scholarly journals Links between Farmers’ Socio-demographics and Adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies in Hilly Terrains of Nandi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Joseph Kipkorir Cheruiyot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Smallholder farms in Kenya continue to suffer from crop-productivity declines due to loss of soil quality as a result of soil erosion among other factors. Low adoption of soil conservation technologies persists in spite of previous interventions. This study was conducted to investigate links between farmers’ socio-demographic factors and the adoption of soil conservation technologies. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Purposive and multi-stage random sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 150 farmers from six catchment areas of the hilly terrain of Tinderet in Nandi County, Kenya. A total of 138 participants were accessed. Questionnaires administered by enumerators were used to collect data. Data was analysed to generate descriptive statistics. Kendall-Stuart Tau-c and Goodman-Kruskal’s gamma were used to estimate correlations between socio-demographic factors and adoption. Age, Gender, duration of residence and farm size were not significantly associated with adoption (P > 0.05).Education levels, household size, level of awareness and income were positively associated with adoption (Gamma =.359, P = .034), (Gamma = .229, P = .088), (Gamma = .485, P = .000) and (Gamma = .282, P = .042) respectively. It is recommended that stakeholders address soil erosion problems through farmers’ capacity-building, particularly for low-income farmers.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Factors Assessment Affecting the Adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies on Rwenzori Mountain

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Nabalegwa Wambede Muhamud
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Conservation Technologies

This study analysed the role of socio-economic factors in influencing farmers’ adoption to soil conservation technologies in Bugoye Sub-county, Rwenzori Mountain. A cross sectional household survey design was used in this study, using systematic sampling to obtain 150 household samples. Qualitative analysis and chi-square tests were used to analyze these data. Results indicated that only 54% of the sampled households have adopted soil conservation, and revealed that eight of the nine factors significantly influenced farmers’ adoption, which are slope, farm size, farm distance from home, education level, family income, training, membership to NGOs, and credit accessibility. Only family size was insignificant. Other constraints are labour demands, cost of conservation work, land fragmentation, crop pests, and the limited agricultural extension services. It is recommended to perform training for farmers on designing soil conservation structures. Policies for empowering farmers with extra income are crucial to increase the adoption of soil conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Generic health literacy of adolescents in Germany: Results of a nationwide cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jordan ◽  
OM Domanska ◽  
AK Loer
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background For developing effective interventions to promote health literacy in adolescence, differentiated data on the distribution of health literacy levels is required, but still lacking for this age group in many countries. The study aims to measure the distribution of generic health literacy (GHL) among adolescents addressing cognitive, behavioural, communicative and motivational dimensions of GHL. Methods We conducted a representative nationwide cross-sectional online survey among 14-17-year-olds living in Germany (n = 1,235). Data on GHL were collected from 09.2019-12.2019 using the “Measurement of Health Literacy Among Adolescents”-Questionnaire (MOHLAA-Q). It was specially developed for this age-group and consists of a total of 29 items in four subscales: A: “Difficulties in Dealing with Health-Related Information”, B: “Health-Related Communication Skills”, C: “Attitudes toward One's Own Health & Health Information” and D: “Health-Related Knowledge”. We also collected data on socio-demographic factors. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out. Results About half of the 14-17-year-olds reported many (8.4%) or some difficulties (42.2%) in dealing with health information. We observed low communication-related skills in 28.1% of adolescents. Regarding the attitude towards their own health and health information, 56.8% of respondents had a rather “partly passive/partly active” attitude and 8.8% had a “passive” attitude. 22.7% of the adolescents had a low level of health-related knowledge. All socio-demographic factors apart from age showed significant differences in each of the scales: by family affluence in all scales, by gender and by educational level in 3 scales and by migration background in 1 scale. Conclusions The results indicate a need for promoting GHL among adolescents. The differences in the four scales suggest that all dimensions of GHL should be addressed, but also considering socio-demographic factors at the same time.

scholarly journals Physical and Social Demographic Factors Affecting Utilization of Pit Latrine in Tigania East, Meru County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Sylvia M. Nkatha ◽  
Eric M. Muchiri ◽  
Patrick Kubai ◽  
Jane Rutto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Social Demographic

Introduction: Globally, poor sanitation is the cause of childhood diseases. Annually, more than 19,500 people die from diarrhea of which 17,100 are children. Diarrhea, which accounts for 16% of deaths among the children below 5 years, is highly linked to open defecation (OD). Poor excreta disposal remains a major challenge to improved sanitation and hygiene in many communities of Kenya and therefore they continue to practice open defecation. Construction and utilization of a latrine at home is a protective factor for communicable diseases.  About 52% of the population practice proper utilization of latrine in low-income countries. Improper utilization of latrines leads to the contamination of the water sources. Availability of a pit latrine does not guarantee utilization because other factors like functionality and distance influence its use. Furthermore, the availability and use of the latrine depends on maintenance practices of the latrines and cleanliness as well as the quality of housing and household compound. Aims: To analyze the physical and social demographic factors influencing the utilization of pit latrines in Tigania East Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya. Study Design:  The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Tigania East Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya shown in Fig. 3. Household survey was carried out between June 2018 and December 2019. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 369 respondents selected by systematic random sampling from different households across the sub-county was utilized. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire administered in English and a spot observation checklist. All data generated was entered, validated and analyzed using SPSS using SPSS Software Version 23.  Descriptive analysis was done during the calculation of measures of central tendency and proportions. Regression analysis was used in the determination of any association between the socio-demographic factors and the utilization of latrines. Results: Ownership, location and functionality of the pit latrine were positively associated with utilization (OR=2.127, OR=1.53, OR=4.36, P=.00). Households that owned pit latrines were 2 times likely to utilize the pit latrines than those without a pit latrine. Moreover, household size, gender, and employment were positively related to utilization (R=0.502, P=.00). High construction costs challenges were 7 times linked to open defecation practices. Households with less than 6 members were 2.35 times more likely to utilize the pit latrine compared to those with 7-12 members (OR=2.35, X²=13.573, P=.00). Conclusion: Interventions should target households with more than 7 members. A call for partnerships between government and donors to improve household income, water sources, and sanitation practices in Tigania East Sub-County is necessary. A call for funding projects related to pour-flush pit latrines and wet technologies to enhance utilization.

THE PREVALENCE OF, AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN BOTSWANA

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOBOPAMANG LETAMO
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Multistage Sampling

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and socio-demographic factors associated with, overweight and obesity in Botswana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2007 using a multistage sampling method to select a representative sample of 4107 men and 4916 women aged 20–49 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity. Mean BMI values for men and women were 21.7 kg/m2 and 24.4 kg/m2, respectively. Both overweight and obesity levels were higher among women than men. Overall, 23% of women were overweight compared with 13% of men. Obese women constituted about 15% compared with only 3% of men. However, 19% of men were underweight compared with 12% of women. The main socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity were being older, living in a city/town, being married and having attained higher levels of education, and these relationships were statistically significant at the 5% level. Although over-nutrition is prevalent among adult female Batswana, underweight remains an important public health problem for males. Programmes and other interventions aimed at concurrently addressing both under-nutrition and overweight need to be developed.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Knowledge on Soil Conservation Technologies, Associated Farm and Farmers’ Attributes in Hilly Farms of Nandi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Joseph Kipkorir Cheruiyot
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Soil erosion is an issue of global concern due to its effects on the natural resource base in which agriculture is based on. In Kenya, low utilisation of soil conservation technologies (SCTs) has been blamed for continued land degradation. A study was designed to examine association of selected farmers’ and farm attributes with knowledge on SCTs using an ex post facto survey design. A sample of 138 farmers was accessed in the hilly terrains of Nandi County, Kenya through a multi-stage sampling technique. The study was based on the trans-theoretical model and its stages of change, with a focus on its initial stages. Data was questionnaire-based and the data was analysed for associations using Gamma and Sommers’ delta. Kruskal-wallis (KW) test was utilised to test for differences between groups. Post hoc tests are based on Bonferroni correction. Results indicate that there was significant influence of formal education levels, gender, duration of residence and farmers income levels on knowledge in SCTs. Significant KW test results on differences in knowledge levels on SCTs were; Education, H (2) = 9.359, P= 0.009; Age, H (3) = 9.938, P=.019; Gender, H (1) = 3.429, P = .064; duration in current farm, H (2) = 6.122, P = .047 and income levels, H (2) = 8.710, P = 0.013. There were no significant differences based on household size, farm gradient and farm size. Information literacy on SCTs was low among lowly-educated and low-income categories. Deliberate investments in soil conservation measures targeting these categories are recommended. An in-depth study on the underlying causes for the face-value association is recommended.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Adherence to Lockdown Measures in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choolwe Muzyamba ◽  
Ogylive Makova ◽  
Geofrey Mushibi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Adherence Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Abstract Background While the debate regarding the usefulness of the lockdown goes on in research, it has been highlighted that this debate is pointless unless studies demonstrate to what extent people are actually abiding by the lockdown. Studies on factors associated with adherence of COVID-19-related lockdowns have largely been conducted in western countries. However, similar studies are still lacking in low income countries like Uganda. This study fills this gap by investigating factors associated with adherence to lockdown in Uganda. Methods A qualitative cross sectional survey was conducted online via the AfriSight platform with a sample size of 1249. These participants were selected randomly from all across Uganda. The data was analyzed descriptively and for inferential statistics we analyzed the data using probit regression. This allowed us to investigate the various motivations, socioeconomic, and demographic factors that help predict adherence or lack thereof to lockdown measures. Based on this probit analysis, we further generated marginal effects to ascertain the probabilities of adhering to lockdown. Results Our study reports the complexity that characterizes adherence to the lockdown in Uganda. Various socioeconomic and demographic factors particularly, age, gender, size of household, religion, income level, and employment status all seem to uniquely interact in shaping adherence behavior. Conclusion This study demonstrates that any lockdown-related efforts to minimize the spread of COVID-19 must pay attention to how these factors playout in the context of Uganda. Whereas most of the factors observed can more easily be handled in wealthier countries which provide social benefits during lockdowns, Uganda must rethink the uncritical adoption of such measures without localizing them. There is a need for Uganda to invest in a COVID-19 response that is alive to local context and reality, and one which commands wide support and adherence.

Public perception of mental illness in Oman: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S511-S511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al Alawi ◽  
H. Al Sinawi ◽  
S. AL-Adawi ◽  
L. Jeyaseelan ◽  
S. MurthiP
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionStigma toward mental illness is an international phenomena and it has negative consequences on the patients and their families. Studies on public attitudes toward people with mental illness (PWMI) in the Arab world initially reported less prevalence of stigma compared to other societies; however, follow up studies showed that stigma was influenced by specific socio-cultural factors.AimsThis study aims to examine public attitudes toward people with mental illness in Oman and the impact of socio-demographic factors.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey conducted among the general public in Oman. The attitude was measured via the Attitude toward Mental Illness (AMI) questionnaire. Various demographic factors were examined including age, place of residence, occupation and previous encounter with PWMI. The data were collected using online research methods.ResultsA total of 601 subjects participated in this study, (M: 41.4%, F: 58.6%). 48% of the participants were aged 15–30 years while 46% were aged 31–45 years. The majority of the participants were employed and 10% were students. After adjusting for all other variables, subjects aged (15–30years) had less positive attitude compared to those aged (46–60 years) (P = 0.06). Socio-demographic factors such as gender, occupation and previous contact were correlated with the endorsement of positive attitudes toward PWMI.ConclusionThis study illustrated that public attitudes toward PWMI in Oman is generally sub-optimal. The observed attitudes were strongly influenced by age, gender, occupation and previous exposure to PWMI. Future studies with robust methodology are recommended to scrutinize the present findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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