Evaluation of Changes in Haematological Parameters of Sickle Cell Anaemia Subjects in Rivers and Bayelsa States

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in some haematological parameters in sickle cell anaemia subjects in Rivers State. Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, between the months of February and August, 2020. Methodology: A total of four hundred and fifty (450) subjects with age range of 1-50 years were randomly selected. There are about 200 registered patients (adults and children alike) at the sickle cell clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, with an average of 4 new patients per month. The sample size was obtained using a prevalence of sickle cell anaemia of 2% and the sample size was calculated using Cochran sample size formula. Five milliliters (5ml) of venous blood sample was withdrawn from the peripheral vein in the upper limb of subjects using a standard venipuncture technique. The sample was rocked gently to mix and kept at room temperature and the haematological parameters were analyzed within 4 hours of samples collection. The haematological parameters: total white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Haematocrit, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW-CV), Platelet count (PLT), MPV, Neutrophils, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophils, and Basophils) were analyzed using Mindray BC-6800 auto Haematology analyzer system. Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Analyses System SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) and p values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed the mean comparison of haematological parameters in sickle cell anaemia and control subjects. The mean comparison of Haemoglobin F was significantly reduced statistically (p<.05) in vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) condition than steady state compared with the control group. There was increase trend of haematological parameters showing statistically significant difference across the subject conditions compared with the control. There were exceptions in few cases especially in lymphocytes which was not significant (p>.05) in the steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis compared with the control. Similarly, Neutrophils was not significant (p>.05) in the steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis compared with the control. Furthermore, Basophils was more significant (p<.05) in the steady state than in the vaso-occlusive crisis and control groups. Similarly, absolute eosinophil was less significant statistically (p<.05) in the steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis than in the control group. Conclusion: This study has shown that there are changes in haemtological parameters between SCA subjects and control subjects and the VOC and steady state sickle cell anaemia (SCA) subjects.

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Assessment of Some Haemostatic Parameters in Sickle Cell Anaemia Subjects Resident in Rivers and Bayelsa States

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1130925 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 53-64

Author(s):

Barinaaziga S. Mbeera ◽

Susanna O. Akwuebu ◽

A. C. U. Ezimah ◽

Nancy C. Ibeh ◽

Evelyn M. Eze

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Sample Size ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

The Mean ◽

The University ◽

D Dimer

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess some haemostatic parameters in sickle cell anaemia subjects in Rivers and Bayelsa States. Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, between the months of February and August, 2020. Methodology: A total of four hundred and fifty (450) subjects with age range of 1-50 years were randomly selected. There were about 200 registered patients (adults and children alike) at the sickle cell clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, with an average of 4 new patients per month. The sample size was obtained using a prevalence of sickle cell anaemia of 2% and the sample size was calculated using Cochran sample size formula. Five milliliters (5ml) of venous blood sample was withdrawn from the peripheral vein in the upper limb of subjects using a standard venipuncture technique. The sample was rocked gently to mix and kept at room temperature and the haemostatic parameters (vWF, FVIII, D-dimer, L-arginine, fibrinogen, ADAMTS13) were assayed quantitatively with Bioassay Technozym kit using Microplate Reader (Labtech microplate auto ELISA plate reader, an IS0 13485:2003 CE and WHO compliance Co., Ltd. Shanghai International Holding Corp. GmbH; Europe) calibrated to a wavelength of 450 nm with strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions, while PT and APTT were analysed with Fortress reagent and Uniscope SM801A Laboratory using water bath.Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Analyses System SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) and p values less than .05were considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed the mean comparison of haemostatic parameters in sickle cell anaemia and control subjects. The comparison of haemostatic parameters showed significant(p<.05) increasesand decreases inVaso-Occlusive Crisis (VOC) and steady state respectively compared with the control group. There was statistically significantreduction in the mean comparison of L-Arginine (p<.01) in VOC) condition than steady state in relation to the control group in our study population, while D-Dimer, ADAMTS13 were also significantly reduced statistically (p<.01) in VOC condition than steady state compared with the control group. However, the mean FVIII inhibitor, Fibrinogen, PT (INR) and APTT were significantly higher (p<.01) in VOC than steady state when compared to controls with normal haemoglobin (HbAA).Correlations of haemostaticparameters by sickle cell anaemia subjects’ condition showed more significant positive correlations in VOC than steady state. Conclusion: This study showed a heightened hypercoagulability in Sickle Cell Snaemia(SCA)subjects, and further pave way for better understanding particularly the diagnostic variables underlying SCA, specific to each subject condition (steady state and VOC). Subjects with SCA, particularly during VOC, undergo significant haemostatic alterations that increase their risk of developing coagulation activation-related complications. Thus, though selected markers of coagulation were significantly different between the subject conditions, they were often significantly higher in the SCA.

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Ventricular hypertrophy and ischaemic changes in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia and its relationship with the Haemoglobin Concentration in Steady State

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v8i1.458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Charles Ikegwuonu ◽

Obumneme Ezeanosike ◽

Chuka Manyike ◽

Fortune Ujunwa ◽

Cordis Ikegwuonu

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cardiac Structure ◽

Cardiac Abnormality ◽

St Segment ◽

The Relationship

Objective: The prevalence and burden of Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) in Nigeria are high and they contribute to childhood morbidity and mortality. Chronic anaemia and vaso-occlusion usually involve different organs. The involvement of the heart is a common complication of SCA, thus the need for early detection of cardiac abnormalities in children with SCA. To assess cardiac structure using ECG in children with SCA in steady-state and to determine the relationship between abnormal ECG findings and the participants’ haemoglobin concentration. Material and Method: It was a cross-sectional study done in one of the tertiary hospitals in southeast Nigeria. The study participants were 164 children with SCA in steady state within the ages of 2 -17 years. A 12-lead ECG was carried out on the participants and their haemoglobin concentrations determined. The relationship between the presence of cardiac abnormality and independent variables like haemoglobin concentration, age and gender were analyzed. Result: The prevalence of cardiac abnormality was 59.1%. The commonest cardiac structure abnormality was Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (39.6%). Abnormality in the P-R interval was seen in 14.6%, while ST segment abnormality was seen in 18.3%. The mean Hb of those with abnormal ECG was lower than that of those without abnormal ECG, across each age group. Severe anaemia was a significant (p< 0.01) predictor of LVH. However, there was no significant association between the degree of anaemia and the occurrence of ST-segment (p: 0.26) and PR interval abnormalities (p: 0.52). Conclusion: Cardiac anomalies are common findings in SCA children.

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Relationship between Painful Crisis and Serum Zinc Level in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2011/698586 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Edamisan Olusoji Temiye ◽

Edem Samuel Duke ◽

Mbang Adeyemi Owolabi ◽

James Kweku Renner

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Control Group ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Serum Zinc Levels ◽

Painful Crisis

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is associated with zinc deficiency; zinc supplementation may ameliorate some of its clinical manifestations including the relief of painful crisis.Subjects and Methods. Serum zinc levels were determined in 71 children with SCA and painful crisis and in equal numbers in steady state. Seventy-one children with AA genotype acted as controls. Qualitative assessment of zinc content of 24-hour dietary recall and the last meal consumed before blood was drawn was taken. Serum zinc was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined using standard methods.Results. The mean serum zinc concentration in the study was less than international reference range. The controls had significantly higher serum zinc concentrations than the SCA group (42.7±13.6versus32.3±14.0 μg/dL,P<.000); this difference was due to the significantly lower values of serum zinc in SCA with painful crisis compared with the remaining two groupsF=30.9,P<.000. There was a positive correlation between serum zinc and haemoglobin concentration only in the control group (r=0.4;P=.001).Conclusion. The serum zinc levels in this study were low. Painful crisis in SCA may exert greater demand for zinc utilization in children with SCA thereby resulting in lower serum levels.

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Evaluation of Vitamin B₁₂, Folate, Haematological Parameters and Some Reproductive Hormones in Subjects Attending Fertility Centres in Port Harcourt

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.4.891 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 109-115

Author(s):

Abiye Chiladi Isomah ◽

Risikat Oladunni Allison ◽

Serekara Gideon Christian ◽

Evelyn Mgbeoma Eze

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Female Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Rivers State ◽

And Control

Background: Vitamin B12 has proven to have effect in fertility because it improves mature oocyte counts and embryo quality in women and helps in sperm quality in men, so it is efficient to carry out vitamin B12 analysis in addition to other hormone profile during routine infertility examination. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin B12, folate, some haematological parameters and some reproductive hormones in men and women attending fertility centres in Port Harcourt. Study Design: This study is a case-control and comparative study, and a random convenient sampling method was employed. A total of two hundred (200) apparently healthy participants within the reproductive age group of 18-44 years attending the fertility clinics of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) Port Harcourt formerly Braithwaite Memorial Hospital (BMH) which is the only State Government owned teaching hospital in Rivers State located at Forces Avenue Port Harcourt and Save a Life Mission Hospital Port Harcourt a private owned fertility hospital located at Stadium Road, Port Harcourt were recruited for this study. Results: The result showed that there was no statistically significant difference in haematological parameters in cases of infertility in the female and male test groups as compared to control groups (p>0.05). The mean ±SD showed non-significant difference of serum folate in the male and female test and control groups of the study (p>0.05). This study however observed Vitamin B12 level to be statistically significantly lower in infertile females when compared with the controls (p=0.0078). There was also a statistically significant difference between the mean values of Vitamin B12 in the male test and control groups of this study (p<0.0001). Prolactin levels in the females showed a significant difference between the test and control group at (p<0.0001), with the mean (± SD) value higher in the test than the control which shows that the infertile female group were mostly having high prolactin levels. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly lower in infertile female group as compared with the control (p<0.0001). In the study carried out on the principal reproductive male hormone testosterone there was a statistically significant difference between the test and control groups (p<0.0001). Conclusion: There was a significant fall in vitamin B12 alongside predominant fertility hormones like testosterone in the infertile male subjects. There was also significant reduction in the serum concentration of vitamin B12 with a corresponding fall in serum concentration of fertility hormones like; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the infertile females and a significant rise in the concentration of the female prolactin level. Therefore, Vitamin B12 should be included in the evaluation of infertility either primary or secondary alongside other vital conventional parameters usually considered in infertility cases.

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Evaluation of Acute Painful Episodes with Foetal Hemoglobin Level and Other Haematological Parameters in Sickle Cell Patients in Abuja Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v30i730213 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

O. Chinwe Okeke ◽

O. Ernest Ukaejiofo ◽

E. Nnodu Obiageli ◽

D. Ezigbo Eyiuche ◽

C. Okeke Chinedu

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Control Group ◽

The Mean ◽

Hb Concentration ◽

The Relationship ◽

Painful Episode ◽

Apparently Healthy

Introduction: Heterogeneity in sickle cell anaemia manifestations ranges from near asymptomatic cases to severe illness. Objective: This study determined the relationship between foetal haemoglobin F level, other haematological parameters and acute painful episode score of sickle cell disease patients in FCT Abuja Nigeria. Methods: 60 Sickle cell patients were selected for the study. 20 severe crises, 20 non-severe crisis SS were enrolled in the study. Control group comprised 20 apparently healthy haemoglobin AA individuals. Data were analysed descriptively. Results: Hb F level increased significantly in non-severe crisis sickle cell anaemia (7.12%± 3.6) and severe crisis (5.30%±2.3) groups, compared to the control group (0.32±1.8). This trend was also observed in RDW, MCHC and MCV. The mean Hb concentration and haematocrit (Hct) were significantly lower for both non- severe crisis and severe crisis SCA groups. There was no significant correlation between HbF and any of the haematological parameters in both non severe crisis and severe crisis groups. Patients with SCA had higher levels of HbF than matched controls. HbF had no correlation with any of the haematological parameters in both severe and non-severe SCA groups studied. Conclusion: Further studies should focus on environmental factors contributing to this variability.

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A PRELIMINARY ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DERMATOGLYPHICS AND SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA

International Journal of Anatomy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijar.2020.167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4.1) ◽

pp. 7753-7760

Author(s):

James Nketsiah ◽

◽

Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo ◽

Adjei-Antwi Collins ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Ridge Count ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anthropometric Study

Dermatoglyphics have been utilized as models for the diagnosis of vast genetic conditions due to their relationship with the genetic make-up of an individual. However, little studies have been conducted worldwide trying to ascertain the relationship between dermatoglyphics and sickle cell anaemia. Therefore, the present study aimed at generating baseline data to elucidate the possible diagnostic value of dermatoglyphics for earlier detection and screening of Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) in Ghana. A total of 400 participants including 200 SCA patients from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and 200 control group (CG) from KNUST were recruited for this study. The palmprints and fingerprints of the participants were taken and the sickling status of the control group was determined. Distribution of the three major fingerprint patterns, PIC patterns, ATD angle and total finger ridge count (TFRC) were determined. Loop dominated in both the SCA and control groups followed by whorl and arch. PIC 300 dominated in the SCA group while PIC 310 dominated in the control group, this was statistically significant. Also, the study recorded 5 unreported PIC’s (PIC 400, PIC 410, PIC 430, PIC 500 and PIC 510) in the Ghanaian population. The SCA group recorded a mean ATD angle of 43.62o while the control group recorded 41.61o, this was statistically significant. The SCA group recorded a mean TFRC of 67.17 while the control group recorded 78.49. The results of the present study have shown that, there is a relationship between dermatoglyphics and SCA and this will serve as a reliable indicator for earlier detection and screening of sickle cell anaemia especially in neonates. KEY WORDS: Dermatoglyphics, sickle cell anaemia, Ghana.

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Investigate of Haemostatic and Fibrinolytic System Parameters among Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients in the Khartoum State

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research ◽

10.30750/ijpbr.8.2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. 01-05

Author(s):

Elteleb G. Elnaim ◽

Samar Ibrahim ◽

Duaa Ahmed ◽

Rayan Aldaw ◽

Nagwa Salih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Fibrinogen Level ◽

Fibrinolytic System ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Study Group ◽

System Parameters ◽

And Control ◽

D Dimer

Introduction: A sickle cell anaemia one of a haemoglobinopathy, which constituted as a model for genetically inherited disorders, the course of the disease involves may crises, the investigation of hemostatic components as fibrinogen and fibrinolysis as D-dimer, reflect the overall hemostatic status in the sickle cell anaemia patients. Aim: To investigates hemostatic and fibrinolytic system parameters among sickle cell anaemia patients in the Khartoum state. Methods: The study was conducted in Khartoum state, in JafarIbn Auf Reference Hospital for children as descriptive case-control, a laboratory-based study from 2017-18, specimens were collected randomly of the study population with irrespective to age and gender, blood draw in tri-sodium citrate container, the ethical and consent were obtained. The fibrinogen level was estimated by CA51 semi-automated coagulation analyzer optically based, and the D-dimer were assayed by MISPA-i2, a nephelometric based, the results for each parameter were recorded and using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software for analysis by independent T-test and the statistical significance > 0.05. Results: A hundred participants fifty as study group (HbSS) sickle cell anemic Sudanese child clinically and laboratory-confirmed and fifty healthy as the control group, in comparing a mean of fibrinogen show statistically insignificant (P value 0.645) study group 291.1 ± 107.8 mg/dL and control group 283.4 ± 49.1 mg/dL, but there was a significant difference in comparing a mean of D-dimer in study group 0.56 ± 0.33 μg/mL and control group 0.33 ± 0.14 the P. value 0.00015. Conclusion: The level of D-dimer may be used as a hypercoagulability biomarker in comparison to the level of fibrinogen level for sickle cell anaemia Sudanese child.

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Is there a role for selective vasodilation in the management of sickle cell disease?

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v71.3.597.597 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 597-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

GP Rodgers ◽

MS Roy ◽

CT Noguchi ◽

AN Schechter

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Steady State ◽

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anemia ◽

Microvascular Obstruction ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Retinal Arteriolar

Abstract To test the hypothesis that microvascular obstruction to blood flow at the level of the arteriole may be significant in individuals with sickle cell anemia, the ophthalmologic effects of orally administered nifedipine were monitored in 11 steady-state patients. Three patients with evidence of acute peripheral retinal arteriolar occlusion displayed a prompt reperfusion of the involved segment. Two other patients showed fading of retroequatorial red retinal lesions. Color vision performance was improved in six of the nine patients tested. The majority of patients also demonstrated a significant decrease in the amount of blanching of the conjunctiva which reflects improved blood flow to this frequently involved area. Such improvements were not observable in a control group of untreated stable sickle cell subjects. These findings support the hypothesis that inappropriate vasoconstriction or frank vasospasm may be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of the microvascular lesions of sickle cell disease and, further, that selective microvascular entrapment inhibition may offer an additional strategy to the management of this disorder. We believe a larger, placebo-controlled study with nifedipine and similar agents is warranted.

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Growth and puberty in a prospective cohort of patients with sickle-cell anaemia: an assessment over ten years abstract

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.127681 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ingrid Cristiane Pereira Gomes ◽

Hugo Nivaldo Melo ◽

Suyaluane Italla Amana Melo ◽

Nelmo Vasconcelos de Menezes ◽

Tulio Vinicius Paes Dantas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Hereditary Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Cellular Expression ◽

Z Scores ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Introduction: Hereditary haemoglobinopathies are the most common group of monogenic hereditary diseases in the world. Erythrocytes in sickle form, cellular expression of polymerization of deoxygenated HbS, cause intermittent vascular obstruction, leading to tissue ischaemia and consequent chronic damage in organs and endocrine glands. Objective: The evaluation of the growth pattern and pubertal development of a group of patients with sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) from childhood to adulthood. Method: Thirty patients with SCA between the ages of 10 and 23 years were evaluated in a prospective longitudinal study at three points in time (Te1: 2005; Te2: 2010 and Te3: 2015) and compared with controls. Anthropometric, pubertal and hormonal evaluations were carried out. Age- and gender-specific Z-scores for weight, height and BMI (body mass index) were calculated according to the reference growth standards. Results: Thirty patients with SCA (mean age = 13.93 years) were evaluated at Te1 and 26 patients (mean age = 25.08 years) at Te3. The SCA group lower showed Z-scores for weight (p = 0.0002), height (p = 0.0184) and BMI (p = 0.0011) than the control group at Te1. At Te3, there was no difference in height, but weight (p = <0.0001) and BMI (p = <0.0001) were lower in the SCA group. Men showed greater weight commitment than women at the three study times (Te1: p = 0.0340, Te2: p = 0.0426 and Te3: p = 0.0387) and lower BMI in Te3 (p = 0.0155) in the SCA group. There was a significant increase in weight when comparing Te1 with Te3 (p = 0.0009) and in height when comparing Te1 with Te2 (p = 0.0292) and with Te3 (p = 0.0003) in the SCA group. There was a significant increase in weight when comparing Te1 and Te3 (p = 0.0009) and in height when comparing Te1 and Te2 (p = 0.0292) and Te3 (p = 0.0003) in the SCA group. At Te1, 14 cases and 2 controls were prepubertal. Bone age was delayed in 12 patients. Age at menarche was delayed and lower in the SCA group (mean = 15 years). Five patients had gestated, but no patient had experienced fatherhood. At Te1, TSH levels were higher (p = 0.0080) and T3 levels were lower (p = 0.0020) in the SCA group. At Te3, LH and FSH levels were higher in men with SCA (p = 0.0014; p; 0.0002). IGF-I levels were lower in cases both at Te1 (p = 0.0002) and at Te3 (p = 0.0032). Conclusions: Patients with SCA showed growth impairment and pubertal delay compared with healthy controls. However, albeit belatedly, they reached normal sexual maturation and height in adulthood. Women with SCA showed no fertility problems. The findings highlight the need to investigate the intention of paternity and fertility among men with SCA.

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