scholarly journals Species Diversity of Arthropods Founds in Refuse Dumpsites in Ifite Awka, Anambra State and Its Public Health Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
N. P. Udeh ◽  
I. S. Ude ◽  
C. Obudulu ◽  
O. A. Okeke ◽  
C. C. Egwuagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
Junction Site ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Refuse Dumps ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
A Site ◽  
Proper Disposal

A survey of some refuse dumpsites in Ifite, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria State were carried out for 5 weeks to determine the arthropod vectors associated with those refuse dumps and their relative abundance per site and species diversity. Five refuse dumpsites were randomly selected based on their composition and human activities within the environment. The sampled sites are Commissioners Quarters (site A), Second Market (site B), Miracle Junction (site C), Star-Lodge Junction (site D) and Wintess Hotel (site E). Fourteen species of arthropods were collected in eight orders and eleven families namely; Muscidae, Culicidae, Blattidae, Calliphoridae, Formicidae, Elateridae, Xystodesmidae, Polydesmidae, Acrididae, Lygaeidae and Selonopidae. The most abundant vector species encountered in all five study sites was Musca domestica, the dominant species, followed by Aedes. spp., and P. americana which occurred in all study sites except site A. Site A, M. domestica 12 (38.71%), followed by A. aegypti 6 (19.35%), site B, M. domestica 15 (25.42%), followed by A. aegypti 12 (20.34%) and P. Americana 10 (16.95%), site C, M. domestica 17 (28.89%), followed by A. aegypti 7 (15.56%) and P. Americana 5 (11.11%), site D, M. domestica 17 (27.42%), followed by A. aegypti 11 (17.74%) and P. americana 7 (11.29%), site E, M. domestica 30 (32.26%), followed by A. spp.,17 (18.28%) and P. Americana 16 (17.20%).The abundance of these vectors suggests the prevalence of arthropod vector borne disease in Ifite, Awka environment. Proper disposal of refuse dumps and public enlightenment on the dangers of indiscriminate dumping of refuse to the general public is highly recommended to avert health and environmental problems associated with these arthropod vectors.

scholarly journals Survey of Insect Vectors in Some Selected Dumpsites in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria, Western Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
E. Abba ◽  
M. Amina ◽  
Y. Lamogo ◽  
A. Rejoice ◽  
A. Jemimah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Refuse Dumps ◽  
Electronic Parts ◽  
The City ◽  
Proper Disposal

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the insect vectors living in refuse dumps at Gombe Metropolis in Gombe State of Nigeria. Study Design: The metropolis were divided into four longitudinal zones, and in each zone three dumpsites were randomly selected. Visual observations were used to estimate the composition of the refuse dumps. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Gombe metropolis of Gombe state between the months of May and August, 2018.  Methodology: Sweep nets, sticky traps, water traps and handpicking were used to collect different vector species. Specimen collected were preserved and transported to the laboratory for identification. Standard Identification keys were used for the identification of the vectors.   Results: The compositions of the refuse dumps varied from vegetable matter and animal remains to assorted materials including used tyres, electronic parts, cartons, faecal matter, broken bottles, polythene bags. A total of 464 insect vectors belonging to 9 species were collected. Musca domestica 282(60.8%) was the dominant species, followed by Anopheles spp 55(11.9%) and Aedes species 44(9.4%). Periplaneta americana accounts 37(8.0%) of the collections. Conclusion: The thriving population of these vector species and the abundance of putrefying refuse dumps are risk factors of the endemic diseases transmitted by such vectors in the city. The present work therefore recommends the proper disposal of refuses to avert an epidemic status.

scholarly journals Wolbachia prevalence in the vector species Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium in a Sindbis virus-endemic region of Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bergman ◽  
Jenny C. Hesson
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Wolbachia pipientis are endosymbiotic bacteria present in a large proportion of terrestrial arthropods. The species is known to sometimes affect the ability of its host to transmit vector-borne pathogens. Central Sweden is endemic for Sindbis virus (SINV), where it is mainly transmitted by the vector species Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium, with the latter established as the main vector. In this study we investigated the Wolbachia prevalence in these two vector species in a region highly endemic for SINV. Methods Culex mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps baited with carbon dioxide over 9 years at 50 collection sites across the River Dalälven floodplains in central Sweden. Mosquito genus was determined morphologically, while a molecular method was used for reliable species determination. The presence of Wolbachia was determined through PCR using general primers targeting the wsp gene and sequencing of selected samples. Results In total, 676 Cx. pipiens and 293 Cx. torrentium were tested for Wolbachia. The prevalence of Wolbachia in Cx. pipiens was 97% (95% CI 94.8–97.6%), while only 0.7% (95% CI 0.19–2.45%) in Cx. torrentium. The two Cx. torrentium mosquitoes that were infected with Wolbachia carried different types of the bacteria. Conclusions The main vector of SINV in the investigated endemic region, Cx. torrentium, was seldom infected with Wolbachia, while it was highly prevalent in the secondary vector, Cx. pipiens. The presence of Wolbachia could potentially have an impact on the vector competence of these two species. Furthermore, the detection of Wolbachia in Cx. torrentium could indicate horizontal transmission of the endosymbiont between arthropods of different species. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals ANALISIS VEGETASI DI PULAU BINTAN, KEPULAUAN RIAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Arief Pratama ◽  
Edi Mirmanto
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Riau Archipelago ◽  
Common Tree

Ecological study with special attention to vegetation analysis has been done in the Bintan forest area, Riau Archipelago. Based on three sampling plots of 30 × 30 m, there were 73 tree (dbh ≥ 5 cm) species were recorded, belong to 64 genera and 32 families. The density is fairly high (1,485 individuals /ha) with total basal area relatively low (27.71 m2/ha).  Its indicates that most of trees are small size. Similarity index among study sites are relatively low (< 25 %), indicates that there is strong relation between habitat and species composition. Out of the 6 most common tree species in the study area, only Dipterocarpus gracillis was dominant in 2 study sites. Overall species diversity is relatively low, which is characteristic of forest vegetation on small islands. 

scholarly journals Colony Choice in Cliff Swallows: Effects of Heterogeneity in Foraging Habitat

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Brown ◽  
Christine M. Sas ◽  
Mary Bomberger Brown
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Foraging Range ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
Site Use ◽  
A Site

Abstract One potential determinant of colony size in birds is the local availability of food near a nesting site. Insectivorous Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in southwestern Nebraska nest in colonies ranging from 2 to over 3,000 nests, but they feed on so many kinds of insects that direct sampling of food resources is impractical. Instead, we investigated the degree to which swallow colony size was correlated with the extent of different habitat types, land use diversity, and plant species diversity in the colony's foraging range, and used those parameters as indices of potential variation among sites in food availability. Amount of flowing and standing water in the foraging range was a significant predictor of mean colony size across years at a site, with larger colonies associated with more water. The same result held for most years when analyzed separately. The extent of flowing water in the foraging range also was a significant predictor of the frequency with which a site was occupied across years. In addition, univariate tests suggested that the amount of cultivated cropland in the foraging range varied inversely with colony size. Land use diversity, as measured by Simpson's index, increased significantly with colony size, and all of the sites with perennially very large colonies (mean colony size >1,000 nests) were associated with foraging ranges of relatively high land use diversity. Repeatability of colony size across years differed significantly from zero across all sites, but repeatabilities were significantly lower (colony sizes less similar between years) for sites situated in low-diversity habitats and for sites used less often. There was no strong effect of plant species diversity within the foraging range on either colony size at a site or likelihood of site use. We conclude that land use diversity per se (and possibly the extent of water near a site) might influence insect distribution and constrain formation of the larger colonies to certain sites. These findings emphasize that colony choice in Cliff Swallows is complex, reflecting both the socially mediated costs and benefits of group size that vary among individuals and the effects of habitat heterogeneity that may influence food availability at some sites.

scholarly journals Diversity of Wild Bees along Elevational Gradient in an Agricultural Area in Central Java, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Widhiono ◽  
Eming Sudiana ◽  
Darsono Darsono
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Study Sites

Increases in mean temperature affect the diversity and abundance of wild bees in agricultural ecosystems. Pollinator community composition is expected to change along an elevational gradient due to differences in the daily ambient temperature. This study investigated the diversity and abundance of wild bees in an agricultural area along an elevational gradient in Central Java, Indonesia. Wild bees were collected using a sweep net in 40 green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivation sampling locations at seven different elevations (8, 108, 224, 424, 644, 893, and 1017 m above sea level). Species diversity was determined using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. We identified 932 individuals from 8 species of wild bee belonging to 3 families. The family Apidae was predominant, with 6 species, while only 1 species was found from each of Megachilidae and Halictidae. Across the study sites, diversity increased with increasing elevation (H′= 1.4,D= 0.25, andE= 0.78 at low elevation toH′= 2.04,D= 0.13, andE= 0.96 at high elevation), and higher numbers of species were found at middle and high elevations. Species richness and abundance increased linearly with increasing elevation, and species diversity was highest at middle elevations.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Dataran Tinggi dan Dataran Rendah terhadap Keberagaman Spesies Anopheles spp. di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Mutiara Widawati ◽  
Made Agus Nurjana ◽  
Rika Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anopheles Vagus

Ecological studies on the vector species diversity usually focused on particular habitats and not a comparative study. Therefore, a research has been carried out to see the variation from one of many aspects which affects the condition of a habitat such as altitude. This study aimed to determine the Anopheles spp. species diversity between highland and lowland captured in the research of Vektora 2015-2016 in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study is a further analysis of Vektora Research Data from 2015 to 2016 in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The population in this study is the whole Anopheles spp. in East Nusa Tenggara Province from 2015-2016. The sample is Anopheles species caught on Vektora. The variables used in this study are categorical variables of highland or lowland, Anopheles species and dominance index. This study results indicate that there is a significant difference in the number of Anopheles obtained per species between the lowlands and the highlands. The number of Anopheles found in the lowland is higher than in the highland. The lowland have more Anopheles species variation compare to the highland. Anopheles annularis is the most commonly Anopheles found in the lowlands whereas Anopheles vagus is the most commonly Anopheles found in the highlands.

scholarly journals Species diversity and breeding site of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Macaca fascicularis breeding area

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
D Novianto ◽  
U K Hadi ◽  
S Soviana ◽  
Supriyono ◽  
H S Darusman
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Mosquito larvae play an essential role in the ecological, and many of them can spread human and animal diseases, including in Macaca fascicularis. Information on mosquito species and their habitats can provide an overview of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of vector-borne diseases in M. fascicularis captivity area. This study aimed to identify species diversity of mosquito larvae, species affinity and association, and the larval breeding sites around M. fascicularis captivity area in Bogor, West Java. Mosquito larvae were collected from 102 sites using a 350 ml dipper. Mosquito larvae that were successfully collected consisted of 11 species; Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles aconitus, An. kochi, An. vagus, Culex fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui. Co-occurrence in mosquito larvae as many as 13 compositions, with the highest co-occurrence in Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus that was 11 times. There were seven types breeding sites for the larval mosquitoes, i.e containers, ditches, creeks, ponds, artificial ponds, groundwater puddles, and rice fields. We conclude the existence of mosquito larvae and the availability of their breeding site in M. fascicularis captivity area can be a potential transmission of pathogens between mosquitoes and hosts

scholarly journals Abundance and Distribution of Odonates (Dragonflies and Damselflies) In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Kehinde A. Kemabonta ◽  
Rosemary Essien ◽  
Babasola W. Adu ◽  
Sylvester U. Ogbogu ◽  
Abdussalam Iysa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Sweep Net

Introduction: Odonates are used as bio-indicators for monitoring habitat degradation both on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem because of their sensitivity to anthropogenic activities. They serve an important role in the ecological food chain by consuming aquatic larvae and being in turn consumed by birds and various amphibians. This study is part of the ongoing research on the diversity of Odonate species of Nigeria. The objective is to determine the abundance and distribution of odonates in Akwa Ibom State and to compare the species diversity across the various sites in Akwa Ibom State. Methodology: Akwa Ibom state was divided into six areas namely Ikot Akpaden, Obio Akpa, Ikot Okoro, Ikot Udofia, Urua Udofia and Obio Ndot using biotypes and a study site was randomly selected in each area. Adult members were captured using a sweep net and were preserved for identification using morphological features. Results: A total of 767 odonates were collected at the six study sites representing 24 species, 16 genera and four families namely Libellulidae (77%), Coenagrionidae (21%), Calopterygidae (>1%) and Chlorocyphidae (>1%). Most of the species collected were members of family Libellullidae (77%) with Palpopleura lucia having the highest occurrence (41%) and found in all the sites. Family Calopterygidae and Chlorocyphidae had less than 1% population of the total individuals collected. Ikot Okoro had the highest number of individuals (238) and the least evenness (e^H/S=0.3292) while Ikot Akpaden, which had the least effect of anthropogenic intrusion had the largest diversity of Odonata species (H’=2.387). Obio Ndot had the most evenly distributed Odonata species (e^H/S=0.8028). There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of dragonflies across all study sites (p= 0.238). Conclusion: The high occurrence of family Libellulidae which are anthropogenic tolerant, and the absence of more highly localized species indicate that most of the study sites have been degraded and may not be fit for species with narrow niches. It is therefore vital to conserve the Odonata community by implementing proper forest management techniques.

scholarly journals First record of Leishmaniasis in wild Jaguars (Panthera onca) from Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Heliot Zarza ◽  
Andrés Arias-Alzate ◽  
José F. González-Maya ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Chávez ◽  
Gerardo Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
First Record ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
Wild Felids ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Clinical Profiles ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease and parasitic zoonosis that occurs worldwide (i.e., Latin America, Africa and Eurasian countries; Desjeux 2005, Dahroug et al. 2010, 2011, Otranto et al. 2013). It is caused by parasitic kinetoplastids of the Leishmania genus transmitted by arthropod vectors (i.e. sandflies such as Lutzomyia spp.) and presents a great diversity of clinical profiles, depending on the affected areas (Otranto et al. 2013). This disease mainly affects humans and wild carnivoran species, mostly canids, with dogs as major reservoir hosts (Deane & Deane 1954, Silva et al. 2000, Figueiredo et al. 2008, Dantas-Torres et al. 2012). Even though domestic and wild felids are unusual reservoirs, and rarely develop the disease, several studies suggest that these species may play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease (Poli et al. 2002, Maia et al. 2008, Nasereddin et al. 2008, Dantas-Torres et al. 2012). Here we report the first record of a clinical manifestation of Leishmaniasis disease in a wild Jaguar (Panthera onca) in Quintana Roo, Mexico.

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