scholarly journals Hematological and Histopathological Profiles of Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei upon Treatment with Cooked Tetracarpidium conophorum Seed Ethanol Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Dada Ebenezer ◽  
Oladipo Faith Temiloluwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 5

Aim: This study was conducted to verify the hematological and histopathological outcome of cooked ethanol seed extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Study Design: Descriptive study. Methodology: Standard methods were conducted to determine the phyto-chemical profile of cooked T. conophorum seed ethanol extract, hematological, histopathological indices and biochemical assay. Mice were assembled into five groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of seven each. The mice in group 4 were treated with a customary antimalarial drug (chloroquine as positive control) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, while mice in groups 3, 2 and 1 was administered with increasing dosages (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) of seed extracts for four consecutive days respectively. Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening of T. conophorum seed extract revealed the presence of bioactive components such as saponin, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoid. Saponin (16.82 mg/100 g) was the highest occurring phytochemical followed by terpenoid (10.39 mg/100 g), glycoside (5.9 mg/100 g), tannin (2.8 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (1.17 mg/100 g), while steroid only had a trace presence. Hematological parameters revealed mice in all groups do not possess significantly different mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Mice in group 5 (infected and not treated) demonstrated lowest values of hemoglobin, platelet, and packed cell volume with a significantly lower % eosin. There was considerable decrease in the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in group 5 compared to mice in groups 1, 2, and 3. Conclusion: Ameliorative effects of seed extract were observed on the liver and kidney of mice at dose levels (200 mg/kg) used, but the 400 mg/kg restored the kidney but had adverse effect on the liver. This study therefore shows that cooked T. conophorum is generally less effective and could not be employed for treatment of malaria.

Trema orientalis (Linn.) leaves promotes anticancer activity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masnoon Kabir ◽  
Abdullah AL-Noman ◽  
Biplab Kumar Dash ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Shahina Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Trema Orientalis ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Eac Cells

AbstractBackgroundThe in vivo anticancer effect of the Trema orientalis leaves crude methanol extract (TLME) was screened against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice.Materials and methodsThe cytotoxic activity of TLME was determined in vitro by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The growth inhibitory activity and morphological alterations were determined by the hemocytometer counting of the EAC cells using trypan blue dye. The apoptotic cells were assessed by DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The hematological and biochemical parameters of experimental mice were also estimated.ResultsAfter treatment with the TLME, the viable tumor cell count, morphological changes and nuclear damages of the EAC cells were observed along with the hematological parameters of the experimental mice. The LD50 of TLME was 3120.650 mg/kg body weight, and this extract was proven to be safe at a dose of as high as 800 mg/kg body weight. The oral administration of the TLME at 400 mg/kg body weight resulted in approximately 59% tumor cell growth inhibition compared with the control mice, with considerable apoptotic features, including membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and aggregation of the apoptotic bodies in DAPI staining under a fluorescence microscope. The TLME also dose-dependently restored the altered hematological parameters to approximately normal levels. The TLME exhibited bolstering cytotoxic effect against the EAC cell with the IC50 value of 29.952 ± 1.816 μg/mL.ConclusionThe TLME has potential as a natural anti-cancer product with apoptosis induction property and cytotoxicity against carcinoma cells.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antiplasmodial (curative) Activities of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Morinda lucida (Ewe Oruwo) in Male Swiss Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Momoh Johnson Oshiobugie ◽  
Damazio Olanrewaju Anthony ◽  
Ajetunmobi Asibiallau Oladipupo ◽  
Babalola Adenike Omosalewa ◽  
Adekunle Oluwasegun Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group B

Aim: Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of many infections and diseases including malaria. The study was conducted to determine the effect of in vivo anti-plasmodial and antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Morinda lucida in male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium Berghei NK65. Study Design and Methodology: Phytochemical, GC-MS and AAS analyses were determined in the plant. Swiss albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Thirty-five (35) mice were grouped into seven groups, five per group. Group A were not infected with P.berghei NK65. Group B, C and D served as the negative and positive control groups while Group E, F and G mice were treated with 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight of methanolic leaf extract of M. lucida. Haematological parameters were determined in the whole blood using BC-3200 Auto Hematology Analyzer. TP, MDA, CAT, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit and vitamin A were all determined in the liver homogenate using standard procedures. Results: The GC-MS result of the M. lucida shows the presence of five bioactive compounds. It was also observed that the plant contains the following minerals: iron, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and copper. Acute toxicity shows that the LD50 >000mg/Kg b.wt. The extract caused 30.96%, 32.93% and 67.23% reduction in parasitemia at 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively while chloroquine exerted 96.53% and artesunate exerted 92.03% reduction at 10 mg/kg body weight respectively. The Haematological parameters showed that the plant extract is not haematotoxic since it significantly (P<0.05) reduced WBC count, and increase RBC, HGB, and HCT values in the treated mice compared to the infected untreated mice. This study shows that the mean lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly decreased in the malaria treated mice (group C, D, E, F and G) compared to the untreated mice (group B). There was also a significant increase in the total protein, catalase, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit and Vitamin A levels in the liver homogenate of animals treated with chloroquine, artesunate and extract of M. lucida compared to the untreated mice. Conclusions: The study shows that Morinda lucida possess antiplasmodial activity in male Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Daniella oliveri on Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Muhammed Muazu ◽  
Karderam Bukar Dikwa ◽  
Deborah Madi Dibal ◽  
Muhammed Danjuma ◽  
Gideon Obaje Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Albino Mice

The rapid emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to Artemisinin derivatives and all the conventional antimalarial drugs necessitates the importance of ethnobotany, resulting in need to study the antiplasmodial potentials and the resultant effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Daniella oliveri (D.oliveri) on the biochemical and haematological parameters of the infected and treated albino mice. A total of 30 mice were randomized to six groups; 1 (positive control), 2 (negative control), 3 (normal control), 4, 5 and 6 (treatment groups) of five mice per group, body weights of mice were measured before and after infection and treatments, the mice were Infected intravenously with 0.2 ml of 1x107 standard inoculum of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infected erythrocytes on the first day (day 0), treatment commence 72 hours later (day 3), continued for 5 days to terminate on day 7. On day 8, the Swiss Albino mice used for antiplasmodial activity were subjected to euthanasia under chloroform, aseptically dissected and blood was collected through cardiac puncture in lithium heparin bottle for biochemical assays and in an ethylene diamine tetra- acetic acid (EDTA) bottles for haematological assays.All mice in the treatment group showed decrease in body weight except for normal control group that showed increase in body weight. Methanolic leaf extract of D.oliveri contains some secondary metabolites that are hepato-protective in nature with no significant effects on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the malaria infected and treated albino mice.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALANGIUM SALVIFOLIUM LEAVES IN ANIMAL MODELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
PRATHIMA C ◽  
SHASHIKUMARA SHASHIKUMARA ◽  
THIPPESWAMY T
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves (EASL) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in animal model. Methods: The ethanolic extract of A. salvifolium was prepared by continuous method using Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical analysis of EASL was conducted. Anticancer activity of the extract was evaluated by EAC model in Swiss albino mice. EASL was administered at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight once a day orally for 14 days, after 24 h of tumor inoculation. Results: A. salvifolium leaves extract treatment produced significant decrease in tumor volume and body weight, and increase in total and non-viable cell count, along with elevated life span of EAC-bearing mice. The EASL exhibited potent dose-dependent antitumor activity. Further, the altered hematological parameters such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, and white blood cells levels as well as biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and total protein levels in EAC mice were significantly (p<0.05) regained following treatment with EASL. The anticancer potential of EASL can be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Conclusion: Results suggest that EASL possesses significant anticancer activity against EAC tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals Alteration in MDA, GSH level and hematological changes due to thiamine deficiency in Mus musculus

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Anupama Sharma ◽  
Renu Bist
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Albino Mice

Abstract It is known that thiamine deficiency may lead to Alzheimer’s diseases in humans. The present study has thus been conducted to understand the role of thiamine deficiency with respect to alteration in the peripheral blood of Swiss albino mice. For this purpose, adult Swiss albino mice (6–8 week old) were divided into three groups. The first group was control; the second (group II) and the third group (group III) were made thiamine deficient for 08 and 10 days respectively. Thiamine deficiency was induced in mice by injecting pyrithiamine (5 µg/10 g bwt) and feeding a thiamine deficient diet. The erythrocytes, leukocytes count, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, mass cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin in blood of mice were determined by hematoanalyzer. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level was also determined in serum of treated and non-treated groups. A significant reduction in leukocyte and erythrocyte count was observed in both the thiamine deficient groups as compared to control. Levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit value were also declined in the thiamine deficient groups. Enhancement in mass cell volume (MCV) level and decline in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels were observed in both thiamine deficient groups with respect to control. Inter-group comparison of all parameters also showed a significant value at p<0.01. In comparison with the control group, elevation in MDA and decline in GSH level was observed in both thiamine deficient groups which were statistically significant. These data indicate that thiamine deficiency leads to significant alterations in the hematological parameters as well as in MDA and GSH level.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Haematological Parameters and Differential Cells in Plasmodium Berghei-infected Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
G. S. Haruna ◽  
M. O. Enemali ◽  
I. I. Achimugu ◽  
R. Isah ◽  
M. Miftahu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hematological Changes

The current study evaluated the hematological changes in albino mice following infection with P. berghei and treatment with sodium bicarbonate; an alkaline substance intended to alkalinize the pH in the parasite environment. Twenty albino mice were randomly divided into five groups of four mice each. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were the test groups and administered 84mg/kg b.w of sodium bicarbonate injection once, twice and thrice respectively. Groups 1 received dH20, group 2; only P. berghei. Three days later, hematological parameters and differential cells were analyzed. PCV was significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups 2(32.00±0.70), 3(34.00±0.70), 4(34.00±0.70), 5(33.00±0.70) compared to control (35.00±0.70). Haemoglobin decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 5 (11.00±0.70) compared to control (11.80±0.70). WBC showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the test groups; 2(3600.00±70.71), 3(4600.00±70.71), 4(4800.00±70.71), 5 (4800.00±70.71) compared to control (3200.00±70.71). Platelets decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the test groups; 2(90.00±.70), 3(87.00±.70), 4(84.00±.70), 5(86.00±.70) compared to control (92.00±.70). The percentage neutrophils was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 2(61.00±0.70), significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups 3(58.00±0.70), 4(57.00±0.70), 5(57.00±0.70) compared to control (60.00±0.70). Leucocytes increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups 2(36.00±0.70), 3(38.00±0.70), 4(38.00±0.70), 5(40.0±0.70) compared to control (32.00±0.70). Monocyte was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the test groups; 2(2.00±0.07), 3(2.00±0.07), 4(2.00±0.10) and 5(1.00±0.89) compared to control (4.00±0.07). Eosinophils decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 2(1.00±0.35), increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4(3.00±0.70) compared to control (2.00±0.70). Basophils were not detected in neither of the groups. This study revealed that sodium bicarbonate administered to albino mice infected with P. berghei caused the elevation of some hematological parameters and differential cells.

Effect of Sorafenib on Sex Hormone Levels in Male Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 3883-3888
Author(s):  
Surekha D. Shetty ◽  
Laxminarayana Bairy K. ◽  
AM Prasad ◽  
Satheesha Nayak B. ◽  
Ashwini Aithal P.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Hormones play a vital role in initiating and maintenance of male reproductive or testicular function which includes the production of androgens and spermatozoa. Testosterone is essential for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. FSH is responsible for the stimulation of spermatogenesis. Semen analysis and hormone evaluation are essential parameters in the diagnosis of infertility in males. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of sorafenib on FSH and intratesticular testosterone levels in male Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The animals were segregated into control, positive control, and treatment groups (n=6). Treatment group received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight of sorafenib orally for seven consecutive days at intervals of 24 hours between two administrations. Positive control group received 100 mg/kg body weight of imatinib. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th and 10th week after the last exposure to sorafenib. Results: The intratesticular testosterone level was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in treated groups and severe effect was observed on week 4th and 5th weeks. FSH level was increased significantly (P<0.05) in sorafenib treated groups of mice. Conclusion: The administration of sorafenib does affect testosterone and FSH level significantly, but this effect is reversible once the drug is withdrawn. This finding may help the clinicians to plan and address the fertility-related issues in young patients of reproductive age who are being treated with sorafenib for advanced renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

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