scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus among Haemodialysis Patients at Elobied Haemodialysis Unit –West Sudan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam Mohamed Hamed Elfaki ◽  
Samia Tarig Abdalla Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chronic Haemodialysis ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background and Objectives: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors of end – stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among haemodialysis patients at Elobeid haemodialysis unit. Patients and Methods: The study was a single – centre cross - sectional study including 130 patients on chronic haemodialysis in Elobeid hospital haemodialysis unit. Each patient was personally interviewed by the co-author in the haemodialysis unit using a structured questionnaire prepared by the investigators. Data collected include: socioeconomic data (gender, age, residence, and occupation), history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, treatment of hypertension, treatment of diabetes mellitus, duration of hypertension, duration of diabetes mellitus and duration of dialysis. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 or the use of antihypertensive medications. Diabetes mellitus is defined by use of insulin therapy. In this study both hypertension and diabetes mellitus were already diagnosed and on regular medications. Statistic package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: One hundred and thirty patients were recruited. More than two thirds of patients were males with male to female ratio of 2.2: 1. Patient’s age ranged from 12 years to 90 years. The mean age was 46.3 ± 17.8 years. Forty (32%) patients were above 56 years of age. Ninety eight (75%) patients were hypertensive, the majority of hypertensive patients were males (90%). Eighty six hypertensive patients were on calcium channel blocker (88%). Amlodipine was the commonly used antihypertensive used. Twenty five (19%) patients were diabetics and all of them were males. All diabetic patients were also hypertensive. Fourteen diabetic patients (56%) were on insulin therapy, while 11 patients were using metformin. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among haemodialysis patients was high while the prevalence of diabetes is less than that reported globally. The blood pressure should be tidily controlled specially in diabetic patients and patients with impaired renal function. For early detection of chronic kidney disease and elevated blood pressure as a sequel, routine blood pressure measurement is highly recommended in adult patients attend the clinic for any reason.

scholarly journals Overcoming Barriers in the Management of Hypertension: The Experience of the Cardiovascular Health Program in Chilean Primary Health Care Centers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Sandoval ◽  
Miguel Bravo ◽  
Elard Koch ◽  
Sebastián Gatica ◽  
Ivonne Ahlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers

Objective. To assess the blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in a population of hypertensive patients with access to care under a government-financed program, the Cardiovascular Health Program (CHP).Design. A cross-sectional and multicenter study.Setting. 52 primary care centers, metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile.Participants. 1,194 patients were selected by a systematic random sampling from a universe of 316,654 hypertensive patients.Key Measurements. Demographic information, blood pressure (BP) measurements, and CVRF were extracted from medical records of patients followed for a 12-month period.Results. 59.7% of patients reached target BP<140/90 mmHg. More women were captured in the sampling (2.1 : 1), achieving better BP control than men. Diabetic patients (26.4%) had worse BP control than nondiabetics. Antihypertensive medications were used in 91.5%, with multidrug therapy more frequent in patients with higher BP and more difficult control.Conclusions. The success in improving the BP control to values <140/90 mmHg from 45.3% to 59.7% underscores the contribution of this program in the Chilean primary care cardiovascular preventive strategies. However, fewer hypertensive men than women were captured by this program, and it is of concern the underperforming of BP control observed in diabetics.

scholarly journals A comparative study on the adherence to anti-hypertensive medications in urban and rural areas of Hubballi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Rao Katapadi ◽  
Dattatreya D. Bant
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health issue worldwide and can have deleterious effects on the health when it is not under control. Adherence to antihypertensive medications is thus necessary for better control of blood pressure and to reduce the risk of complications. There are various factors which support or hinder the patient’s adherence to anti- hypertensive treatment. Thus this study was done to reflect the factors influencing the adherence to antihypertensive drugs among urban and rural population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural field practice areas of Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection among the known hypertensive patients. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS software.Results: Most of the hypertensive patients were aged 45 and above (89.5%). A total of 73.5% of the participants were adherent to antihypertensive medications and adherence was more among urban (76%) as compared to rural population (71%). Knowledge regarding complications of uncontrolled hypertension was the major factor for adherence in both the areas. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was controlled in patients who were adherent.Conclusions: There is a higher level of adherence to antihypertensive medications in urban population as compared to rural population of Hubballi. The findings suggest patient factors, clinical factors and socio-demographic factors play an important role in determining the adherence to the medication.

Abstract 4425: Baseline Aldosterone/Renin Ratios Predict Responses to Thiazide in Essential Hypertension, Particularly for Already-Treated Patients

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Chin-Chou ◽  
Leu Hsin-Bang ◽  
Wu Tao-Cheng ◽  
Lin Shing-Jong ◽  
Chen Jaw-Wen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Untreated Hypertension

Background: Response to diuretics are variable among hypertensive patients. Our study sought to identify patients who respond well to thiazide diuretics. Methods: Non-diabetic patients with either treated or untreated hypertension were evaluated if their office systolic blood pressure was ≥ 140 mmHg or if their diastolic blood pressure was ≥ 90 mmHg. After 2 weeks of a controlled diet and life style modification, patients who still had an elevated blood pressure (BP) were prospectively given hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg per day for 2 weeks, in addition to their current treatment if there was any. Variables monitored both before and after treatment included serum aldosterone and renin, office BP. Results: Sixty-six patients received 2 weeks of thiazide treatment. Of the 66, the 27 (41%) who had a significant reduction (≥ 10% reduction from baseline) in office mean arterial pressure (MAP) were defined as responders. The other 39 patients, those who had a reduction in office MAP of < 10% were defined as non-responders. Responders had a higher aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) (77.90 ± 94.08 vs. 34.67 ± 45.56, p = 0.009) and a lower renin activity (7.44 ± 12.34 vs. 13.88 ± 14.00 pg/mL, p = 0.004). MAP reductions were directly correlated to ARR and inversely correlated to renin activity. ARR ≥ 18.58 independently predicted BP responses to thiazide in patients already taking other antihypertensive medications. Conclusions: The ARR is an independent predictor of responders to hydrochlorothiazide in non-diabetic hypertensive patients, particularly in those already taking other antihypertensive medications.

scholarly journals Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Olokoba L B ◽  
Mahmud O A ◽  
Adepoju F G ◽  
Olokoba A B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Male To Female

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The associated loss of productivity and quality of life of the patients with diabetic retinopathy will lead to additional socioeconomic burden. This study aims to determine the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This hospital-based cross sectional study, was carried out at the Diabetic and Ophthalmology clinics of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from November 2011 to July 2012. A total of 365<strong> </strong>patients had validated, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information and awareness of diabetic retinopathy. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 365 patients were enrolled, with age between 19 and 90 years, and a mean of 45.8 ±16.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1: 2.2. Ninety-nine respondents (27.1%) had no education. The majority (30.4%) had only primary education; 21.1% had tertiary; 14.5% had secondary while 6.8% had Quranic education. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 14.1 ±13.09 years. Of the 365 patients with diabetes mellitus, 279(76.4%) had heard that diabetes mellitus affects the eyes, while 86(23.6%) had not. Of those who had heard, 221(79.2%) heard it from health personnel, 45(16.1%) from radio/television, 25(9.0%) from internet, 23(8.2%) from books/newspapers, while 16(5.7%) heard from other sources.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst the patients. However, the high level of awareness of the blinding complication of diabetes mellitus did not translate to a correspondingly high level of ocular examination for diabetic retinopathy.  <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT COUNSELLING IN DIABETIC AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN TERMS OF PATIENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEIR MEDICATION, DISEASE STATE AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS BY PHARMACY PERSONNEL AT LDF CLINIC IN MASERU

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Lineo Maja ◽  
Thabiso Masia ◽  
Kabelo Binyane ◽  
Maseabata Ramathebane
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge

Objective: To investigate if diabetic and hypertensive patients were being adequately counselled by pharmacy personnel about their medication, disease states and lifestyle modifications at Lesotho defence force (LDF) clinic in Maseru.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic and hypertensive patients treated at LDF clinic in Maseru from March to May 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data in a face-to-face interview with patients. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to analyse collected data.Results: The study population consisted of 222 participants; 22 (28.2%) of diabetic. respondents had inadequate knowledge of diabetes mellitus complications and 56 (71.8%) had no knowledge of complications. 153 (78.8%) of hypertensive respondents had inadequate knowledge of hypertension complications and 33 (17.1%) had no knowledge of complications. 56 (25.2%) had adequate knowledge of lifestyle modifications of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and 164 (73.9%) had inadequate knowledge. 182 (82.0%) had adequate knowledge of their anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medicines names, 20 (9.0%) had inadequate knowledge and 20 (9.0%) had no knowledge. 63 (28.4%) had adequate knowledge of their medicines strengths, 17 (7.7%) had inadequate knowledge and 142 (64.0%) had no knowledge. 199 (89.6%) respondents had adequate knowledge of dosing frequency and 20 (9.0%) had inadequate knowledge.Conclusion: Hypertensive and diabetic patients’ knowledge about medication, disease states and lifestyle modifications were inadequate due to poor patient counselling on such aspects by pharmacy personnel at LDF clinic in Maseru.

scholarly journals Modification of Platelet Count on the Association between Homocysteine and Blood Pressure: A Moderation Analysis in Chinese Hypertensive Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jianan Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Linglin Gao ◽  
Xiaoluan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
High Platelet Count ◽  
Interaction Term

Background. Platelet consumption followed by homocysteine-induced endothelial injury suggests a crosstalk between platelet activation and homocysteine on hypertension. Platelet count has been found to modify the effect of folic acid on vascular health. However, whether platelet count could modify the contribution of homocysteine to blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. Methods. Leveraging a community-based cross-sectional survey in 30,369 Chinese hypertensive patients (mean age 62 years, 52% female), we examined the moderation of platelet count on the association between serum homocysteine and BP by constructing hierarchical multiple regression models, adjusting for conventional risk factors. If adding the interaction term of homocysteine and platelet count could explain more variance in BP and the interaction is significant, then we believe that moderation is occurring. Results. The association between serum homocysteine and diastolic BP was significantly stronger (β = 0.092 vs. 0.035, P=0.004) in participants with low platelet count (<210 × 109/L) than in those with high platelet count (≥210 × 109/L). Adding the interaction term of homocysteine and platelet count additionally explained 0.05% of the variance in diastolic BP (P=0.0001), and the interaction was significant (β = −0.021, P<0.001). Excluding participants receiving antihypertensive medications did not change our results. Conclusions. The association between homocysteine and BP was significantly stronger in participants with low vs. high platelet count and was partially moderated by platelet count. These results indicate that platelet count may be useful in the identification of individuals who are most beneficial to reducing-homocysteine treatments but this usefullness still needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Adherence to drug therapy among hypertensive patients attending two district hospitals in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1367
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Sarkodie ◽  
Daniel Kwame Afriyie ◽  
Araba Hutton-Nyameaye ◽  
Seth Kwabena Amponsah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Predictors Of Adherence

Background: A major drawback to the management of hypertension among patients is poor adherence to pharmacother- apy. Factors that influence non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs could vary, depending on the prevailing condition of patient and setting. Knowledge of adherence patterns and behavior of hypertensive patients to pharmacotherapy could improve health-directed policies towards hypertension management. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine factors that influence adherence to oral antihypertensive drugs among patients attending two district hospitals in the Volta Region of Ghana. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Respondents were hypertensive patients attending Krachi West District (n=187) and Hohoe Municipal (n=183) hospitals between March 2016 to May 2016. Data was collected using a structured question- naire and Morisky 8 Item Measurement of adherence scale. Results: Adherence to oral antihypertensive drugs was 89.2%. However, more than half of these respondents appeared to have uncontrolled blood pressure; and this may be due to self-response bias, blood pressure being measured only on the day of the interview or use of fake drugs (which was not assessed in this study). The strongest predictors of adherence were; knowledge on hypertension, perception of severity of condition and the amount of alcohol consumed in a day by respondents. Conclusion: Good adherence to oral antihypertensive drugs was observed in this population despite uncontrolled hyper- tension in a number of the respondents. The three independent predictors of adherence to antihypertensive medications in this study were respondent’s knowledge about hypertension, perception of severity of their condition and the amount of alcohol consumed in a day. Regular patient education and counseling by medical practitioners should be encouraged in these settings to improve patient adherence. Keywords: Adherence; antihypertensive drug; hypertension; Ghana.

scholarly journals ISCHEMIC STROKE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Irfan Murtaza Shahwani ◽  
Faisal Shahab ◽  
Shuaib Ansari ◽  
Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Neurologic Function ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
The Brain

Stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an areaof the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. It is also called ascereberovascular accident (CVA) or stroke syndrome. Objectives: To determine frequencyof hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking in patients with ischemic stroke. Patientsand methods: This cross sectional study of six months was carried out in the department ofmedicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. Patients aged 20-70 years of agewith ischemic stroke on CT were enrolled in the study after taking consent from caretaker ofpatients. Detailed history focusing on hypertension, diabetes and smoking and their durationwas taken. Blood pressure was recorded and fundoscopy was done to find out diabetic orhypertensive retinopathy. Thorough neurological examination was done and blood sugar(fasting and random) was evaluated. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study during study period. 64% of patientswere in ≥ 50 years of age group with mean age of 52±11 years. A total of 66 (66%) were male;with male to female ratio was 2:1. Hypertension was present in 61% of cases, Diabetes wasfound in 32% cases and 40 patients were cigarette smokers. Conclusions: It was concludedthat high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and smoking are associated with ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals The comparative study of the effect of telmisartan and ramipril on diabetic profile in hypertensive pre-diabetic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Abdullah Ansari ◽  
Ayesha Raoof
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Background: Hypertension, a common cardiovascular disease, is being increasingly associated with other co-morbid conditions like Diabetes mellitus, worsening its outcome. Both telmisartan and ramipril are effective anti hypertensive agents. The present study compares the efficacy of telmisartan and ramipril in controlling or preventing the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes in stage 1 hypertensive patients.Methods: A prospective, randomised, single centre, comparative observational study is conducted over a period of 12 months on stage 1 hypertensive patients with pre-diabetes. 60 patients are recruited and randomised into two treatment groups. They received the assigned drug for a period of 12 months and are followed up. At each visit, blood pressure was measured and diabetic profile was tested.Results: This study showed that both telmisartan and ramipril controlled the blood pressure effectively. Telmisartan controlled the progression of fasting blood sugar and glycosylated haemoglobin better than ramipril in stage 1 hypertensive patients with pre diabetes.Conclusions: Both telmisartan and ramipril were affecting in controlling the blood pressures. Telmisartan has a statistically significant effect in preventing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes mellitus in stage 1 hypertensive patients with pre diabetes when compared with ramipril.

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