scholarly journals Plug Cell Volume, Growing Media Quality and Benzyl Aminopurine (BAP) Spray Effects for Nursery Growth of Impatiens walleriana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
J. De Lojo ◽  
E. Gandolfo ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
C. Boschi ◽  
A. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Pot Plants

Plant propagators must take two technological critical decisions: the plug-cell size and the growing medium, both of which have been mentioned as abiotic stress sources for bedding pot plants. However, only a few recent reports on bedding pot plants have simultaneously included limiting and non-limiting plug cell volumes and growing medium during nursery. The aim of this work was to assess the nursery performance of Impatiens walleriana seedlings grown in four plug cell volumes and four growing media with significant differences in both physical and chemical properties. Plants were sprayed or not with an early and single benzyl aminopurine (BAP) dose, aiming to understand how they interact on determining biomass accumulation at the pot transplant stage. The hypothesis tested was that, both plug cell volume and growing medium, must be seen as additive abiotic stress sources, which can be partially overridden by exogenous cytokinin supply. The main result was that, in I. walleriana seedlings, the abiotic stress imposed by the growing medium quality during nursery had a higher effect on biomass accumulation (on both fresh and dry base), leaf area expansion and photo assimilates partitioning than plug cell volume and constitute an interactive process associated with cytokinin synthesis. From a grower´s point of view, one expensive option to avoid root restriction is to use high quality growing media and increase the plug cell volume. In contrast, a single 100 mg L-1 BAP spray can partially override the root restriction symptoms related to abiotic stresses. The novelty of this work is related to the fact that growing media quality would be a more limited factor than plug cell volume for I. walleriana seedlings during nursery.

scholarly journals Growing Media Quality and Plug Cell Volume would be Interactive Abiotic Stresses for Impatiens walleriana Pot Yield

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
J. De Lojo ◽  
E. Gandolfo ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
C. Boschi ◽  
A. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana

Higher bedding plant yields per unit greenhouse area was reaching through two grower´s currently decision-making: plug cell volume during nursery and growing media quality for both nursery and pot cycle. With the goal of maximizing bedding plant yield to identify the main limiting factor at the pot stage, we evaluated Impatiens walleriana yield to the end of the pot growth stage when four different pre-transplant cell volume and four pre or post-transplant growing media with different physical properties were used. The hypothesis tested was that only one of the potentially negative stress source (pre-transplant cell volume or growing medium quality) is the main responsible for decreasing biomass accumulation at the post-transplant pot growing cycle. The experimental design was a randomised factorial with three blocks of five single-pot replications of each treatment combination (plug cell volume × growing medium × pre- and post-transplant).The main result was that, in I. walleriana seedlings, the combining abiotic stresses imposed by both the growing medium quality and nursery plug cell volume defined biomass accumulation (on a fresh and dry base), leaf area expanded and photo assimilates partitioned as opposed to a previous report, which indicate that that growing media quality would be a more limited factor than plug cell volume for I. walleriana seedlings during nursery.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism Involved in the Response to Four Lettuce Varieties to a Pre-transplant Root Restriction and a 6, benzyl aminopurine (BAP) Spray

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
L. Campolongo ◽  
D. Carnelos ◽  
J. Lozano Miglioli ◽  
P. Fuginuma ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Hormonal Manipulation ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Cell Volumes

Vegetable yield is positively related to the environment and negatively affected by the pot root restriction during both the nursery and post-transplant stages. Root restriction is a physical stress imposed on the root system when plants are grown in small containers, which leads to a pronounced decrease in root and shoot growth at both the transplant and pot stages. Based on the assumption that the plant responses are mainly associated with a negative hormonal signaling from roots, some researchers have proposed that these abiotic stresses may be overridden by using a pre-transplant spray with benzyl amino purine (BAP), a synthetic cytokinin able to regulate plant metabolism. Although the physiological mechanisms induced by BAP have been described, the implementation of commercial applications of BAP for vegetables is still a pending issue. The aim of this work was to analyze growth changes in four lettuce genotypes in the presence of different root restrictions degree by the use of different plug cell volumes but sprayed with a single BAP spray under the hypothesis that it would play a role as abiotic stress alleviators. Our results showed that the higher biomass accumulation in lettuce plants non root-limited and BAP-sprayed ones are supported by higher photosynthetic rates, by higher leaf number initiation and expansion and by photo assimilate partition to shoots. Understanding the plant responses to this hormonal manipulation and the physiological mechanism involved will allow adjusting the agronomic advice for different vegetables and reaching commercial yields to each of them.

scholarly journals Garden post-transplant effects of pre-transplant plug cell volume and growing medium quality (as abiotic stresses) in Impatiens walleriana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan María de Lojo ◽  
Esteban Gandolfo ◽  
Verónica Feuring ◽  
Ernesto Benito Giardina ◽  
Carlos Luís Boschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Pot Culture

Abstract Although much is known about the production of bedding plants, including Impatiens walleriana, little has been documented on their post-production performance. Thus, the aim of this work was to understand how pre-transplant crop management related to root restrictions imposed by plug cell volume and substrate quality affects the post-production performance related to biomass accumulation. To this end, we tested four plug cell volumes, as well as four growing media with significantly different physical and chemical properties, during nursery and pot culture. We also evaluated the difference between use and nonuse of synthetic cytokinin spray (benzyl aminopurine, BAP), a proven stress alleviator. Our novelty data validated the previous hypothesis and showed that plant quality and garden performance are dependent on these potential stress sources. The physiological mechanisms involved included differences in leaf area expansion (estimated mainly by relative leaf area expansion rate) and differences in CO2 fixation capacity (estimated by net assimilation rate). The sum of these responses determined significant differences in total fresh and dry weight during pot culture, which were amplified when plants were transplanted to a field bed. Spraying plants with synthetic cytokinin early during nursery allowed overriding of most root restriction abiotic stresses related to plug cell volume and growing media; therefore, synthetic cytokinin constitutes a tool to improve the yield of bedding plants (at the grower's level) and garden performance.

scholarly journals 532 PB 008 DEVELOPMENT OF ROOT RESTRICTION STRESS IN WATERMELON TRANSPLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 507e-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin Liu ◽  
Joyce G. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Cell Volumes

Seeds of `Mirage' and `Starbrite' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] were sown in TODD planter flats with root cell volumes of 20, 28, 39, 49, or 83 cm3. Plants were harvested for growth measurement at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after seeding (DAS). Data were regressed over root cell volume for each harvest date. The effect of root volume restriction (RVR) was determined by comparing the slopes of the regression lines. All measurements of growth increased with increasing root volume at each harvest date. Generally, the slopes of all regression lines increased with each successive harvest, i.e., plant growth was limited more in the smaller root volumes than in larger volumes at each successive harvest. The greatest increase in the slopes of the regression lines occurred between 10 and 15 DAS for most measurements of both cultivars. This indicates that RVR became significantly more limiting to seedling growth after 10 DAS which corresponded to the second to third true-leaf stage.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Liquid Complementary Fertilizer on The Seed Growing Medium from Topsoil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Fazlul Wahyudi ◽  
Bambang J. Priatmadi ◽  
Joko Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Seed Growing

In coal mine reclamation activities, topsoil is generally used as the top layer on the reclamation land surface and the primary material in the growing medium for reclamation plant seeds due to its abundant availability. Topsoil generally has a low fertility rate because the soil layers between horizons have been mixed. Improvement of topsoil quality can be performed by adding organic fertilizers. This study aimed to identify the effect of organic fertilizers, liquid complementary fertilizers (LCF), and their interactions on selected soil's chemical properties from the topsoil used as a seed growing medium. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, consisting of organic fertilizer factors (guano phosphate, Subur Ijo, vermicompost) and LCF factors (IMO, liquid smoke, Vermiwash). The results showed that the independent treatment of organic fertilizers and LCF had a very significant effect on pH. The independent treatment of organic fertilizers had a very significant effect on organic C and Total K. Meanwhile, the interaction between the two treatments had a very significant effect on the Total N and Total P of the growing media. The addition of organic fertilizers and LCF can improve topsoil quality to be used as a medium for growing media.

Needle microepiphytes in a Douglas fir canopy: biomass and distribution patterns

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Total Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Cell Volumes

Distribution patterns and total cell-volume estimates for needle microepiphytes are presented for three strata in the canopy of a single old-growth Douglas fir tree. Microbial cell volume was estimated by photographing transverse sections of needles, tracing microbial profiles on Mylar film, cutting out the tracings, and determining the pooled trace weights from various zones of each needle section. Microbial cells are concentrated in the midrib groove and over the stomatal zones of individual needles. Microbial cell volume on the upper needle surfaces increases during the 1st year and declines in subsequent years. Cell volumes on the lower needle surfaces increase from the 1st to the 3rd year and decrease from the 3rd to the 4th year. An increase in microbial cell volume occurs on both upper and lower surfaces from year 7 to year 8. Total microbial cell volume in relation to available needle surface area is greatest in the lower canopy and decreases with increasing height in the canopy. The total volume of microbial cells on needles was estimated to be 1093 cm3 for the entire tree.

scholarly journals Combining Selenium Biofortification with Vermicompost Growing Media in Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Lucija Galić ◽  
Marija Špoljarević ◽  
Alicja Auriga ◽  
Boris Ravnjak ◽  
Tomislav Vinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Growing Medium

Leafy vegetables are a daily part of the human diet all over the world. At the same time, a worldwide problem of Se malnutrition is present in human populations, mostly due to low soil Se contents. As plants represent the main source of this element in the human diet, with Se being an essential trace element for humans and animals, plant foods containing Se can be used as an efficient means of increasing the Se in the human diet, as well as in animal feed (biofortification). At the same time, the production of growing media relies on limited peat reserves. The use of earthworms facilitates the production of composted organic masses mostly consisting of organic waste, called vermicompost. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different growing media (commercial peat media, vermicompost, and a 1:1 mixture) on Se biofortification’s efficacy and yield in lamb’s lettuce. The Se biofortification was performed with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). It was shown that biofortification increased the Se contents such that a mass of only 48.9 g of fresh leaves contained enough Se for the recommended daily intake in human nutrition (55 µg Se/day), which represents a significant potential for solving Se malnutrition. Furthermore, the use of a 1:1 vermicompost–commercial substrate mixture showed a similar performance to the peat growing medium, contributing to the preservation of peat reserves.

Red cell volume and blood volume in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Cell Volumes

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Herefords and Hereford x Shorthorn crosses), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were maintained either on pasture or yarded, and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Blood volumes were determined on five occasions at intervals of 3 months by the 51Cr labelling technique, plasma and red cell volumes being then derived from the venous haematocrit. The blood plasma, and red cell volumes are all very significantly, correlated with, and represent respectively 4.97, 3.27, and 1.70% of, the fasting body weight. To avoid the confounding effect of body weight, the parameters are expressed as "contents", i.e, in terms of volume per kilogram fasting body weight. In the grazing group breed differences were generally absent. This may in part be due to the fact that the Zebu crossbreds belonged mostly to the F2 and partly to the F3 generation. In the yarded group, where F1 crossbreds were compared with British steers, breed differences were more frequent. British steers tended to have higher plasma contents, but lower red cell contents and haematocrits. Nutrition had no effect on plasma contents, but good nutrition was generally associated with higher haematocrits, as well as with elevated blood and red cell contents. Seasonal differences were in evidence, and all parameters generally reached minimal values in winter or spring. The significance of these findings in relation to adaptation to a tropical environment is discussed. The haematocrit does not necessarily reflect changes in the red cell volume. There is also some indication that the water and plasma contents may be related. The possible usefulness of the red cell volume for predicting the body composition is discussed.

Regulation of cellular volume in rabbit ventricular myocytes: bumetanide, chlorothiazide, and ouabain

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. C122-C131 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Drewnowska ◽  
C. M. Baumgarten
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Regulatory Volume Decrease ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Measured Volume ◽  
Volume Decrease

Video microscopy was used to study the regulation of cell volume in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes. Myocytes rapidly (less than or equal to 2 min) swelled and shrank in hyposmotic and hyperosmotic solutions, respectively, and this initial volume response was maintained without a regulatory volume decrease or increase for 20 min. Relative cell volumes (normalized to isosmotic solution, 1T) were as follows: 1.41 +/- 0.01 in 0.6T, 1.20 +/- 0.04 in 0.8T, 0.71 +/- 0.04 in 1.8T, and 0.57 +/- 0.03 in 2.6T. These volume changes were significantly less than expected if all of the measured volume was osmotically active water. Changes in width and thickness were significantly greater than changes in cell length. The idea that cotransport contributes to cell volume regulation was tested by inhibiting Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport with bumetanide (BUM) and Na(+)-Cl- cotransport with chlorothiazide (CTZ). Under isotonic conditions, a 10-min exposure to BUM (1 microM), CTZ (100 microM), or BUM (10 microM) plus CTZ (100 microM) decreased relative cell volume to 0.87 +/- 0.01, 0.86 +/- 0.02, and 0.82 +/- 0.04, respectively. BUM plus CTZ also modified the response to osmotic stress. Swelling in 2.6T medium was 76% greater and shrinkage in 0.6T medium was 29% less than in the absence of diuretics. In contrast to the rapid effects of diuretics, inhibition of the Na(+)-K+ pump with 10 microM ouabain for 20 min did not affect cell volume in 1T solution. Nevertheless, ouabain decreased swelling in 0.6T medium by 52% and increased shrinkage in 1.8T medium by 34%. These data suggest that under isotonic conditions Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- and Na(+)-Cl- cotransport are critical in establishing cell volume, but osmoregulation can compensate for Na(+)-K+ pump inhibition for at least 20 min. Under anisotonic conditions, the Na(+)-K+ pump and Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- and/or Na(+)-Cl- cotransport are important in myocyte volume regulation.

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