scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Osteophloeum platyspermum (Myristicaceae) against Malassezia spp. and Candida albicans Influenced by Seasonality and Climatic Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Jefferson S. Silva ◽  
Victoria R. Brandão ◽  
Selene D. A. Coutinho ◽  
Mateus L. B. Paciencia ◽  
Sergio A. Frana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Malassezia Spp

Aims: Malassezia spp. are involved in a wide range of mammalian skin diseases. The introduction of new drugs is a need. Natural products are known to be effective in the treatment of microbial pathogens. The present study analyzed the O. platyspermum leaf essential oils (EOs) antifungal activity. Study Design: 18 terpenes from 13 O. platyspermum leaf EOs are related to seasonal and climatic variations occurring during the dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons in the Amazon Rain-Forest, verified by means of multivariate analyses. Place and Duration of the Study: the study was conducted at the Center for Research in Biodiversity (Microbiology Laboratory and Cell Culture Laboratory), Paulista University, biological activity evaluations occurred between January/2019 and December 2019). Methodology: microdilution broth assay was used in the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Multivariate analyses were used to access the relationship among MBC, seasonality and terpene composition of the EOs. Results: Malassezia pachydermatis showed higher sensitivity to the EOs than M. furfur or C. albicans. The DS EOs were linked to the presence of limonene, myrcene, α-terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, cubenol-1-epi, influenced by insolation, temperature and evaporation, while β-elemene, γ-elemene, neo-intermedeol, elemol, α-cadinol, spathulenol, isospathulenol, viridiflorol, δ-amorphene and ledol were linked to the RS EOs, and were influenced by precipitation, relative humidity and wind velocity. DS EOs showed better antifungal activity against both Malassezia species, and the presence of the six discriminative terpenes was essential for the antifungal activity. Conclusions: The DS EOs are a potential source of new leads to defeat animal dermatological microbes.

scholarly journals The Inhibition of Non-albicans Candida Species and Uncommon Yeast Pathogens by Selected Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4937
Author(s):  
Narcisa Mandras ◽  
Janira Roana ◽  
Daniela Scalas ◽  
Simonetta Del Re ◽  
Lorenza Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Wide Range

The epidemiology of yeast infections and resistance to available antifungal drugs are rapidly increasing, and non-albicans Candida species and rare yeast species are increasingly emerging as major opportunistic pathogens. In order to identify new strategies to counter the threat of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, essential oils (EOs) have become an important potential in the treatment of fungal infections. EOs and their bioactive pure compounds have been found to exhibit a wide range of remarkable biological activities. We investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of nine commercial EOs such as Thymus vulgaris (thyme red), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Lavandula vera (lavender), Pinus sylvestris (pine), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), Salvia officinalis (sage), Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) and Pelargonium asperum (geranium), and some of their main components (α-pinene, carvacrol, citronellal, eugenol, γ-terpinene, linalool, linalylacetate, terpinen-4-ol, thymol) against non-albicans Candida strains and uncommon yeasts. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS, and their antifungal properties were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration parameters, in accordance with CLSI guidelines, with some modifications for EOs. Pine exhibited strong antifungal activity against the selected non-albicans Candida isolates and uncommon yeasts. In addition, lemon balm EOs and α-pinene exhibited strong antifungal activity against the selected non-albicans Candida yeasts. Thymol inhibited the growth of all uncommon yeasts. These data showed a promising potential application of EOs as natural adjuvant for management of infections by emerging non-albicans Candida species and uncommon pathogenic yeasts.

Susceptibility of Microsporum canis arthrospores to a mixture of chemically defined essential oils: a perspective for environmental decontamination

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Annamaria Tortorano ◽  
Linda Mugnaini ◽  
Greta Profili ◽  
Luisa Pistelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The zoophilic dermatophyte Microsporum canis has cats as natural reservoir, but it is able to infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, where different clinical features of the so-called ringworm dermatophytosis have been described. Human infections are increasingly been reported in Mediterranean countries. A reliable control program against M. canis infection in cats should include an antifungal treatment of both the infected animals and their living environment. In this article, a herbal mixture composed of chemically defined essential oils (EOs) of Litsea cubeba (1%), Illicium verum, Foeniculum vulgare, and Pelargonium graveolens (0.5% each) was formulated and its antifungal activity assessed against M. canis arthrospores which represent the infective environmental stage of M. canis. Single compounds present in higher amounts in the mixture were also separately tested in vitro. Litsea cubeba and P. graveolens EOs were most effective (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.5%), followed by EOs of I. verum (MIC 2%) and F. vulgare (MIC 2.5%). Minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) values were 0.75% (L. cubeba), 1.5% (P. graveolens), 2.5% (I. verum) and 3% (F. vulgare). MIC and MFC values of the mixture were 0.25% and 0.5%, respectively. The daily spray of the mixture (200 μL) directly onto infected hairs inhibited fungal growth from the fourth day onwards. The compounds present in higher amounts exhibited variable antimycotic activity, with MIC values ranging from >10% (limonene) to 0.1% (geranial and neral). Thus, the mixture showed a good antifungal activity against arthrospores present in infected hairs. These results are promising for a further application of the mixture as an alternative tool or as an adjuvant in the environmental control of feline microsporosis.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles—Attractive Carriers of Antimicrobial Essential Oils

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Arya Nair ◽  
Rashmi Mallya ◽  
Vasanti Suvarna ◽  
Tabassum Asif Khan ◽  
Munira Momin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Wide Range

Microbial pathogens are the most prevalent cause of chronic infections and fatalities around the world. Antimicrobial agents including antibiotics have been frequently utilized in the treatment of infections due to their exceptional outcomes. However, their widespread use has resulted in the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Furthermore, due to inherent resistance to antimicrobial drugs and the host defence system, the advent of new infectious diseases, chronic infections, and the occurrence of biofilms pose a tougher challenge to the current treatment line. Essential oils (EOs) and their biologically and structurally diverse constituents provide a distinctive, inexhaustible, and novel source of antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic agents. However, due to their volatile nature, chemical susceptibility, and poor solubility, their development as antimicrobials is limited. Nanoparticles composed of biodegradable polymeric and inorganic materials have been studied extensively to overcome these limitations. Nanoparticles are being investigated as nanocarriers for antimicrobial delivery, antimicrobial coatings for food products, implantable devices, and medicinal materials in dressings and packaging materials due to their intrinsic capacity to overcome microbial resistance. Essential oil-loaded nanoparticles may offer the potential benefits of synergism in antimicrobial activity, high loading capacity, increased solubility, decreased volatility, chemical stability, and enhancement of the bioavailability and shelf life of EOs and their constituents. This review focuses on the potentiation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their constituents in nanoparticulate delivery systems for a wide range of applications, such as food preservation, packaging, and alternative treatments for infectious diseases.

Antifungal activity analysis of 3 essential oils (thyme, ajwainand orange) on candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2948-2950
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi Sivakali Subramanian ◽  
◽  
R.V Geetha ◽  
Anitha Roy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Activity Analysis

Advances in Triazole Synthesis from Copper-catalyzed Azide-alkyne Cycloadditions (CuAAC) Based on Eco-friendly Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽  
Cristiane França da Costa ◽  
Victor Facchinetti ◽  
Claudia Regina Brandão Gomes ◽  
Paula Mázala Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recoverable Catalysts ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Work Up

Background: 1,2,3-triazoles are an important class of organic compounds and because of their aromatic stability, they are not easily reduced, oxidized or hydrolyzed in acidic and basic environments. Moreover, 1,2,3-triazole derivatives are known by their important biological activities and have drawn considerable attention due to their variety of properties. The synthesis of this nucleus, based on the click chemistry concept, through the 1,3-dipolar addition reaction between azides and alkynes is a well-known procedure. This reaction has a wide range of applications, especially on the development of new drugs. Methods: The most prominent eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of triazoles under microwave irradiation published in articles from 2012-2018 were reviewed. Results: In this review, we cover some of the recent eco-friendly CuAAC procedures for the click synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles with remarks to new and easily recoverable catalysts, such as rhizobial cyclic β-1,2 glucan; WEB (water extract of banana); biosourced cyclosophoraose (CyS); egg shell powder (ESP); cyclodextrin (β- CD); fish bone powder; nanoparticle-based catalyst, among others. Conclusion: These eco-friendly procedures are a useful tool for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, providing many advantages on the synthesis of this class, such as shorter reaction times, easier work-up and higher yields when compared to classical procedures. Moreover, these methodologies can be applied to the industrial synthesis of drugs and to other areas.

Efficacy of Novel Schiff base Derivatives as Antifungal Compounds in Combination with Approved Drugs Against Candida Albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad Malik ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Lone ◽  
Parveez Gull ◽  
Ovas Ahmad Dar ◽  
Mohmmad Younus Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Total Sterol ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Schiff Base Derivatives

Background: The increasing incidence of fungal infections, especially caused by Candida albicans, and their increasing drug resistance has drastically increased in recent years. Therefore, not only new drugs but also alternative treatment strategies are promptly required. Methods: We previously reported on the synergistic interaction of some azole and non-azole compounds with fluconazole for combination antifungal therapy. In this study, we synthesized some non-azole Schiff-base derivatives and evaluated their antifungal activity profile alone and in combination with the most commonly used antifungal drugs- fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AmB) against four drug susceptible, three FLC resistant and three AmB resistant clinically isolated Candida albicans strains. To further analyze the mechanism of antifungal action of these compounds, we quantified total sterol contents in FLC-susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates. Results: A pyrimidine ring-containing derivative SB5 showed the most potent antifungal activity against all the tested strains. After combining these compounds with FLC and AmB, 76% combinations were either synergistic or additive while as the rest of the combinations were indifferent. Interestingly, none of the combinations was antagonistic, either with FLC or AmB. Results interpreted from fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and isobolograms revealed 4-10-fold reduction in MIC values for synergistic combinations. These compounds also inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, supported by the results from docking studies. Conclusion: The results of the studies conducted advocate the potential of these compounds as new antifungal drugs. However, further studies are required to understand the other mechanisms and in vivo efficacy and toxicity of these compounds.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzo[D]-Thiazol-2- Yl Derivatives Derived from Dimedone with Anti-Tumor, C-Met, Tyrosine Kinase and Pim-1 Inhibitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat M. Mohareb ◽  
Amr S. Abouzied ◽  
Nermeen S. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Thiazole Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Dimedone and thiazole moieties are privileged scaffolds (acting as primary pharmacophores) in many compounds that are useful to treat several diseases, mainly tropical infectious diseases. Thiazole derivatives are a very important class of compounds due to their wide range of pharmaceutical and therapeutic activities. On the other hand, dimedone is used to synthesize many therapeutically active compounds. Therefore, the combination of both moieties through a single molecule to produce heterocyclic compounds will produce excellent anticancer agents. Objective: The present work reports the synthesis of 47 new substances belonging to two classes of compounds: Dimedone and thiazoles, with the purpose of developing new drugs that present high specificity for tumor cells and low toxicity to the organism. To achieve this goal, our strategy was to synthesize a series of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]-thiazol-2-yl derivatives using the reaction of the 2-bromodimedone with cyanothioacetamide. Methods: The reaction of 2-bromodimedone with cyanothioacetamide gave the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]- thiazol-2-yl derivative 4. The reactivity of compound 4 towards some chemical reagents was observed to produce different heterocyclic derivatives. Results: A cytotoxic screening was performed to evaluate the performance of the new derivatives in six tumor cell lines. Thirteen compounds were shown to be promising toward the tumor cell lines which were further evaluated toward five tyrosine kinases. Conclusion: The results of antitumor screening showed that many of the tested compounds were of high inhibition towards the tested cell lines. Compounds 6c, 8c, 11b, 11d, 13b, 14b, 15c, 15g, 21b, 21c, 20d and 21d were the most potent compounds toward c-Met kinase and PC-3 cell line. The most promising compounds 6c, 8c, 11b, 11d, 13b, 14b, 15c, 15g, 20c, 20d, 21b, 21c and 21d were further investigated against tyrosine kinase (c-Kit, Flt-3, VEGFR-2, EGFR, and PDGFR). Compounds 6c, 11b, 11d, 14b, 15c, and 20d were selected to examine their Pim-1 kinase inhibition activity the results revealed that compounds 11b, 11d and 15c had high activities.

Biological Activities of Carlina Oxide Isolated from the Roots of Carthamus caeruleus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Rihab Mami ◽  
Rania Belabbes ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Background: Carthamus caeruleus belongs to the Asteraceae family. The roots are traditionally used as healing agents. They help to heal burns and treat skin diseases. They are also used against joint inflammation and are very effective against diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome for cancer patients. Objectives: The purpose of this work was i) to study the chemical composition of i) the essential oil and hydrosol extract of Carthamus caeruleus, ii) to isolate the major component of both extracts and iii) to evaluate their antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal activities. Methods: The essential oil and hydrosol extract obtained from the roots were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant activities were performed using two different methods i) Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ii) the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), using BHT as a positive control. Whereas, the antifungal activity of the essential oil and Carlina oxide was investigated against plant fungi. The fumigation toxicity of C. caeruleus essential oil besides Carlina oxide was evaluated against adults of Bactrocera oleae better known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil and hydrosol extract were mainly represented by acetylenic compounds such as carline oxide and 13-methoxy carline oxide. Carlina oxide was isolated and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic means. The results showed that Carlina oxide presented interesting antioxidant and antifungal properties, while C. caeruleus root essential oil had better insecticidal activity. Furthermore, Carlina oxide has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum. Conclusion: Carlina oxide can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical fungicides to protect stored apple against Penicillium expansum.

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