scholarly journals Effect of Calamari Oil on Lipid Profile of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
U. J. O. Orji ◽  
H. Brown ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
N. Boisa
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
State University ◽  
Environmental Biology ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Calamari Oil on lipid profile levels in diabetes streptozotocin induced diabetic Rats. Study design: An experimental study. Place and duration of study: Animal House, Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt and University of Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria, between February 2020 and August 2020. Methodology: Thirty Six (36) albino rats were purchased and allowed to acclimatize for two (2) weeks in the laboratory at the animal farm house of the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University. They were fed the normal rat feed (Chow feed) and water was allowed ad libitum. The rats were weighed and randomly grouped into six (6) groups with six rats in each group. Group 1 (Negative control) was placed on normal diet while groups 2 to 6 were placed on a high fat diet (HFD) prior to the induction with Streptozotocin to achieve diabetes and the animals were treated according to their groupings for four weeks by means of oral gavage. The dose of Calamari Oil administered to the rats was extrapolated from human doses. The high fat diet was prepared by mixing the animal feed (Chow diet) with margarine in a ratio of 3:1. After each period of treatments, blood samples were collected from the rats at the end of the treatments via cardiac puncture by anaesthetizing the rats with chloroform after a six (6) hour fast. Fasting blood glucose was determined using the Glucose Oxidase method, lipid profile was analysed spectrophotometrically and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) and Castelli ratio index-1 level (CRI-1) were calculated. The GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds from Calamari Oil was done using Agilent Technologies GC systems with GC-7890A/MS-5975C model. Data generated were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 of windows statistical package. Results were considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed that after week 1 - 4 of exposure, the mean TG (Triglyceride) value of the Negative control group (NC), Positive control (PC) group, diabetic groups exposed for weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 expressed in mg/dl were 130.89 ± 2.52, 174.94 ± 3.11, 166.64 ± 1.95, 160.61 ± 0.60, 153.37 ± 2.24 and 141.62 ± 0.99 respectively. Mean TC (Total cholesterol) value of the NC, PC group, diabetic groups exposed for weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 expressed in mg/dl were 160.93 ± 2.99, 194.96 ± 2.09, 188.18 ± 1.41, 180.63 ± 0.59, 169.96 ± 1.47 and 159.71 ± 1.43 respectively. HDL (High density lipoprotein) value of the NC, PC group, diabetic groups exposed for weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 expressed in mg/dl were 83.05 ± 2.96, 65.68 ± 1.78, 66.97 ± 1.28, 72.75 ± 0.52, 76.35 ± 0.77 and 78.94 ± 0.86. Mean LDL (Low density lipoprotein) value of the NC, PC group, diabetic groups exposed for weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 expressed in mg/dl were 51.7 ± 3.21, 94.3 ± 0.48, 88.15 ± 1.08, 75.76 ± 0.62, 62.95 ± 0.94 and 52.46 ± 0.59 respectively. The mean non- HDL cholesterol value of the NC, PC group, diabetic groups exposed for weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 expressed in mg/dl were 159.93 ± 2.99, 193.96 ± 2.09, 187.18 ± 1.41, 179.63 ± 0.59, 168.96 ± 1.47 and 158.71 ± 1.42  respectively. Also, mean cholesterol ratio value of the NC, PC groups, diabetic groups exposed for weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 expressed in mg/dl were 1.94 ± 0.07, 2.97 ± 0.06, 2.81 ± 0.04, 2.48 ± 0.02, 2.22 ± 0.01 and 2.02 ± 0.01respectively. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes is associated with dyslipidemia and as such the treatment with the Calamari Oil in the treated groups had positive effect on lipid profile markers  with TG, TC, LDL, AC, CRI-1 decreasing and HDL increasing with increase in duration of time.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Potentials of Blue Whiting Fish (Micromesistus poutassous) Oil Extracts in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
U. J. O. Orji ◽  
H. Brown ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
N. Boisa
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
State University ◽  
Environmental Biology ◽  
Blue Whiting ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant potentials of Blue Whiting Fish (Micromesistus poutassous) oil extracts in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Study Design:  An experimental study. Place and Duration of Study:  Animal House, Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt and University of Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria, between February 2020 and August 2020. Methodology: Thirty Six (36) albino rats were purchased and allowed to acclimatize for two (2) weeks in the laboratory at the animal farm house of the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University. They were fed the normal rat feed (Chow feed) and water was allowed ad libitum.  The rats were weighed and randomly grouped into six (6) groups with six rats in each group. Group 1 (Negative control) was placed on normal diet while groups 2 to 6 were placed on a high fat diet (HFD) prior to the induction with Streptozotocin to achieve diabetes and the animals were treated according to their groupings for four weeks by means of oral gavage. The dose of Blue Whiting Fish (Micromesistus poutassous) oil extracts administered to the rats was extrapolated from human doses. The high fat diet was prepared by mixing the animal feed (Chow diet) with margarine in a ratio of 3:1. After each period of treatments, blood samples were collected from the rats at the end of the treatments via cardiac puncture by anaesthetizing the rats with chloroform after a six (6) hour fast. Fasting blood glucose was determined using the Glucose Oxidase method, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were analysed quantitatively and measured spectrophotometrically and the GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds from Blue Whiting Fish (Micromesistus poutassous) oil was done using Agilent Technologies GC systems with GC-7890A/MS-5975C model. Data generated were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 of windows statistical package. Results were considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Results: After week 1 - 4 of exposure, the mean SOD (Superoxide dismutase) value of the Negative control group (NC), Positive control (PC) group, diabetic groups exposed for weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 expressed in U/ml were 299.41 ± 5.49, 217.38 ± 5.33, 220.56 ± 4.14, 240.45 ± 1.21, 258.19 ± 1.73 and 278.03 ± 1.98  respectively. The mean TAC (Total antioxidant capacity) value expressed in U/ml were 2.97 ± 0.10, 1.84 ± 0.04, 1.97 ± 0.04, 2.16 ± 0.02, 2.26 ± 0.02 and 2.46 ± 0.02 respectively. The mean GSH (Glutathione) expressed in µg/ml were 56.05 ± 0.60, 47.37 ±1.04, 47.94 ± 0.87, 50.80 ± 0.35, 53.07 ± 0.36 and 55.38 ± 0.33 respectively. The mean MDA (Malondialdehyde) expressed in nmol/l were 2.40 ± 0.13, 4.56 ± 0.28, 4.66 ± 0.06, 4.39 ± 0.01, 4.16 ± 0.03 and 3.70 ± 0.06 respectively. Comparison of different groups showed varying significant differences across groups. Conclusion: Hyperglycaemia induced in rats studied led to an increase in oxidative stress, depletion of antioxidant parameters was observed. However, after treatment with Blue Whiting Fish (Micromesistus poutassous) Oil extracts, it was observed that there was improvement in the overall antioxidant status of the rats.

scholarly journals TO EVALUATE THE ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC POTENTIAL OF QUERCETIN IN ALLOXANINDUCED DIABETIC RATS FED WITH HIGH-FAT DIET

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Biplav S ◽  
Sindhura G ◽  
Shivalinge Gowda K P
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Group Iii

 Objective: The main aim of the present study is concerned with the evaluation of anti-atherosclerotic potential of quercetin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD).Methods: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the major cause for many of the cardiovascular disease, and it is accelerated in the presence of diabetes mellitus and causes profound alterations in the lipid profile. The method used for the induction of AS was using HFD for 60 days. In this study, rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Group I served as normal control, Group II alloxan (120 mg/kg b.w i.p)-treated diabetic rats, Group III received quercetin (50 mg/ kg b.w p.o), and Group IV received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg b.w p.o) along with alloxan (120 mg/kg b.w i.p) on the 1st day of the days of the study period. AS was induced in Group II, Group III, and Group IV rats by feeding them with HFD from the 1st day to 60th day. The body weight, feed intake was measured daily. The blood was withdrawn from retro-orbital plexus, and the serum was used for the estimation of lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TGs], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], very LDL-C [VLDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). After scarification under overdose of ketamine, the histopathological study of aorta was carried out.Results: The results showed that the quercetin-treated rats showed a decrease in body weight gain, decreased levels of TC, TGs, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, and increased levels of HDL-C were observed in Group III rats when compared to alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed with HFD (Group III). The histopathological study of aorta showed no development of plaques and of foam cells.Conclusion: From this study, it can be calculated that quercetin has anti-atherosclerotic activity as it significantly altered overall lipid profile in diabetic rats fed with HFD. This activity may be attributed to its antioxidant, inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity of quercetin.

scholarly journals A Study of Correlation of Anthropometric Data with Atherogenic Indices of Students of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ibioku Elekima ◽  
Aniekan Inokon
Keyword(s):  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
State University ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate anthropometric data with atherogenic indices of students in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt as a means of assessing their cardiovascular health. Study Design: A pilot study was carried out in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study was conducted within a period of 4 months (June – September, 2018). A total of 82 students were selected from the recruitment process after consenting to participate in the study. Atherogenic indices (after determination of lipid parameters values) and anthropometric measurements were done at the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methodology: Five millitres (5mls) of fasting blood samples were collected into lithium heparin bottles and spun at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma. Total cholesterol (TC) and Triglyceride (TG) were assayed based on enzymatic methods. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was assayed using precipitation and enzymatic method while low density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated using Friedewald equation. After determination of lipid parameters, atherogenic indices were computed as ratios of these lipid parameters. Anthropometric measurements were collected using stadiometer, non-stretchable tape and weighing scale. Results: Significant increases were seen in both atherogenic indices and anthropometric data of obese (OBS) and overweight (OVW) students compared to ideal weight (NOM) students. Correlation of anthropometric data with atherogenic indices in obese (OBS) students indicated significant positive correlation between WC with NHDL and CRI-2 as well as between WHR with NHDL, AC, CRI-1 and CRI-2. Conclusion: Obesity is a strong factor among students that induces atherogenic hyperlipoproteinaemia and thus, CVD risks. Also, WHR and WC correlates strongly with atherogenic indices such as NHDL, AC, CRI-1 and CRI-2 and therefore, were seen as better and sensitive anthropometric parameters for predicting cardiovascular risks compared to WHtR and BMI.

scholarly journals Lipidaemic and Hepatic Status of Type 2 Diabetic Rats Treated with the Polyherbal Capsule Glucoblock

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi ◽  
F. C. Ezeiruaku ◽  
R. E. Teme
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The scourge of diabetes has led to an increase in the use of complementary and alternative medicine. The lack of regulation and control leads to the indiscriminate use of these herbals, with potential risk to patients. Aim: This study evaluates the lipidaemic and hepatic status of type 2 diabetic rats treated with the polyherbal capsule glucoblock. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined using enzymatic methods. Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald’s equation. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) were determined using Reitman-Frankel method, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined using the colorimetric phenolphthalein method. Liver sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique, and phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal capsule. Results: The results show no significant differences in TC levels in all groups compared to the negative control. TG level was significantly higher in the diabetic control group when compared to the negative control. TG level in the singular treatment groups were significantly lower, but the combination group (glibenclamide + glucoblock) showed no significant difference compared to the diabetic control. The negative control had significantly higher HDL-C compared to the diabetic control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in HDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. The negative control had significantly lower LDL-C compared to the diabetic control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in LDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly higher in the diabetic control, but was significantly reduced to normal levels by the treatments. Liver sections of the negative control showed normal histoarchitecture. The diabetic control showed inflammation and fatty deposition. The treatment groups showed a nearly normal histoarchitecture, with fatty deposits. Conclusion: High fat diet in combination with a sub-diabetic dose of streptozotocin produced significant diabetes in the Wistar rats with dyslipidaemia and elevated liver enzyme levels. The anti-diabetic treatments, glibenclamide and glucoblock did not correct the dyslipidaema caused by diabetes. However, the treatments had equipotent hepatoprotective effect and restored liver enzyme levels to normal as well as improving liver histology.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of the Anti-diabetic Polyherbal Drug Diawell in Combination with Metformin on Liver and Lipid Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
H. Brown ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important diseases worldwide. It affects several organ systems including the liver and lipid metabolism. Many herbal formulations have shown anti-diabetic potential, however, their safety and efficacy remain a debate in the medical community. Aim: This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of the anti-diabetic polyherbal drug diawell in combination with metformin on liver enzyme and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic rats. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined using enzymatic methods. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald equation. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined using Reitman-Frankel method, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined using the colorimetric phenolphthalein method. Liver sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique, and phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal tablet. Results: The results show no significant differences in mean TC levels in all groups. TG level was significantly higher in the diabetic control when compared to the negative control. There were no significant differences in TG levels in the metformin group, and diawell group when compared to the diabetic control. TG levels in the combination group (metformin + diawell) was significantly lower versus the diabetic control, and showed no significant difference compared to the negative control. HDL-C was significantly higher in the negative control when compared to the diabetic control and the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in HDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. LDL-C levels were significantly lower in the negative control compared to the diabetic control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in LDL-C levels in all the treatment groups, when compared to the diabetic control. The diabetic control had significantly higher ALT, AST and ALP levels compared to the negative control and treatment groups. All the treatment groups showed no significant differences in ALT and AST levels compared to the negative control. Liver sections of the negative control showed normal histoarchitecture. The diabetic control showed inflammation and fatty deposition. The treatment groups showed a nearly normal histoarchitecture, with fatty deposits. Conclusion: High fat diet in combination with 45 mg/kg of STZ produced significant diabetes in the Wistar rats with dyslipidaemia and elevated liver enzyme levels. Metformin and the polyherbal tablet diawell had no impact on the lipid levels as it did not correct the dyslipidaema, however, the treatments showed hepatoprotective potentials and restored liver enzyme levels to normal. Lipid lowering drugs should be included in the management of type 2 diabetes, and there should be proper evaluation of anti-diabetic herbal products.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanol Extract of Unripe Carica papaya Pulp on Lipid Profile and Liver Function of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Henry N. Ogbonna ◽  
Ugonna D. Nwankpa ◽  
Godwin S. Aloh ◽  
Raymond C. Ibeh
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Papaya Pulp

Background: Carica papaya is commonly used in the treatment of various diseases like constipation, piles, hypertension and malaria. The ameliorative effect of Carica papaya on alloxan-induced diabetic rats has been suggested by several studies. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of unripe Carica papaya pulp on the lipid profile and liver biomarkers of a diabetic rat. Materials and Methods: After acclimatization, thirty-two (32) animals were randomly classified into 8 groups (4 rats per group). The different test (extract) groups received in addition to normal diet ad libitum, dosages of 200, 400, 600 and 1000 mg/kg/day of the Carica papaya extract. The normal and negative control groups received a normal diet, while the positive control was given oral treatment with 6 mg/65 kg/day of glibenclamide as well as the normal diet. After 28 successive days of treatment, all the experimental rats were sacrificed by ocular puncture and the serum used in the evaluation of body lipids, liver function parameters and biochemical indexes. Results: The administration of the unripe Carica papaya extract resulted in a dose-dependent and significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, and in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level.  There was, however, a significant increase in High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level for 400-1000 mg/kg extract groups. The result also showed a reduced cholesterol level at an extract dose of 1000 mg/kg/day. Conclusion: The ameliorative properties of the unripe pulp of Carica Papayaon biochemical parameters of a diabetic rat, as shown from the result could be indicative that unripe Carica papaya can be valuable in the management of diabetes mellitus and other complications that may arise.

scholarly journals Effect of Whole Quail (Coturnix japonica) Egg Consumption on some Reproductive Parameters and Lipid Profile of Male Albino Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie N. OKOYE ◽  
Samuel O. EKERE ◽  
Onyinyechukwu A. AGINA ◽  
Ikechukwu J. UDEANI ◽  
Chukwunonso K. EZEASOR
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

The present study evaluated the effect of whole egg consumption on the liver, testes, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and lipid profile of male rats. These evaluations were carried out on adult twenty (20) male albino rats, which were randomly selected into four groups of 5 rats each, designated groups A, B, C and D. Group A was the control group and received only equivalent volume of distilled water, while groups B, C and D received 0.25mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg; and 1.0mg/kg body weight of the quail egg respectively. Standard procedures were carried out in the tissue processing, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and in lipid profile determinations. On days 35 and 49, the mean serum total cholesterol value of group D was significantly lower than that of the control group. On day 35, the mean serum low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL cholesterol) values of all the treatment groups were significantly lower and higher than that of the control group, respectively. However, on days 49 and 63, the mean serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL cholesterol) and triglyceride values of all the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. A significant increase in cadual epididymal sperm count (CESR) was recorded on day 63 at the mid and high doses. No obvious pathological lesions were observed in the histomorphology of the testes and liver when compared to the control. Therefore, whole quail egg consumption caused an increase in serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentration, and also improved fertility. In other words, prolonged consumption of quail egg should be done with caution as it may predispose one to cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Diversity of Tree Species in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
P. C. Nnadi ◽  
B. B. Otene ◽  
Nwiisator David-Sarogoro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Rivers State

This study was carried out to examine the distribution of plant species in Rivers State University campus at different locations at the Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt Nigeria. The general objective of this study was to examine the Ecological distribution of plant species in Rivers State University campus at different locations. The specific objective was to determine the species abundance of various plants in the study area and also to examine the ecological diversity of tree species in the various groups. The study area was divided into three groups (stations) with the various plants species identified and recorded. Data gotten from the field was analyzed using descriptive statistic and some ecological indices such as Margalef, Mehinick, Shannon diversity, Shannon Wiener, Evenness/Equitability and Simpson dominance.  A total of one thousand Sixty-nine (1069) individual plant were identified with 16, 17 and 12 species in stations 1-3 respectively. The highest individual plants (561) were observed in station 1 while the least (87) were observed in station 3. The mean values of stations 1 and 2 were significantly and statistically different from site 3 at p<0.05. The results obtained showed some dominant species to include Elaeis guincensis, Polyaithia longifolia, Pinus spp, Gmelina arborea, Wodyetia bifareata, Citrus sinensis, Cocos nuciferia while others were the least dominant species found in the study area. The Margalef, Mehinicks and Shannon Wiener values were consistently highest in station 2 but lowest in station 3.  Human disturbances had negative impact on tree species abundance especially in site 3. It is therefore recommended that management interventions are necessary in other to stop indiscriminate felling of the various trees species that made up the different groups.

scholarly journals Concentration of Trace Metals (Lead, Iron, Copper and Zinc) In Crops Harvested in Some Oil Prospecting Locations in River State, Nigeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 01-21
Author(s):  
Alexander Hart ◽  
◽  
Oboh CA ◽  
Barimalaa IS ◽  
TG Sokari
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
State University ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rivers State

Concentrations of the trace metals lead, iron, copper and zinc were estimated in crops harvested in some oil prospecting locations in Rivers State, Nigeria. The locations were; Agbada-Aluu (AA), Ebocha (EB), Idu Ekpeye (IE), Obagi (OB) and Trans Amadi Layout (TA), with the Teaching and Research Farm of Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt as control. Crops investigated were cassava (Manihot esculenta), cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), okra (Hibiscus esculentus), pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) and waterleaf (Talinum traingulare). Results of the mean lead concentrations were from 1.1µg/g in cocoyam to 9.1 µg/g in okro, showing higher trends in the industrialized areas. While cocoyam had the lowest lead concentration, the concentration rest of the crops did not differ significantly from one another. Crops from locations TA, OB, IE and EB had significantly higher concentrations of lead, although IE, AA and TF were not significantly different from one another. Mean concentrations of iron were between 40 µg/g in cassava from TF, and 651 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from TA - the industrial base of Rivers State - reflecting a high level of pollution from the various industries in that location. Differences in concentration of iron in crops showed pumpkin leaves to have the highest level of iron, followed by the other green vegetables – waterleaf and okra - although no significant differences occurred between okra, cocoyam and cassava. Copper concentrations were between 4.4 µg/g in cocoyam from locations TF and 23 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from TA. Pumpkin leaves had the highest concentrations of copper, followed by okra, then waterleaf, with cocoyam and cassava having the least significant levels. Zinc concentrations in crops were between 29 µg/g in cocoyam from TF to 240 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from EB. Pumpkin leaves and okra contained the highest levels of the metal, followed by waterleaf, then cassava and finally cocoyam. In terms of location, TA, OB and EB had the highest concentrations in crops, the least occurring in TF and AA. These results reflect higher concentrations of metals in crops from the industrialized locations, with the green vegetables, particularly pumpkin leaves, having the highest uptake, while cocoyam invariably had the least. These findings give cause for concern, particularly as heavy metals are bio-accumulative in the system and portend a serious health risk to man and animals.

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