8 kg/m2 and 35 (33%) subjects were obese. CA-125 at admission was 53±33 U/mL and decreased at discharge to 34±17 U/mL, without any difference between males and females.There was a significant difference between NT-proBNP at admission in obese versus normoponderal patients (3207±1432 pg/mL versus 4457±2737 pg/mL (p=0.02)), which was maintained at discharge (1711±816 pg/mL versus 2674±1475 pg/mL (p=0.03)).In the same time, the CA-125 did not show statistically significant differences between obese and normoponderal subjects at admission (56±29 U/mL versus 51±20 U/mL (p=0.63)) and discharge (36±20 U/mL versus 33±16 U/mL (p=0.56)).Conclusions. CA-125 could be an useful biomarker in monitoring the obese patients with ADHF, better than NT-proBNP.

Medical Care and Preterm Infants of Normal Birth Weight

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Nigel Paneth ◽  
Sylvan Wallenstein ◽  
John L. Kiely ◽  
Curtis P. Snook ◽  
Mervyn Susser
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Preterm infants of normal birth weight (born before 37 completed weeks of gestation and weighing more than 2,250 g) experience a neonatal mortality risk almost four times higher than do term infants in the same weight range. In an analysis of the effect of hospital level of birth on neonatal mortality, such preterm normal weight infants were found to experience higher mortality if born outside of a Level 3 (tertiary care) center. For all singleton infants in this weight-gestation category born in New York City maternity services during a 3-year period (N = 23,257), the relative mortality risk for Level 1 births (compared with Level 3) was 1.72 (P &lt; .01) and for Level 2 births 1.47 (P &lt; .05). The excess mortality at Level 1 and Level 2 units was almost entirely due to a more than twofold higher death rate in black infants born in these units. Several potentially confounding socioeconomic, demographic, and biologic variables entered into a logistic regression model could not account for the higher mortality rates for black infants born in Level 1 and Level 2 units. Among black infants born at Level 1 units, deaths in preterm normal birth weight infants were less likely to occur in a receiving tertiary care center than were either deaths in low birth weight infants or deaths in term normal weight infants, suggesting that the need for special care of preterm normal birth weight infants is underestimated in some hospitals without newborn intensive care units.

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