scholarly journals Farmers’ Knowledge on Soil Conservation Technologies, Associated Farm and Farmers’ Attributes in Hilly Farms of Nandi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Joseph Kipkorir Cheruiyot
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Soil erosion is an issue of global concern due to its effects on the natural resource base in which agriculture is based on. In Kenya, low utilisation of soil conservation technologies (SCTs) has been blamed for continued land degradation. A study was designed to examine association of selected farmers’ and farm attributes with knowledge on SCTs using an ex post facto survey design. A sample of 138 farmers was accessed in the hilly terrains of Nandi County, Kenya through a multi-stage sampling technique. The study was based on the trans-theoretical model and its stages of change, with a focus on its initial stages. Data was questionnaire-based and the data was analysed for associations using Gamma and Sommers’ delta. Kruskal-wallis (KW) test was utilised to test for differences between groups. Post hoc tests are based on Bonferroni correction. Results indicate that there was significant influence of formal education levels, gender, duration of residence and farmers income levels on knowledge in SCTs. Significant KW test results on differences in knowledge levels on SCTs were; Education, H (2) = 9.359, P= 0.009; Age, H (3) = 9.938, P=.019; Gender, H (1) = 3.429, P = .064; duration in current farm, H (2) = 6.122, P = .047 and income levels, H (2) = 8.710, P = 0.013. There were no significant differences based on household size, farm gradient and farm size. Information literacy on SCTs was low among lowly-educated and low-income categories. Deliberate investments in soil conservation measures targeting these categories are recommended. An in-depth study on the underlying causes for the face-value association is recommended.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Factors Assessment Affecting the Adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies on Rwenzori Mountain

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Nabalegwa Wambede Muhamud
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Conservation Technologies

This study analysed the role of socio-economic factors in influencing farmers’ adoption to soil conservation technologies in Bugoye Sub-county, Rwenzori Mountain. A cross sectional household survey design was used in this study, using systematic sampling to obtain 150 household samples. Qualitative analysis and chi-square tests were used to analyze these data. Results indicated that only 54% of the sampled households have adopted soil conservation, and revealed that eight of the nine factors significantly influenced farmers’ adoption, which are slope, farm size, farm distance from home, education level, family income, training, membership to NGOs, and credit accessibility. Only family size was insignificant. Other constraints are labour demands, cost of conservation work, land fragmentation, crop pests, and the limited agricultural extension services. It is recommended to perform training for farmers on designing soil conservation structures. Policies for empowering farmers with extra income are crucial to increase the adoption of soil conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Links between Farmers’ Socio-demographics and Adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies in Hilly Terrains of Nandi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Joseph Kipkorir Cheruiyot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Smallholder farms in Kenya continue to suffer from crop-productivity declines due to loss of soil quality as a result of soil erosion among other factors. Low adoption of soil conservation technologies persists in spite of previous interventions. This study was conducted to investigate links between farmers’ socio-demographic factors and the adoption of soil conservation technologies. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Purposive and multi-stage random sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 150 farmers from six catchment areas of the hilly terrain of Tinderet in Nandi County, Kenya. A total of 138 participants were accessed. Questionnaires administered by enumerators were used to collect data. Data was analysed to generate descriptive statistics. Kendall-Stuart Tau-c and Goodman-Kruskal’s gamma were used to estimate correlations between socio-demographic factors and adoption. Age, Gender, duration of residence and farm size were not significantly associated with adoption (P > 0.05).Education levels, household size, level of awareness and income were positively associated with adoption (Gamma =.359, P = .034), (Gamma = .229, P = .088), (Gamma = .485, P = .000) and (Gamma = .282, P = .042) respectively. It is recommended that stakeholders address soil erosion problems through farmers’ capacity-building, particularly for low-income farmers.

scholarly journals Agropastoral Mobility and Rangelands Multiple Uses in the Miombo Frontier Ecozone of Tabora Region, Western Tanzania

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
George Felix Masanja
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
High Data ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Multistage Sampling

This study aimed to examine the argument of environmental resource-use conflict as the primary cause of crop farmers and agropastoralists conflicts in Tabora Region, Tanzania. It explored the multiple interdependent phenomena that affect livelihoods relationships between crop farmers and agropastoralists and the nature of their continuing conflicts over the ecozonal resources. A primary dataset of the two groups’ conflicts was used. An ex post facto and multistage sampling design was adopted. A total of 252 respondents were interviewed in three separate villages drawn from agroecological zones fringing the miombo woodland where such tensions are high. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results indicate that education (β = −1.215, .297; p=.050), household size (β=.958, 2.607; p=.017), herd size (β = 4.276, 7.197; p=0.001), farm size (β = -1.734, .048; p=.176), the police (β = -.912, 4.582; p=.043), and village leaders (β = -.122, .885; p=.012) were the most potent predictors of causes of conflicts. The study found no support for demographic variables, like age, sex, marital status, income, duration of residence, and distance to resource base. The study recommends population growth control and strengthening of local institutions and recommends local communities to sustain management of natural resources base in the area.

scholarly journals Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and Attitudes towards Its Integration into Teaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Ukeme Ekpedeme Umoh ◽  
Etuk Nssien Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The University

<p class="apa">The study examined ‘Students’ Involvement in Social Networking and attitudes towards its Integration into Teaching. The study was carried out in the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 17,618 undergraduate students enrolled into full time degree programmes in the University of Uyo for 2014/2015 academic session. The design of the study was survey design with ex-post facto approach. Random sampling technique was used to select 1730 students from the 12 faculties in the University. The instrument used for the study was ‘Students’ Social Networking and Attitude Questionnaire which was validated by an expert in curriculum studies and an expert in measurement and evaluation in the University of Uyo. Cronbach’s Alpha Statistical method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of .70 for the instrument. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer research questions; Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that there is significant difference in involvement of university undergraduate students in Social Networking based on course of study, level (year) of study and age. Female undergraduate students’ involvement in social networking is higher than that of their male counterparts; but male undergraduate students showed a higher positive attitude towards integration of social networking into teaching and learning.</p>

scholarly journals Fostering the Teaching of English Language in Nigeria Primary Schools: the Need for Teachers’ Continuous Professional Development and Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Obateru, Oluwatoyin Tolu
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Reliability Coefficient ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
And Training

This article highlights how English language teachers professional development and training programmes fosters teachers’ professional competences in the teaching of the subject. English Language is vital in developing communication and social skills in learners as it does empower learners to compete favorably with their peers around the world. The ex-post factor approach of the survey design was adopted in the study. A random sampling technique was used to select twenty primary schools in Oyo state, Nigeria, with 168 English teachers who were currently undergoing the SUBEB/UBEC teacher professional development programme (2018). Two instruments: Teacher Teaching Competence Scale (TTCS) with Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.68 and the Teachers Checklist Observation Scale (TCOS) with Scott Pi reliability coefficient of 0.71 were used for data collection. The data collection lasted for a period of fourteen weeks. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that teacher’ attendance and exposure to a professional development and training programme; does enhance their professional teaching competences. It is therefore expedient that stakeholders in the education sector; especially governmental agencies, sponsor and encourage practicing primary teachers in attending and participating in professional development programmes; incentives should also be given to these teachers. This will go a long way at ensuring that these teachers look forward to attending such programmes at any time in the future

scholarly journals SELF-ESTEEM AND PEER INFLUENCE AS PREDICTORS OF LEARNING OUTCOMES IN MATHEMATICS AMONG HIGH ABILITY STUDENTS IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Olufemi Aremu Fakolade ◽  
Oloruntoba Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
School Counsellors ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Joint Contribution

Academic underachievement has become a syndrome especially among high ability learners in Mathematics. This is due to some identified factors which include self-esteem and peer influence of the high ability learners. This study therefore investigated how self-esteem and peer influence can predict the learning outcomes in Mathematics of high ability learners in Ibadan, Oyo State. The survey design of the ex-post facto type was employed in this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select twenty (20) secondary school out of which 200 high ability learners were randomly selected. Instruments used: Slosson intelligence test (r=0.81); Peer influence inventory (r=0.72); Self-esteem scale (r=0.72) and Mathematics achievement test (r=0.85). The study lasted for eight weeks. Data were analysed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis at 0.05 level of significance. There were positive relationship between learning outcomes in Mathematics with self-esteem (r=2.3); peer influence (r=2.2). There was a significant joint contribution of the independent variables to the dependent variable of learning outcomes in Mathematics. [F(2,197)=7.64; R2=0.072] accounting for 6.3% of its variance. Self-esteem (β=2.6; t=2.176) and peer influence (β=1.6; t=2.114) had a relative contribution on the learning outcomes in Mathematics of highly ability learners. Thus, self-esteem and peer influence were found to be effective predictors of learning outcomes in mathematics of high ability learners. It is therefore recommended that self-esteem of the high ability learners needs to be enhanced through various programmes especially by the school counsellors. Also, parents and wards should support their children by advising them on the type of friends they keep. With this in place, the high ability learners will perform better in Mathematics.

Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in the Kassena-Nankana West District of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
William Agia Adongo ◽  
Collins Kwabena Osei ◽  
Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Nontimber Forest Products ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Poor Households

Abstract The contribution of income from nontimber forest products (NTFPs) to rural livelihoods and household income has received global recognition. However, there are growing concerns of overexploitation of NTFPs driven by poverty and policy neglect that threaten the sustainability of the NTFP resource base in Kassena-Nankana West District (KNWD) of Ghana. The study investigated the contribution of income from NTFPs to household income and socioeconomic factors that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs in KNWD. Using a multistage sampling technique, quantitative data were collected from 375 households through structured survey questionnaires. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Results showed that income from NTFPs forms a significant part of household income with a contribution of 32.69 percent to household income. Regression analysis revealed sex of respondent (P = 0.057), household size (P = 0.046), agricultural land size (P = 0.000), NTFP retailers (P = 0.000), NTFP wholesalers (P = 0.000), and value-added NTFPs (P = 0.000) as significantly and positively correlated with income from NTFPs. Results further indicated that poor households depend primarily on NTFPs in order to achieve their subsistence and income needs compared to high-income households. This research recommends that stakeholders and policymakers consider the needs of forest-dependent communities in policy analysis on NTFP conservation measures. Also, the role of households, especially the low income (poor), in the management of forest resources should be spelled out since they depend primarily on NTFPs to meet their subsistence and income needs.

scholarly journals Future accessibility impacts of transport policy scenarios: equity and sensitivity to travel time thresholds for Bus Rapid Transit expansion in Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique Moreas Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Partial Operation ◽  
Time Threshold ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Policy Scenarios

The accessibility impacts of transport projects ex-post implementation are generally evaluated using cumulative opportunity measures based on a single travel time threshold. Fewer studies have explored how accessibility appraisal of transport plans can be used to evaluate policy scenarios and their impacts for different social groups or examined whether the results of project appraisals are sensitive to the time threshold of choice. This paper analyzes how different scenarios of full and partial implementation of the TransBrasil BRT project in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) will likely impact the number of jobs accessible to the population of different income levels. The analysis is conducted under various travel time thresholds of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes to test whether the results are sensitive to the boundary effect of the modifiable temporal unit problem (MTUP). Compared to a partial operation scenario, the full implementation of TransBrasil that extends this corridor into the city center would lead to higher accessibility gains due to network effects of connecting this BRT to other transport modes. Nonetheless, the size of the accessibility impacts of the proposed BRT as well as its distribution across income classes would significantly change depending on the time threshold chosen for the accessibility analysis. Considering cut-off times of 30 or 60 minutes, both scenarios of TransBrasil would lead to higher accessibility impacts in general and particularly for low-income groups, moving Rio towards a more equitable transportation system. However, under longer thresholds of 90 and 120 minutes, an evaluation of this project would find much smaller accessibility gains more evenly distributed by income levels. The paper highlights how time threshold choice in cumulative opportunity measures can have important but overlooked implications for policy evaluation and it calls for further research on the MTUP in future transport and mobility studies.

scholarly journals Adoption of Water Conservation Technologies among Small Scale Farmers in Lwengo District – Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Nabalegwa Muhamud Wambede ◽  
Joyfred Asaba ◽  
Othieno Esther Ebifa ◽  
Nabatta Claire
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Conservation Technologies

This study identified and characterised the dominant water conservation technologies (WCT) employed by small scale farmers in Malongo and Kyazanga sub-counties in Lwengo district. It employed a cross sectional household survey design, using systematic sampling to obtain 380 household samples. A quantitative analysis, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Logit regression model were used to analyse these data to identify and characterise the dominant WCT and establish the most significant factor affecting the adoption of the technologies. Results indicated that mulching was the most dominant WCT employed, followed by Valley dams/reservoirs, terracing, tied ridges, deep tillage and infiltration pits. The Logit model indicated that out of seven factors, five had a significant positive influence namely: access to credit (1.3); farm slope location (0.7); farm size (0.4); access to agricultural inputs and investment subsidies (0.4); and level of income (0.2). One factor had a significant negative influence (engagement in other economic activities/off-farm employment activities) and only one was found to be insignificant (access to market). It is recommended that the significant water conservation techniques be upscaled, and that emphasis also be placed on the most significant factors in order to strengthen the adoption of water conservation in the area.

Examining the Home Factors that Influence Performance in KCSE in Secondary Schools in Mbeere North Sub-County of Embu County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Magdalene Wanjiru Njagi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study was to identify the home factors that influence performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)  in secondary schools in Mbeere North Sub-county. A survey design was used to conduct this study.  The study was carried out in Mbeere North Sub-county, which is one of the divisions of Mbeere north Sub County. Mbeere North Sub-county has 4 locations. The target population was all private and public secondary schools in Mbeere north Sub County containing an estimated population of 2002 students, 113 teachers and 12 headteachers. Samples from the government schools in Mbeere North Sub-county were selected using stratified sampling technique. Purposive sampling to select the headteachers and teachers was used. The use of systematic sampling was employed; therefore, ten per cent (10%) of the target student population was incorporated in the sample of the population. A pilot study was conducted in one of the secondary schools but not included in the sample. Data was collected on variables such as parents' occupation, parents' commitment to students' learning, among others. Descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequency distribution were used in the presentation of the data. There was found to be a positive correlation between various home factors such as absenteeism, miraa farming and parental occupation and academic achievement.  The findings from this study also suggest that students who performed dismally in KCSE examinations also were from homes where parents had low-income occupations (peasants). The study recommended that strict discipline should be instilled in students, while the community is sensitized concerning drug use and abuse.

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