Generation of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Using Synthetic Livestock Wastewater

Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079449 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 398-399

Author(s):

M. H. Wheeler ◽

W. J. Tolmsoff ◽

A. A. Bell

Keyword(s):

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽

Wild Type ◽

Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Electron Transmission ◽

Melanin Formation ◽

Before And After ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

Download Full-text

High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082741 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 376-377

Author(s):

S. S. Breese ◽

H. L. Bachrach

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Resolution ◽

Surface Structure ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

Download Full-text

Improved preservation of the otolithic membranes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128857 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 914-915

Author(s):

G. M. Cohen ◽

J. S. Grasso ◽

M. L. Domeier ◽

P. T. Mangonon

Keyword(s):

Toluidine Blue ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Vestibular Function ◽

Spatial Relations ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Semithin Sections ◽

Micromechanical Models ◽

Soluble Components

Any explanation of vestibular micromechanics must include the roles of the otolithic and cupular membranes. However, micromechanical models of vestibular function have been hampered by unresolved questions about the microarchitectures of these membranes and their connections to stereocilia and supporting cells. Otolithic membranes are notoriously difficult to preserve because of severe shrinkage and loss of soluble components. We have empirically developed fixation procedures that reduce shrinkage artifacts and more accurately depict the spatial relations between the otolithic membranes and the ciliary bundles and supporting cells.We used White Leghorn chicks, ranging in age from newly hatched to one week. The inner ears were fixed for 3-24 h in 1.5-1.75% glutaraldehyde in 150 mM KCl, buffered with potassium phosphate, pH 7.3; when postfixed, it was for 30 min in 1% OsO4 alone or mixed with 1% K4Fe(CN)6. The otolithic organs (saccule, utricle, lagenar macula) were embedded in Araldite 502. Semithin sections (1 μ) were stained with toluidine blue.

Download Full-text

Ultrastructural evidence for mast cell-macrophage interrelationships in the dura mater of the rat: Infrequent mast cell-nerve associations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159308 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

Ruth V.W. Dimlich

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Dura Mater ◽

Spatial Relationship ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Plasma Extravasation ◽

Close Spatial Relationship ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Headache Pain ◽

Relationship Of

Mast cells in the dura mater of the rat may play a role in cerebral pathologies including neurogenic inflammation (vasodilation; plasma extravasation) and headache pain . As has been suggested for other tissues, dural mast cells may exhibit a close spatial relationship to nerves. There has been no detailed ultrastructural description of mast cells in this tissue; therefore, the goals of this study were to provide this analysis and to determine the spatial relationship of mast cells to nerves and other components of the dura mater in the rat.Four adult anesthetized male Wistar rats (290-400 g) were fixed by perfusion through the heart with 2% glutaraldehyde and 2.8% paraformaldehyde in a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 min. The head of each rat was removed and stored in fixative for a minimum of 24 h at which time the dural coverings were removed and dissected into samples that included the middle meningeal vasculature. Samples were routinely processed and flat embedded in LX 112. Thick (1 um) sections from a minimum of 3 blocks per rat were stained with toluidine blue (0.5% aqueous).

Download Full-text

A comparative technique using as Joint studying to prove structure and determination the Quantitative estimation of organic compound (Irbesartan) as drug in multicomponent tablet form

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v9i3.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (o3) ◽

Author(s):

Imad Tarek Hanoon ◽

Abed Mohammed Daheir AL-Joubory 2 ◽

Marwa Mohamed Saied 3

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phase ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽

Tablet Form ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Percent Recovery

A simple , specific, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for determination of Irbesartan (IRB) in pharmaceutical dosage forms in tablets products and sachet using symmetry (L 1 ) column at 30°C . The signal was detected at 225 nm. A mobile phase dissolve 0.5 g of buffer potassium phosphate in 100 ml distilled water and adjust pH 2.7 , methanol and acetonitrile at ratio (40 :30 :30 ) . and flow rate 1.2ml/min -1 at pH=7.2 a mobile phase The percent recovery was detected 101 % and the linearity of concentration was 10-50 µg.ml -1 and supported this method by using (FT.I.R.) spectrum method for organic spectrophotometer to prove the chemical structure of this drug and some physical properties . we are obtained the result is identical of other literature . The proposed method was applied successfully for determination of the IRB in tablets products.

Download Full-text

Electricity Production from Dual Chambers Microbial Fuel Cell Fed with Chicken Manure-Wastewater

Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.31185/ejuow.vol3.iss1.31 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Ali J. Jaeel

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Livestock Wastewater ◽

Graphite Electrodes ◽

Reliable Source ◽

Current Densities ◽

Resistance Value

Chicken manure wastewaters are increasingly being considered a valuable resource of organic compounds. Screened chicken manure was evaluated as a representative solid organic waste. In this study, electricity generation from livestock wastewater (chicken manure) was investigated in a continuous mediator-less horizontal flow microbial fuel cell with graphite electrodes and a selective type of membrane separating the anodic and cathodic compartments of MFC from each other. The performance of MFC was evaluated to livestock wastewater using aged anaerobic sludge. Results revealed that COD and BOD removal efficiencies were up to 88% and 82%, respectively. At an external resistance value of 150 Ω, a maximum power and current densities of 278 m.W/m2 and 683 mA/m2, respectively were obtained, hence MFC utilizing livestock wastewater would be a sustainable and reliable source of bio-energy generation .

Download Full-text

Quantitative Analysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Linezolid Injection by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412915666190618090603 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1059-1067

Author(s):

Jéssica Maurício Batista ◽

Christian Fernandes

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Gradient Elution ◽

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽

Official Method ◽

Ph Variation ◽

Drug Products ◽

Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽

Liquid Chromatographic

Background: Linezolid is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial belonging to the class of oxazolidinones. Linezolid for intravenous infusion is isotonized with dextrose. In acidic environment, the dehydration of dextrose produces furan derivatives, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) being the main one. The determination of this degradation product is of fundamental importance, since there is evidence it is cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. However, there is no official method for the determination of 5-HMF in drug products. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatographic method to quantify 5-HMF in injection of linezolid. Methods: The chromatographic separation, after optimization, was performed on C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. Mobile phase was composed of 14 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 3.0 ([H+] = 1.0 x 10-3) and methanol in gradient elution at 1.0 mL min-1. The injection volume was 10 μL and detection was performed at 285 nm. Results: The method was optimized and validated, showing selectivity, linearity in the range from 0.075 to 9.0 μg mL-1, precision (RSD ≤ 2.0%), accuracy (mean recovery of 100.07%) and robustness for temperature and pH variation. Conclusion: The method was shown to be adequate to determine 5-HMF in injection containing linezolid in routine analysis.

Download Full-text

Pollutant-Removing Biofilter Strains Associated with High Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Rate in a Livestock Wastewater Treatment Facility

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7358

Author(s):

Dong-Hyun Kim ◽

Hyun-Sik Yun ◽

Young-Saeng Kim ◽

Jong-Guk Kim

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Illumina Miseq Sequencing ◽

Miseq Sequencing ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Livestock Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Treatment Facility

This study analyzed the microbial community metagenomically to determine the cause of the functionality of a livestock wastewater treatment facility that can effectively remove pollutants, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used in analyzing the composition and structure of the microbial community, and the 16S rRNA gene was used. Through Illumina MiSeq sequencing, information such as diversity indicators as well as the composition and structure of microbial communities present in the livestock wastewater treatment facility were obtained, and differences between microbial communities present in the investigated samples were compared. The number of reads, operational taxonomic units, and species richness were lower in influent sample (NLF), where the wastewater enters, than in effluent sample (NL), in which treated wastewater is found. This difference was greater in June 2019 than in January 2020, and the removal rates of ammonia (86.93%) and hydrogen sulfide (99.72%) were also higher in June 2019. In both areas, the community composition was similar in January 2020, whereas the influent sample (NLF) and effluent sample (NL) areas in June 2019 were dominated by Proteobacteria (76.23%) and Firmicutes (67.13%), respectively. Oleiphilaceae (40.89%) and Thioalkalibacteraceae (12.91%), which are related to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide removal, respectively, were identified in influent sample (NLF) in June 2019. They were more abundant in June 2019 than in January 2020. Therefore, the functionality of the livestock wastewater treatment facility was affected by characteristics, including the composition of the microbial community. Compared to Illumina MiSeq sequencing, fewer species were isolated and identified in both areas using culture-based methods, suggesting Illumina MiSeq sequencing as a powerful tool to determine the relevance of microbial communities for pollutant removal.

Download Full-text