scholarly journals Influence of Gender on Some Red Cell Indices, L-Arginine and D-dimer in Malaria Parasite Severity amongst Children Resident in Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
S. O. Akwuebu ◽  
B. S. Mbeera ◽  
N. C. Ibeh ◽  
E. M. Eze ◽  
Z. A. Jeremiah
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of gender on malaria parasite severity in children resident in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: The study was cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria, between the month of March and August 2020. Methodology: A total of 822 pediatrics (0-16 years), were randomly selected for this study after due parental consent. 5ml of venous blood was collected from each subject: 1ml was dispensed into paediatric EDTA (for haematologic and parasite density) and 4 ml into sodium citrate bottle for L-arginine assay by ELISA-method, while Full blood count was determined using haematological auto-analyser, Mindray BC-6800. Malaria density was determined by microscopic method using thick and thin Giemsa stained blood smears. Level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: There was a significant decrease (p<.05) in the mean (41.04±3.80%) neutrophil count in female subject with complicated malaria compared with the control (42.81±0.98%) as against a significant decrease in mean (37.71±0.96%) neutrophil count of female subject with uncomplicated malaria. A significant decrease in neutrophil (28.05±3.37%) of male subjects with complicated malaria and uncomplicated malaria (36.10±0.79%) was seen when compared to control (44.32±0.88%). Again, a significant decrease (p<.05) in eosinophil count of female with complicated malaria (3.32±0.74%) was seen when compared with the control subject (3.81±0.19%) and no significant difference was seen in female subjects with uncomplicated malaria (3.62±0.19%) when compared with the control. A significant increase in eosinophil was seen in male subjects with complicated malaria (4.47±0.66%) and uncomplicated malaria (4.52±0.16%) when compared with the control (3.88±0.17%). There was observed a significant difference (p<.001) in the mean L-arginine values of female subjects with complicated (39.22±9.57pg/ml) and uncomplicated (65.13±2.41 pg/ml) malaria compared with the control (42.85±2.48 pg/ml). However, no significant difference was seen in male subjects with complicated (33.21±8.49) and uncomplicated (45.51±2.00 pg/ml) malaria when compared with control (47.97±2.21 pg/ml). Also, a significant difference (p<0.0019) was seen between the mean D2D values of female subjects with complicated (6436.64±568.94 pg/ml) and uncomplicated (2824.55±143.46 pg/ml) malaria among the study subjects as against the control (1866.39±147.35 pg/ml). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed a trend between gender and malaria type did not significantly change haematological parameters with the exception of the immune cells such as NEU, LYM, and EOS. However, a significant increase in L-arginine among female subjects was seen indicating a faster rate of malaria clearance.

THE EFFECT OF ALTERATION OF THYROXINE BINDING CAPACITY ON THE DIALYZABLE AND ABSOLUTE FRACTIONS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN CIRCULATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dussault ◽  
D. A. Fisher ◽  
J. T. Nicoloff ◽  
V. V. Row ◽  
R. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Serum Thyroxine ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

ABSTRACT In order to determine the effect of alterations in binding capacity of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) on triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism, studies were conducted in 10 patients with idiopathically low (7 subjects) or elevated (3 subjects) TBG levels and 10 subjects given norethandrolone (7 male subjects) or oestrogen (3 female subjects). Measurements of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration, maximal T4 binding capacity, serum T3 concentration and per cent dialyzable T3 were conducted. Serum T3 was measured both by chemical and radioimmunoassay methods. In patients with idiopathically low TBG, the mean serum T4 concentration was low (2.4 μg/100 ml), the mean serum T3 level low (55 ng/100 ml), the mean per cent dialyzable T3 increased (0.52%), and the calculated free T3 concentration normal (186 pg/100 ml). In patients with idiopathically high TBG levels the mean T4 concentration was high (10.3 μg/100 ml), the mean T3 level slightly elevated (127 ng/100 ml), the% dialyzable T3 low (0.10%) and the calculated free T3 concentration low normal (123 pg/100 ml). The correlation coefficient between the per cent dialyzable T3 and maximal TBG binding capacity in the 20 subjects was 0.68, a value significant at the P < 0.01 level. Thus, alterations in binding capacity of TBG seem to influence T3 and T4 metabolism similarly; the inverse relationship between the % of dialyzable hormone and total hormone concentration tends to keep the absolue levels of free hormones stable.

scholarly journals Hockey Concussion Education Project, Part 1. Susceptibility-weighted imaging study in male and female ice hockey players over a single season

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl G. Helmer ◽  
Ofer Pasternak ◽  
Eli Fredman ◽  
Ronny I. Preciado ◽  
Inga K. Koerte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Female Subjects

Object Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a commonly occurring sports-related injury, especially in contact sports such as hockey. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which appear as small, hypointense lesions on T2*-weighted images, can result from TBI. The authors use susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to automatically detect small hypointensities that may be subtle signs of chronic and acute damage due to both subconcussive and concussive injury. The goal was to investigate how the burden of these hypointensities changes over time, over a playing season, and postconcussion, in comparison with subjects who did not suffer a medically observed and diagnosed concussion. Methods Images were obtained in 45 university-level adult male and female ice hockey players before and after a single Canadian Interuniversity Sports season. In addition, 11 subjects (5 men and 6 women) underwent imaging at 72 hours, 2 weeks, and 2 months after concussion. To identify subtle changes in brain tissue and potential CMBs, nonvessel clusters of hypointensities on SWI were automatically identified, and a hypointensity burden index was calculated for all subjects at the beginning of the season (BOS), the end of the season (EOS), and at postconcussion time points (where applicable). Results A statistically significant increase in the hypointensity burden, relative to the BOS, was observed for male subjects with concussions at the 2-week postconcussion time point. A smaller, nonsignificant rise in the burden for female subjects with concussions was also observed within the same time period. There were no significant changes in burden for nonconcussed subjects of either sex between the BOS and EOS time points. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the burden between male and female subjects in the nonconcussed group at both the BOS and EOS time points, with males having a higher burden. Conclusions This method extends the utility of SWI from the enhancement and detection of larger (> 5 mm) CMBs, which are often observed in more severe cases of TBI, to cases involving smaller lesions in which visual detection of injury is difficult. The hypointensity burden metric proposed here shows statistically significant changes over time in the male subjects. A smaller, nonsignificant increase in the burden metric was observed in the female subjects.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MATURATION (CVM) STAGE AND ANTEROPOSTERIOR FACIAL DIMENSIONS IN INDONESIAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
MAHINDRA AWWALUDIN ROMDLON ◽  
Setiadi W Logamarta ◽  
Yulia Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
T Test ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: Growth and development are two different but interrelated and difficult to separate factors. The growth spurt in boys is different from girls. Facial growth is closely related to overall body growth, one of which is the growth of the cervical vertebrae. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the anteroposterior dimensions of the face based on the maturation levels of cervical vertebrae in 12-14 years old children. Method: Quantitative research using an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 21 boys and 21 girls. Measurement of anteroposterior facial length (S-A' and PTM-A) and assessment of cervical vertebral bone maturation level using the Hassel and Farman method. Results: Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.05) in facial length (S-A') between male and female subjects at all maturation levels of cervical vertebrae. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in facial length (S-A') based on the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae (CVMS) in male subjects. Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference in facial length (PTM-A) based on the maturation level of cervical vertebrae in female subjects (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was a difference in facial length (S-A ') between male and female subjects at all maturation levels of the cervical vertebrae. There is a difference in facial length (S-A') based on the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae (CVMS) in male subjects. There are differences in anteroposterior facial length (PTM-A) based on the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae in female subjects. There is a relationship between the maturation level of the cervical vertebrae with the anteroposterior dimensions of the face S-A' and PTM-A in male subjects.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Levels of Subclinical Malaria Infection and Haemolysis among Residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Evelyn Mgbeoma Eze ◽  
Serekara Gideon Christian ◽  
Victoria Samuel Jaja ◽  
Felix Eedee Konne
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Malaria Parasite Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the levels of subclinical malaria infection and haemolysis among the residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: A cross sectional study design was used. The subjects were grouped into males and females and comparisons were made between positive and negative subjects of the same gender and positive subjects of different gender. Place and Duration of Study: The study area was Opobo Town in Opobo/Nkoro Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study was carried out within August 2nd to August 26th, 2019 and a total of 89 apparently healthy subjects were recruited, 35 males and 54 females, aged between 16 – 70 years. Methodology: Malaria parasite identification was done by thick and thin film using Giemsa’s stain, packed cell volume was by microhaematocrit method, plasma haemoglobin concentration and whole blood haemoglobin concentration was determined by cyanmethaemoglobin method. Results: The result revealed a total of 24.72% positivity and 75.28% negativity for malaria parasite infection. Among the males, 17.14% positivity and 82.86% negativity for malaria parasite infection were observed while that of the females was 20.37% positivity and 79.63% negativity. In comparison of the studied parameters made between females infected with malaria parasites and those that were not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference at p<0.05 in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. In comparison of the studied parameters between males infected with malaria parasites and those not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. On gender based comparison, there was also no statistical significant difference in level haemolysis. Conclusion: The study has revealed a prevalence rate of 24.72% for subclinical malaria infection and the percentage haemolysis of red blood cells in malaria infected subjects residing in Opobo Town compared to subjects without malaria parasite was not statistically significant. Based on gender difference, males were affected more than females, but the level of red blood cell haemolysis was not statistically significant after comparison.

scholarly journals Is the ischiofemoral space value of Japanese hip joints equal to that of Western populations?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Mimura ◽  
Kanji Mori ◽  
Noriaki Okumura ◽  
Kosuke Kumagai ◽  
Tsutomu Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Population ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Western Population ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Male Cohort ◽  
Ischiofemoral Space ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Abstract Ischiofemoral space (IFS) is a radiological parameter employed for diagnosing ischiofemoral impingement (IFI). The mean IFS value measured with the leg in natural resting position has been reported as 23.0 mm in males and 18.6 mm in females in a patients-based Western population. The normal value of IFS for an Asian population is unknown. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether the IFS value in Japanese hip joints equals that of the Western population. We retrospectively examined 89 consecutive Japanese individuals (178 hips) (46 male subjects with 92 hips, 43 female subjects with 86 hips; mean age 58.7 ± 15.7 years, range 17–84 years) who had undergone computed tomography (CT) for conditions unrelated to hip disorders and ordered by other departments at our institution. All CT scans were performed in a standardized fashion: patient in a flat spine position, hips and knees in extension, and the leg in its natural resting position. IFS was evaluated on axial images as the shortest distance between the ischium and the lesser trochanter. The mean IFSs of this Japanese patient-based population were 20.5 ± 7.3 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.0–22.0] in the male cohort and 13.9 ± 6.5 mm (95% CI 12.6–15.3) in the female cohort. The IFS value was significantly smaller in female subjects than in male subjects. Taking the lower limit of 95% CI into consideration, the IFSs measured in natural leg-resting position in the Japanese male and female groups were significantly smaller than those of the Western populations.

scholarly journals Agreement analysis between critical power and intensity corresponding to 50% in cycling exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Mendes de Souza ◽  
Ricardo Dantas de Lucas ◽  
Paulo Cesar do Nascimento Salvador ◽  
Lucas Crescenti Abdalla Saad Helal ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Level Of Agreement

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p197 The purpose of this study was to determine the level of agreement between critical power (CP) and intensity corresponding to 50% of the difference (50% Δ) between oxygen uptake (VO2) at lactate threshold (LT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in untrained subjects during cycling exercise. Fifteen healthy male subjects (age: 26.0 ± 3.5 years; body weight: 76.6 ± 10.4 kg; height: 178.2 ± 7.6 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Each subject performed a series of tests to determine LT, VO2LT, CP, VO2CP, 50% Δ, VO250% Δ, and VO2max. The values of LT, VO2LT, CP, VO2CP, 50% Δ, VO250% Δ and VO2max were 109 ± 15 W, 1.84 ± 0.23 L.min-1, 207 ± 17 W, 2.78 ± 0.27 L.min-1, 206 ± 19 W, 2.77 ± 0.29 L.min-1, and 3.71 ± 0.49 L.min-1, respectively. No significant difference was found between CP and 50% Δ (t = 0.16; p = 0.87) or between VO2CP and VO250% Δ (t = 0.12; p = 0.90). However, the bias ± 95% limits of agreement for comparison between CP and 50% Δ and between VO2CP and VO250% Δ were 1 ± 27 W (0.3 ± 14.1%) and 0.01 ± 0.24 L.min-1 (0.2 ± 8.9%), respectively. In summary, the mean CP and 50% Δ values were not significantly different. However, considering the limits of agreement between the two intensities, CP estimated based on 50% Δ might result in a remarkable error when the absolute variability of individual differences is taken into account

Concentrations of ionic, total, and bound fluoride in plasma.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Singer ◽  
R H Ophaug
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ionic Fluoride ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

Abstract We found no significant difference between the means for ionic, bound, and total fluoride concentrations in the plasma of male and female subjects of the same age, living in a community with fluoridated water. When results for the 264 fasting subjects were therefore combined according to age, they indicated that persons over 60 years of age have a significantly higher mean ionic (3.89 mumol/L) and total (6.58 mumol/L) fluoride concentration in plasma than do younger age groups. For younger age groups, means ranged from 2.74 to 3.05 mumol/L for ionic fluoride and from 4.74 to 5.58 mumol/L for total. The bound fluoride concentration was lower in individuals 21 to 30 years of age (1.89 mumol/L) than in older age groups (for whom means ranged from 2.42 to 2.68 mumol/L), but was not significantly different from that of individuals who were younger (2.21 mumol/L). A tendency for the mean ionic fluoride concentration to increase with age was noted, but the concentration was significantly higher than the preceding decade group only in those persons over 60 years of age.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Lateral Ventricles of Brain by MRI in Healthy Adults in Northern Zone of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Shahin Sharmin ◽  
Akhtari Afroz ◽  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Syed Amanul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Imaging Department ◽  
Frontal Horn ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Background & Objective: The present study was done to provide information about the morphometric measurement of lateral ventricles of human brain in relation to age and sex in northern Bangladeshi people. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi over a period one year from July 2014 to June 2015. All patients attending at Radiology & Imaging Department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and at different private hospitals and clinics of Rajshahi city and had normal MRI scan of brain were the study population. A total of 60 individuals of both sexes and age ranging between 18-50 years were included in the study. Having obtained ethical clearance from the Ethical Committee and verbal consent from the patients, the data collection was commenced. Patients were asked to lie on the MRI table in supine position with head fixed and coil placed around the head. MRI was done with MRI machine (Airis II Hitachi 0.3 Tesla) and images were taken by T1WI, T2WI, STAIR, FLAIR. Images were taken from axial, sagittal and coronal planes with sequence slice thickness being 7 mm. From the images of axial slices, six proper slices were selected. Result: Age distribution of the subjects with respect to sex shows that nearly two-thirds (63.3%) of the female subjects were 30 or younger than 30 years old, whereas 50% of the male subjects were early middle-aged (p = 0.110). The mean lengths of frontal horn of right and left lateral ventricles in male subjects were significantly greater than those in female subjects (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001 respectively). Likewise, the right and left ventricular bodies in male subjects were significantly longer than those of their female counterparts (p = 0.033 and p = 0.012 respectively). The length of frontal horn of the lateral ventricles was found to increase with age up to 40 years in both right and left ventricles and then it began to decrease. The mean lengths of frontal horn of right and left lateral ventricles at ages ≤ 30, 31-40 and > 40 years were 27.25, 28.74 and 26.0 mm and 27.57, 28.93 and 27.19 mm respectively. While the three measures of length of frontal horn of right lateral ventricles were significantly heterogeneous (p = 0.049), the three measures of length of frontal horn of left lateral ventricles were not significantly different (p = 0.141).The mean lengths of body of right and left lateral ventricles at different ages were 40.40, 43.98, 45.11 mm and 41.06, 44.52 and 45.21 mm respectively (p = 0.001 andp = 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The present study concluded that the lateral ventricles vary in size within certain limit according to age, sex and laterality. All the parameters of lateral ventricles (lengths of frontal horn, length of ventricular body) were significantly larger in males than those in females. While the length of frontal horn of the lateral ventricles (of both sides) increases in size up to the age of 40 years and thereafter regresses, the length of ventricular body bears a linear relationship with age throughout life-span. Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 45-50

scholarly journals Analysis of Facial Height between Prepubertal and Postpubertal Subjects in Rivers State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
B. O. Akinbami ◽  
Mark Ikpeama
Keyword(s):  
Normal Growth ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Female Subjects

Background. Appropriate craniofacial growth is vital both for aesthesis and normal growth of the brain. Cranial indices and facial heights are relevant parameters that are useful for anthropometric analyses of the growth of the entire craniofacial skeletal complex. The aim of this study was to determine differences in facial heights between prepubertal and postpubertal subjects. Method. The study consists of four hundred subjects, two hundred males and two hundred females who were selected at random on the ages ranging 12–16 and 17–25 years and were categorized into prepubertal and postpubertal. The facial parameters that were measured were upper facial height, lower facial height, and posterior facial height. Result. There was no significant difference found in the upper facial height between prepubertal and postpubertal females (). Conclusion. This study has shown that facial parameters are sexually dimorphic between male and female subjects and that male facial dimension was significantly higher than that of females. Also, it has been established that prepubertal subjects had higher facial dimension compared to corresponding postpubertal subjects.

scholarly journals Monitoring Different Types of Resistance Training Using Session Rating of Perceived Exertion

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Favil Singh ◽  
Carl Foster ◽  
David Tod ◽  
Michael R. McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Familiarization Session

Purpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to measure effort during different types of resistance training.Method:Fifteen male subjects (age 26.7 ± 4.3 years) performed 3 protocols. All protocols consisted of same 5 exercises but with different intensities, rest periods, and numbers of repetitions. One-repetition maximum (1-RM) was defined as the maximal amount of weight that an individual could lift 1 time without support. The strength protocol included 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 90% of 1-RM with 3 minutes rest between. The hypertrophy session included 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% with 1 minute of rest, and the power session included 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 50% with 3 minutes of rest. Session RPE is a modification of the standard RPE scale. Session and standard RPE were measured after the completion of each set and 30 minutes postexercise, respectively.Results:Results showed a difference between both the 2 RPE values of the strength and hypertrophy protocols (P ≤ .05) but no difference between mean and session RPE values for the power protocol. During the familiarization session, session RPE was measured at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes postexercise. There was a significant difference (P ≤ .05) between the mean RPE values at the fifth and tenth minutes postexercise when compared with 30 minutes postexercise. All other session RPE values showed no significant difference.Conclusion:The session RPE method appears to be effective in monitoring different types of resistance training, and session RPE after 30 minutes was a better indicator of the overall resistance sessions than average RPE.

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