scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antiplasmodial (curative) Activities of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Morinda lucida (Ewe Oruwo) in Male Swiss Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Momoh Johnson Oshiobugie ◽  
Damazio Olanrewaju Anthony ◽  
Ajetunmobi Asibiallau Oladipupo ◽  
Babalola Adenike Omosalewa ◽  
Adekunle Oluwasegun Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group B

Aim: Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of many infections and diseases including malaria. The study was conducted to determine the effect of in vivo anti-plasmodial and antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Morinda lucida in male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium Berghei NK65. Study Design and Methodology: Phytochemical, GC-MS and AAS analyses were determined in the plant. Swiss albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Thirty-five (35) mice were grouped into seven groups, five per group. Group A were not infected with P.berghei NK65. Group B, C and D served as the negative and positive control groups while Group E, F and G mice were treated with 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight of methanolic leaf extract of M. lucida. Haematological parameters were determined in the whole blood using BC-3200 Auto Hematology Analyzer. TP, MDA, CAT, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit and vitamin A were all determined in the liver homogenate using standard procedures. Results: The GC-MS result of the M. lucida shows the presence of five bioactive compounds. It was also observed that the plant contains the following minerals: iron, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and copper. Acute toxicity shows that the LD50 >000mg/Kg b.wt. The extract caused 30.96%, 32.93% and 67.23% reduction in parasitemia at 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively while chloroquine exerted 96.53% and artesunate exerted 92.03% reduction at 10 mg/kg body weight respectively. The Haematological parameters showed that the plant extract is not haematotoxic since it significantly (P<0.05) reduced WBC count, and increase RBC, HGB, and HCT values in the treated mice compared to the infected untreated mice. This study shows that the mean lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly decreased in the malaria treated mice (group C, D, E, F and G) compared to the untreated mice (group B). There was also a significant increase in the total protein, catalase, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit and Vitamin A levels in the liver homogenate of animals treated with chloroquine, artesunate and extract of M. lucida compared to the untreated mice. Conclusions: The study shows that Morinda lucida possess antiplasmodial activity in male Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65.

scholarly journals GC–MS Analysis and Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Carica papaya against Plasmodium berghei NK65 Infection in Swiss Mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-197
Author(s):  
Johnson Oshiobugie Momoh ◽  
Olanrewaju Anthony Damazio ◽  
Omolayo Monsurat Oyegbami
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedures

Aim: The study determines the GC-MS and the anti-malarial activity of methanolic leaf extract of Carica papaya in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Study Design: The experimental study lasted for five weeks. Place of Study: Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Unit) and animal House unit in Department of Biological Sciences (Environmental Biology Unit), School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design and Methodology: AAS, GC-MS and phytochemical analyses were determined in the plant extract using standard procedures. Thirty-six Swiss mice of both sexes (26–32g) were divided into six groups of six mice each. Group A (normal control) was untreated and uninfected. Groups B–F were intraperitoneally inoculated with P. berghei NK65, while group B (disease control) was untreated-infected group, group C and D (standard drugs) received standard drugs, chloroquine (10 mg/kg B.WT) and artesunate (10 mg/kg B.WT); groups E and F received methanolic leaf extract of C. papaya at 400 and 600 mg/kg B.WT respectively. WBC, HCT and HGB were determined in the whole blood using BC-3200 Auto Hematology Analyzer. MDA, TP, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit, CAT and GSH were all determined in the liver homogenate using standard procedures. Results: The AAS analysis shows that the extract contains minerals like: potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and sodium. Twenty-six compounds were identified to be present in the extract using GC-MS analysis. The active compounds with their retention time, molecular weight, molecular formula, peak area and activities were predicted. The three major prevailing compounds and their percentage abundance are: squalene (27.28%), neophytadiene (12.71%) and phytol (10.16%) respectively. The phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds etc. The C. papaya extract caused 56.76% and 75.53%  significant (P<0.05) reduction in parasitemia at 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight respectively while chloroquine exerted 92.86% and artesunate exerted 90.67% reduction at 10 mg/kg body weight respectively carried out during  curative test. The extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced WBC count and increase HGB and HCT concentration in the treated mice compared to the infected untreated mice. There were significant (p<0.05) increase in the TP, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit, GSH and CAT levels in the liver homogenate of animals treated with chloroquine, artesunate and extract of C. papaya compared to the untreated mice. MDA level was significantly decreased in the malaria treated mice compared to the untreated mice. Conclusions: The study shows that methanolic leaf extract of Carica papaya possess antimalarial activity in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Daniella oliveri on Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Muhammed Muazu ◽  
Karderam Bukar Dikwa ◽  
Deborah Madi Dibal ◽  
Muhammed Danjuma ◽  
Gideon Obaje Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Albino Mice

The rapid emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to Artemisinin derivatives and all the conventional antimalarial drugs necessitates the importance of ethnobotany, resulting in need to study the antiplasmodial potentials and the resultant effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Daniella oliveri (D.oliveri) on the biochemical and haematological parameters of the infected and treated albino mice. A total of 30 mice were randomized to six groups; 1 (positive control), 2 (negative control), 3 (normal control), 4, 5 and 6 (treatment groups) of five mice per group, body weights of mice were measured before and after infection and treatments, the mice were Infected intravenously with 0.2 ml of 1x107 standard inoculum of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infected erythrocytes on the first day (day 0), treatment commence 72 hours later (day 3), continued for 5 days to terminate on day 7. On day 8, the Swiss Albino mice used for antiplasmodial activity were subjected to euthanasia under chloroform, aseptically dissected and blood was collected through cardiac puncture in lithium heparin bottle for biochemical assays and in an ethylene diamine tetra- acetic acid (EDTA) bottles for haematological assays.All mice in the treatment group showed decrease in body weight except for normal control group that showed increase in body weight. Methanolic leaf extract of D.oliveri contains some secondary metabolites that are hepato-protective in nature with no significant effects on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the malaria infected and treated albino mice.

scholarly journals Hematological and Histopathological Profiles of Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei upon Treatment with Cooked Tetracarpidium conophorum Seed Ethanol Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Dada Ebenezer ◽  
Oladipo Faith Temiloluwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 5

Aim: This study was conducted to verify the hematological and histopathological outcome of cooked ethanol seed extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Study Design: Descriptive study. Methodology: Standard methods were conducted to determine the phyto-chemical profile of cooked T. conophorum seed ethanol extract, hematological, histopathological indices and biochemical assay. Mice were assembled into five groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of seven each. The mice in group 4 were treated with a customary antimalarial drug (chloroquine as positive control) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, while mice in groups 3, 2 and 1 was administered with increasing dosages (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) of seed extracts for four consecutive days respectively. Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening of T. conophorum seed extract revealed the presence of bioactive components such as saponin, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoid. Saponin (16.82 mg/100 g) was the highest occurring phytochemical followed by terpenoid (10.39 mg/100 g), glycoside (5.9 mg/100 g), tannin (2.8 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (1.17 mg/100 g), while steroid only had a trace presence. Hematological parameters revealed mice in all groups do not possess significantly different mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Mice in group 5 (infected and not treated) demonstrated lowest values of hemoglobin, platelet, and packed cell volume with a significantly lower % eosin. There was considerable decrease in the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in group 5 compared to mice in groups 1, 2, and 3. Conclusion: Ameliorative effects of seed extract were observed on the liver and kidney of mice at dose levels (200 mg/kg) used, but the 400 mg/kg restored the kidney but had adverse effect on the liver. This study therefore shows that cooked T. conophorum is generally less effective and could not be employed for treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial and haematological effects of Senna occidentalis leaf ethanolic extracts on Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
S.M. Babangida ◽  
G.J. Sow ◽  
D.M. Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Albino Mice

A research was conducted to investigate the haematological effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of Senna occidentalis on Swiss albino mice infected with 0.2 ml of Plasmodium berghei infected blood. Fifteen (15) mice weighing between 140-260g were assigned into five study groups of three mice each. The first group is treated with 0.2 mL of normal saline (drug free control). Group 2, 3, 4 were treated with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of theethanolic leaf extract respectively while group 5 received 10mg/kg of chloroquine phosphate. All doses were administered orally. The results obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to separate the means. The result of the preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, diterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, Triterpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The level of parasite suppression ranges from 35% to 75% and the activity increased with increase in concentration of the extracts (dose dependent). The extracts were found to increase the level of some haematological parameters such as Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Haemoglobin. The effect is concentration dependent, increases with increase in concentration. Thus, the anti plasmodial efficacy of the leaf extract of S. occidentalis on P. berghei is confirmed. It is recommended that , 400 mg/kg leaf ethanolic extracts of S. occidentalis couldbe use in the treatment of malarial fever.

scholarly journals Screening of analgesic activity of Phoenix sylvestris leaves in rodents

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Pankaj Jain ◽  
◽  
Sonika Jain ◽  
Surendra Kumar Swarnkar ◽  
Swapnil Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Withdrawal Reflexes

Aim: The present study evaluated the central and peripheral analgesic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Phoenix sylvestris (PSLME) in swiss albino mice. Method: Peripheral and central analgesic activity was evaluated by tail immersion and acetic acid writhing in swiss albino mice. Dextropropoxyphene was used as a standard drug in the dose of 65mg/kg body weight in both models. PSLME was tested at 100 and 500mg/kg dose level. Results: The result revealed that methanolic extract exhibit 48% and 40.5% writhing inhibition at 500 and 100 mg/kg doses whereas ~30% tail withdrawal reflexes inhibition at 500mg/kg which was analogous to the standard drug dextropropoxyphene. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of leaves of P. sylvestris possesses both peripheral and central analgesic activity in experimental animal.

scholarly journals SODIUM FLUORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF SWISS ALBINO MICE AND AMELIORATION BY OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagwendra Prakash ◽  
Suresh Kumar Sabal ◽  
Rajbala Verma ◽  
John Pj ◽  
Inderpal Soni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in Swiss albino mice and amelioration by Ocimum sanctum Linn.Methods: Mice were divided into six groups, Group I received tap water, Group II received low dose of NaF (8 mg/L), Group III high dose of NaF (80 mg/L) in drinking water, Group IV tap water along with 250 mg/kg body weight/day leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., Group V 8 mg/L NaF in drinking water and 250 mg/kg body weight leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., and Group VI 80 mg/L NaF in drinking water along with leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. 250 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. On the 91st day, the animals were autopsied and liver tissue samples were taken to assess histopathological changes and oxidative stress by estimating glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.Results: A highly significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred with the high dose (Group III). Hepatic histopathological architecture exhibited deformities, namely, ballooning, hypertrophy, hepatocellular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells, deformed central vein, sinusoidal dilation, and binucleated cells. Low-dose group (Group II) showed a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels as compared to control group, and histological sections of liver showed dilated sinusoids, infiltration of mononuclear cells, ballooning, and hypertrophy of hepatocytes. Groups IV and V showed no pathological features. Group VI showed less damage to the liver as compared to Group III.Conclusion: The results revealed that the administration of leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. elicited protection against NaF-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. It may, therefore, be inferred that fluoride caused hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice at the tested dose levels can be ameliorated by O. sanctum Linn.

scholarly journals Effects of Fasting on Body Weight, Serum Glucose and Creatinine and Histotexture of Liver and Kidney in Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Tithe Saha ◽  
Khaled Mahmud Sujan ◽  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
Md Kamrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Fasting means remaining without foods and water from a specific period of time which is important for improving health and increasing longevity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of fasting on body weight, serum biochemistry and histomorphological changes of liver and kidney in mice. A total of 18 Swiss Albino Mice (Musmusculus), 28-35 days old with an average body weight of 26.2 ± 1 gm were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was considered as control (n=6) and fed on standard mice pellet and fresh drinking water. Group B was considered as 14 hours fasting group (n=6), kept fasting for 14 hrs and Group C was considered as 18 hours fasting group (n=6), kept fasting for 18 hrs. At the end of the experiment, blood and tissues were collected for biochemical and histomorphological examination. Data showed that no significant change was found in body weight, serum glucose and creatinine level in fasting groups Histopathological studies of liver and kidney revealed that fasting could initiate minor change in the normal structures of liver but no architectural change in kidney. Slight depletion of glycogen was found in hepatocytes of liver. From the present study it can be concluded that fasting may be beneficial as its decreases body weight gain and have not any significant alteration in the liver and kidney histotextures. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 421-430,  December 2020

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