Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Farm Yard Manure on Agronomic Characteristics of Upland Rice Straw in Taita Taveta Highlands, Kenya

The study evaluated upland rice varietal agronomic characteristics and differences due to effects of fertilizer treatment and season at Taita Taveta University, Ngerenyi campus. The experiment was conducted during the short rains of 2018 and long rains of 2019. The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Individual plots measured 2.5 m by 2 m. Varieties evaluated were 17KH09010093B, WDR73 Hybrid, NERICA 1, NERICA 10 and Komboka. The treatments included were farm yard manure (8 tons ha-1), DAP at 75 kg ha-1, NPK (17:17:17) at 65 kg ha-1, and no fertilizer. Plant height, panicle length, leaf length, number of tillers, fresh weight, and dry weight were assessed. Variety, fertilizer and season had significant effects (P=0.05) on the morphological variables. NERICA 10 was the tallest variety at a mean of 72 cm in 2018 and a mean height of 61 cm in 2019. DAP treated plants were the tallest in both 2018 and 2019. Varieties were significantly different (P=0.0004) for panicle length. NERICA 10 had the longest panicles. Varietal effect was significant (P<0.001) for leaf length. NERICA 1 had the longest leaves in both seasons. DAP had the greatest effect on leaf length. Varieties differed significantly (P<0.001) in number of tillers per plant. Variety 17KH09010093B had the highest number of tillers per plant of 34.78 obtained in 2018. DAP resulted in the highest number of tillers. Variety and fertilizers interacted significantly (P=0.007) for foliage weight. WDR73 Hybrid out-yielded other varieties (149.31g) in fresh foliage weight. DAP resulted in the highest fresh morphological yield followed by NPK. There were significant differences in dry foliage weight among varieties and between seasons (P<0.001). Variety 17KH09010093B had the highest dry weight. Further studies on the socio–economics of fertilizer use should be conducted to provide reliable recommendations for upland rice production as forage.

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Pengaruh Pupuk Majemuk NPKS dan NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Sawah pada Inceptisol

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan ◽

10.21082/jpptp.v34n3.2015.p175-185 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Wiwik Hartatik ◽

Ladiyani Retno Widowati

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Production Performance ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Optimum Rate ◽

Compound Fertilizer

<p>Rate of NPK fertilization on rice using NPK compound fertilizer needs to consider soil nutrient status and plant nutrient requirement. The research was aimed to determine the optimum rate of compound fertilizer and the effect of enriched S nutrient of NPKS compound (15-15-15-5S) and NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) on the growth and yield of rice. The experiments were conducted at two sites in Galuga, Ciampea Bogor, West Java from April to September 2013, using randomised complete block design with 3 replications. Experiment at site I consisted of 9 treatments: six levels of fertilizers NPKS i.e. 0; 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 kg/ha, standard fertilizer, NPK compound fertilizer equivalent to standard, and standard fertilizer plus S. Rate of urea, SP-36, and KCl for standard fertilizer treatment was respectively 250, 75, and 50 kg/ha. At site II the treatments consisted of 6 levels of NPK compound fertilizer i.e. 0; 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 kg/ha and the standard fertilizer with rate of 250 kg/ha of urea, 50 kg/ha SP-36, and 75 kg/ha KCl. Plot size was 4 m x 5 m planted with Ciherang variety. Data collection included chemical properties of soil before and after the experiment, plant height, number of tillers, straw weight, and dry grain weight and the nutrient uptake. The effectiveness of fertilizer was calculated by RAE (Relative Agronomic Effectiveness). Results showed that fertilizer NPKS (15-15-15-5S) at 600 kg/ha effectively increased dry grain weight from 3.63 t/ha to 4.67 t/ha, but was not significantly different from a standard fertilizer treatment. It increased dry grain weight by 29% compared to control. NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) effectively promoted growth and dry grain weight equivalent to standard fertilizer at rate of 300-750 kgha. The optimum rate of NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was 440 kg/ha as was shown with the production performance of 4.12 t/ha with RAE by 58%. NPKS compound fertilizer with rate of 750 kg/ha showed the highest uptake of N, P, and K nutrients and significantly increased the available P in the soil. Whereas NPK compound fertilizer with a rate of 600 kg/ha indicated the highest P nutrient uptake. Fertilizer enrichment with sulfur on NPKS fertilizer (15-15-15-5S) did not significant affect on grain dry weight.</p>

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Application of Potassium Fertilizer and Chicken Coop Fertilizer Against Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.)

Nabatia ◽

10.21070/nabatia.v9i1.1454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andy Pradana ◽

Al Machfudz WDP

Keyword(s):

Growth Phase ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Potassium Fertilizer ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

This study aims to determine the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure to the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.). The study used a randomized block design with 2 factors repeated 3 times. Factor 1: Potassium Fertilizer 40,60,80 kg/ha. Factor 2: Chicken Manure 5,10,15 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure did not interact with either the growth phase or the production phase of the plant on all observation variables, while the potassium fertilizer treatment showed significantly different results only on the plant vegetative growth parameters, namely the number of leaves at the age of 7 days after planting, namely ( 8,111 strands), while the vegetative phase had no significant effect on the number of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per plot, dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump, and dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot. While the treatment of chicken manure had a significant effect on the vegetative growth phase of plants, namely the length of plants at 28 DAP (30.278 cm) and 35 DAP (32.704 cm), on the number of leaves at 7 DAP (8,000 strands). While the generative phase (60 DAP) significantly affected the number of tubers per clump, namely (5,889 grams), wet weight of tubers per clump (38,333 grams), wet weight of tubers per plot (319,000 grams), dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump. namely (23.074 grams), and the dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot (191.889 grams).

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Application of Drip Irrigation on Various Planting Media and Cow Urine in the Main Media of Preliminary Oil Palm Nursery

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 883 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

C I Wahyudin ◽

A S Mahulette ◽

V L Tanasale ◽

D A Marasabessy ◽

N Goo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weight Increase ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Media Composition ◽

Cow Urine ◽

Wet Weight

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation and biological organic fertilizer treatment on oil palm growth. This study used a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. This research consisted of three experiments, namely drip irrigation, planting media composition, and cow urine dose on the growth of oil palm seedlings. There are three levels of drip irrigation, namely 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. Experiments on the type of planting media composition consisted of two types, namely M1 (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) and M2 (ultisol soil + empty bunches + goat manure). The cow urine experiment consisted of three levels, namely 100 ml, 150 ml, 300 ml. The results showed that giving water for 30 minutes gave the best results on stem circumference, plant height increase, plant dry weight increase, plant wet weight increase in oil palm seedlings. M1 media (ultisol soil + husk charcoal + fern fertilizer) had a significant effect on the increase in plant height, wet weight and dry weight of oil palm seedlings. Treatment of 150 ml cow urine liquid fertilizer is sufficient for the needs of oil palm seedlings with a response that is not different from 200 ml of cow urine.

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GENETIC DIVERSITY, HERITABILITY AND CORRELATION BETWEEN LOCAL CULTIVARS OF PADDY GOGO

AGROLAND The Agricultural Sciences Journal ◽

10.22487/j24077593.2019.v6.i1.12570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Mustakim Mustakim ◽

Sakka Samudin ◽

Maemunah Maemunah

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Yield ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Number Of Seeds ◽

Seed Diameter

Paddy is one of the important cereal crops as food a main food for a third of the world's population, including Asia. Production of paddy rice plants can be improved through plant genetic improvement. The ebjective of this study was examine the genetic diversity, heritability, and correlation between the characteristics of several local upland rice cultivars. This study was carried out in Tamarenja Village, Sindue District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. It was began in May to October 2018. A Randomized Block Design with eight cultivars as a genotypic treatment and reapeted three times was used in this study. There were 24 trial plots in total. Variables observed included plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, age of panicle exit, panicle length, harvest age, number of seeds per panicle, seed length, seed diameter, weight of 100 seeds, and total yield. The results showed that the genetic influences were more dominant than the environment on all observed variables except the weight of 100 seeds and seed diameter. The number of seeds per panicle, the number of tillers and the number of productive tillers were traits that have a high value on heritability and genetic progress. Panicle length, seed diameter and weight of 100 seeds were characteristics that have a high genetic correlation coefficient on upland rice yields. The weight of 100 seeds has a direct influence and high genetic correlation to the results so that it can be used as a direct selection criterion to increase upland rice yields.

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Peningkatan Produktivitas Lahan Gambut melalui Teknik Ameliorasi dan Inokulasi Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat

Jurnal Agro ◽

10.15575/76 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Ida Nur Istina ◽

Benny Joy ◽

Aisyah D Suyono

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

P Uptake ◽

Leaf Length ◽

P Availability ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

Keterbatasan lahan potensial menyebabkan perluasan areal pertanian mengarah pada lahan gambut. Kendala pengembangan lahan gambut adalah rendahnya kandungan hara tersedia bagi tanaman. Fosfat (P) merupakan salah satu unsur hara makro yang penting untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, disisi lain ketersediaan hara ini pada lahan gambut terbatas karena ikatan asam organik dan sifat yang mudah tercuci. Penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh ameliorasi dan inokulasi mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap ketersediaan hara P di lahan gambut dilakukan di kebun pembibitan kelapa sawit petani di Riau dari Oktober 2013 - Maret 2014, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dengan 30 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi : tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, jumlah daun, lebar daun, panjang daun, kandungan hara tanaman, dan bobot biomasa bibit setelah 5 bulan di pembibitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ameliorasi menggunakan kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit mampu meningkatkan P tersedia, serapan P oleh batang dan akar, berat brangkasan dan berat kering batang. Sedangkan mikroba pelarut fosfat berpengaruh secara tidak nyata.The limitation of potential land leads agricultural development expansion to the peat soil area. Constrain of the peatland development is the low nutrient content that is required by plant. Phosphate is one of major growth and production limiting nutrient because of the solublelize of the organic acids and immobility The research was conducted from October 2013 – March 2014 at the farmer main nursery in Riau province to test the effect of amelioration and phosphate solubilizing microbe inoculation on P availability on palm oil seedling growth and production at peatland, used Randomized Block Design with 30 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length, stem diameters, nutrient contents, also fresh and dry weight after 5 months at the main nursery. The result showed that palm oil empty fruit bunch compost as ameliorant increased P nutrient avaibility, P uptake, fresh and dry weight, whereas phosphate solubilizing microbe was unsignificant.

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Leaf Morphological Chara cteristics of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as Affected by Different Colored Plastic Mulch

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.3.1.04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edmar Franquera

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Philippines ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Romaine Lettuce ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

The University ◽

Leaf Lettuce

Looseleaf and Romaine lettuce were grown in a vegetable experimental station in the University of the Philippines Los Banos to determine the effect of the different colored plastic mulch on the leaf morphological characteristics of the two lettuce varieties. A split plot following the Randomized Completely Block Design was used. Results of the study showed that red plastic mulch exhibited better response in terms of the different leaf morphology of the leaf lettuce. Lettuce leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf fresh and dry weight were higher when grown with red plastic mulch compared with the other colored plastic mulch. The result of the study showed that the color of the mulch had significant effect on the leaf morphological characteristics of the leaf lettuce.

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DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP HASIL TANAMAN PADI DI KAWASAN DANAU SINGKARAK

Jurnal Agrium ◽

10.29103/agrium.v15i1.683 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Yummama Karmaita

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Rice Field ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Rice Genotypes

This study aims to: (a) see the results of several genotypes of rice crops grown on paddy fields with drought stress, (b) to obtain the type of paddy rice genotype in drought-affected paddy fields. This research was conducted in Simusan rice field, Rambatan sub-district, Tanah Datar district and Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, West Sumatra. This research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) method using 7 rice genotypes, 6 rice field genotypes and 1 genotype of upland rice as a comparison. If F value is greater than F table 5% it needs to be continued using Tukey test at 5%. The results revealed that in general, all the rice genotypes tested in showed good results on paddy fields that suffered drought stress, where all these genotypes showed a significantly different effect on the number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, the percentage of unpaid grain per panicle.

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Effect of Elephant Grass Genotypes to Bioenergy Production

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v38i130289 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Henrique Guimarães De Favare ◽

Joadil Gonçalves De Abreu ◽

Livia Vieira de Barros ◽

Felipe Gomes Da Silva ◽

Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Direct Combustion ◽

Randomized Block Design

The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes on energy production in the combustion form. A randomized block design with 3 repetitions was used. The treatments were arranged in subdivided plots scheme, considering as a plot the genotypes and as subplots, the harvest season. The agronomic characteristics plant height (H), leaf length (LL), leaf blade width (LBW), stem diameter (SD), tillers number (TN), stem percentage (SP), dry matter yield (DMY) were evaluated. The rainy season provided greater H to elephant grass genotypes with height above 3.5 m. The average SP obtained by the genotypes was 68.21% and 67.21% to the first and second year of cultivation, respectively, which gives the biomass good quality of burning. The rainy season provided greater DMY comparing to the dry season. In the first year of cultivation there were genotypes with annual dry matter yield (ADMY) above 50 ton ha-1 year-1, however, the non-maintenance of soil fertility promoted the reduction of 39.17% and 39.05% in the DMY and ADMY, respectively. Analyzing the agronomic characteristics, we conclude that the promising genotypes of elephant grass to produce energy in the form of direct combustion are CNPGL 91-25-1, Cubano Pinda, BRS Canará, Porto Rico and Mercker.

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Turfgrass Evaluation Under Artificial Shade in the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.520f ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 520F-521

Author(s):

Mark R. LeBlanc ◽

James N. McCrimmon

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Length ◽

The Sun ◽

Average Decrease ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Shade Cloth ◽

Stolon Length ◽

Total Dry Weight

Establishing and maintaining turfgrass in the shade is one of the most challenging problems facing turfgrass managers and home owners. A greenhouse study was initiated to determine the shade tolerance of centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack.], carpetgrass [Axonopus affinis Chase], and selected St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] cultivars (`Floratam', `FX-10', `Seville', and `TR 6-10'). Plants were grown under artificial shade (85% polypropylene shade cloth) and full sun. Actual percent shade (%shade={PAR under shade/PAR under sun}*100) was determined by measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under shade cloth and full sun adjacent to the shade structure using a quantum sensor. Pots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. All turfgrasses, except `TR 6-10', had a significant reduction in total dry weight in the shade compared to those in the sun. `TR 6-10' had the highest root, leaf, and total dry weight in the shade. `FX-10' had the lowest root, leaf, and total dry weight in the shade. Plants grown under the shade treatment compared to those in the sun resulted in an average decrease in stolon number of 13 and in total stolon length of 170 cm. In the shade, `Floratam' and `Seville' had the longest stolon internode lengths, while `Floratam' had the longest in the sun. There were significant differences for leaf length between the shade and sun treatments, except for carpetgrass and `FX-10'. `Floratam' and `FX-10' had differences in leaf width between the sun and shade.

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Kajian Agronomi Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Sorgum Varietas Numbu di Kabupaten Ende

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2021.17.1.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Murdaningsih Murdaningsih ◽

Adrianus F G Uran

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Cereal Crop ◽

Dry Land ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sorghum Variety ◽

Number Of Seeds

Sorghum is a cereal crop that has the potential to be developed on dry land as a food source, has the ability to adapt widely, and requires less agricultural inputs than other food crops. Ende Regency is an area that has a dry climate and is dominated by dry land agriculture, so it has the potential for the development of sorghum plants. The purpose of this study was to conduct an agronomic study of the development of Nambu sorghum variety with the application of chicken manure. The research was conducted using a randomized block design, with 5 treatments chicken manure doses, i.e. A0: 0 tons per ha (control), A1: 3.25 tons per ha, A2: 6.5 tons per ha, A3: 9.75 tons per ha, and A4: 13 tons per ha. The application of chicken manure of 13 tons per ha to sorghum plants resulted in growth and yield variables with the highest values, i.e., plant height 277.08 cm, leaf number 15.69 pieces, leaf area 8720.03 cm2, fresh stover weight base 354.69 g, dry stover weight 249.38 g, panicle length 20.54 g, panicle dry weight 24.63 g, number of seeds per panicle 1392.19 g, 1000 seeds weight 7.50 g. Keywords: Chicken manure, dry land, food, sorghum. ABSTRAK Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan pada lahan kering sebagai sumber pangan, memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi secara luas, serta membutuhkan input pertanian relatif lebih sedikit dibandingkan tanaman pangan lainnya. Kabupaten Ende merupakan daerah yang beriklim kering dan dengan dominasi pertanian lahan kering, sehingga berpotensi untuk pengembangan tanaman sorgum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan kajian agronomis pengembangan tanaman sorgum varietas Nambu dengan aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam. Penelitan dilakukan dengan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, dengan 5 perlakuan penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam, yakni A0: 0 ton per ha (kontrol), A1: 3,25 ton per ha, A2: 6,5 ton per ha, A3: 9,75 ton per ha, dan A4: 13 ton per ha. Aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam sebesar 13 ton per ha terhadap tanaman sorgum menghasilkan variabel-variabel pertumbuhan dan hasil dengan nilai-nilai tertinggi, yaitu tinggi tanaman 277,08 cm, jumlah daun 15,69 helai, luas daun 8720,03 cm2, bobot brangkasan basah 354,69 g, bobot brangkasan kering 249,38 g, panjang malai 20,54 g, bobot malai kering 24,63 g, jumlah biji per malai 1392,19 g, bobot 1000 biji 7,50 g. Kata Kunci: Lahan kering, pangan, pupuk kandang ayam, sorgum.

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