scholarly journals Aerobic Bacteriology of Burn Wound Infections in Burn Patients and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir Valley

2020 ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
Asifa Nazir ◽  
Humaira Bashir ◽  
Seema Aleem ◽  
Shoaib Mohmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Burn Wound

Aims: The burn wound represents a susceptible site for opportunistic colonization by organisms of endogenous and exogenous origin. Burn wound infections are an important cause of mortality, morbidity and prolonged hospitalization in burn patients and the causative agent is generally a multidrug resistant organism. The pattern of microbial flora infecting burn wound varies according to geographical pattern as well as with duration of hospital stay. The main aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of burn wound isolates. Study Design:  It was a prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, from December 2019 to November 2020. Methodology: Swabs were taken from burn wound of 351 patients and cultured aerobically. Samples were processed for identification and sensitivity. Bacteria isolated were identified using their morphological characteristics, Gram staining reaction and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 351 samples were obtained for the study out of which, the most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae  – 154 (38.3%), followed by  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  - 133 (33.08%), Proteus sp – 42( 10.44%) ,  Acinetobacter sp- 26 (6.46%), Staphylococcus aureus - 26 (6.46%),  Escherichia coli - 17 (4.22%),  Enterococcus - 2 (0.49%), and Providencia sp- 2 (0.49%). Colistin was the most effective drug against Gram negative organisms while as linezolid was most effective against Gram positives. Conclusion: The finding of the study will be helpful for identifying the common bacteria causing burn wound infection and also to take proper precautions to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javeria Gul ◽  
Iffat Javed ◽  
Sohaila Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pathology Department

Background: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria causing infection is a great health issue for clinicians. The problem of multidrug resistant (i.e. resistant to at least three groups of antimicrobial) is becoming more and more threatening. The rate of resistance among Gram negative bacteria especially non fermenters are increasing to all available antibiotic groups. Objectives: The aim of study was to detect the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility in non-fermenter Gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) in a tertiary care hospital (Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore). Study Design: Descriptive study. Settings: The study was conducted in Pathology Department, Postgraduate medical institute (PGMI), Lahore. Study Period: Six months from August 2014 to December 2014. Material and Methods: Non-fermenter Gram negative bacteria were collected from various clinical specimen including blood, pus, urine, fluid aspirates and respiratory tract in a period of six months in pathology department, PGMI. All non-fermenter Gram negative isolates were identified up to species level by standard laboratory procedures using API (Analytical profile index) 20 NE (non-enterobacteriaceae). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of non-fermenter Gram negative isolates were performed by modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method as recommended in CLSI. Results: Out of the total 51 samples the most commonly isolated NFGNB were Acinetobacterbaumanni and Burkholderiacepacia (16 each) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), Pseudomonas luteola (5), Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia (4), Pseudomonas fluorescens (2) and Pseudomonas stutzeri(1). Conclusion: The study showed that rate of multidrug resistance increased in non-fermenter Gram negative organisms.

AEROBIC BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE WITH ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PUS SAMPLES AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN JAIPUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Hemendra K Sharma ◽  
Niketa Gupta ◽  
Mahesh Yadav ◽  
Aruna Vyas ◽  
Rajni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background: Pyogenic infections can be caused by various microorganisms and may co-exist as poly microbial infections which require antibiotic therapy. The inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to major problems of MDRO's contributing to morbidity and mortality. Even though the bacteriological prole of pus samples in many studies remain the same, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates has shown a lot of variation. This study was conducted to assess bacteriological prole of pus samples and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern Materials and Methods:Aretrospective study was carried out from April to June 2021. 540 pus culture aerobic bacterial isolates were included. The samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar. After aerobic incubation at 37oC for 18-24 hrs, organisms were identied by conventional bacteriology methods as per laboratory protocol and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI 2020 guideline. Results: Out of 540 pus isolates , 452(83.7%)were gram negative bacili and 88(16.3%) were gram positive cocci Pseudomonas spp. 173(31.9%), was most common gram negative isolate while S.. aureus 66(12.19%) was most common Gram positive isolate. Most of gram negative isolates were susceptible to Imipenem and Polymyxin and gram positive isolates to vancomycin and linezolid . Conclusion: To combat resistance irrational use of antibiotics should be avoided. Also regular surveillance helps in implementing better therapeutic strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality

Phenotypic and Genotypic Isolation of MRSA from Burn Wound Infected Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Anika Tasnim ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md Shah Alam ◽  
Jannatul Ferdose ◽  
Fazlay Akbar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: Patients of burn wound are generally more susceptible to infection due to concurrent status of malnutrition and immunosuppression. Among many bacteria, MRSA has appeared as a challenging pathogen irrespective of effective antibiotic therapy. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to detect the prevalence and antibiogram of MRSA in burn wound infected patients. Methodology: The present cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Microbiology in Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The samples were collected from Burn and Plastic Surgery Unit of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, for a period of one year. Phenotypic detection of MRSA were done by cefoxitin disc diffusion method and genotype (mecA gene) was detected by PCR which was conducted at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka among all the S. aureus isolates. Result: A total of 212 wound swabs were subjected to bacteriological culture media for isolation of MRSA and other organisms. As a whole 89.62% samples yielded growth in culture of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant pathogen (34.18%). Out of 21 S.aureus isolates, 07(33.33%) were detected as MRSA by cefoxitin resistance and presence of mecA gene. Although over 85% MRSA were resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, but the present study could not detect any vancomycin resistant MRSA. Conclusion: The high prevalence and decreased sensitivity of MRSA to commonly used antibiotics has been observed in Burn Unit of RMCH. Therefore it is necessary to establish an antimicrobial surveillance system in hospital settings to prevent the spread of MRSA. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(1):12-17

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Chronic Osteomyelitis with Special Reference to Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms/Patterns – A Cross-sectional Prospective Study from Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Aparna Pandey ◽  
Prachi Shaw ◽  
Aamir Johar
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective: Chronic osteomyelitis is the infection and inflammation of the bone. Inappropriate use of antibiotics and multidrug resistance has raised the morbidity and mortality rate in chronic osteomyelitis. This study aims to determine the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of chronic osteomyelitis with special mention to various resistant mechanisms. Methods: The study is a prospective design. Hundred (100) clinically diagnosed cases of chronic osteomyelitis of all age group and both sex admitted in a tertiary care hospital at central India, in one year were included. Samples like pus, sinus discharge or exudates were collected aseptically and sent for microbiological investigation. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates to the commonly used antibiotics was done by using modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The aerobic bacteriological study of chronic osteomyelitis showed Staphylococcus aureus is being continued to be major etiological agent followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to linezolid, teicoplanin while gram-negative isolates were sensitive to colistin, ciprofloxacin in the majority. The disease occurs mostly due to traumatic injuries commonly affecting the middle age group. In present study prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci aureus and β Lactamase producing (ESBL, Amp-C and MBL) gram-negative bacilli is found to be on the higher side. Conclusion: It has been the major cause of morbidity for a long time. The emerging multidrug-resistant strain is a major concern for the treatment. Identification of causative isolates and using a judicious selection of antibiotics will help the clinician in starting the empirical treatment accordingly would limit the multidrug resistance strains in the hospital as well as the community.

scholarly journals Prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susil Pyakurel ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Smriti Kattel ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Prasha Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Biochemical Tests

Abstract Aim Although carbapenem is the last-resort drug for treating drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, prevalence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria has substantially increased worldwide owing to irrational use of antibiotics particularly in developing countries like Nepal.  Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae and to detect the carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-2 and blaOXA-48) in at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Materials and methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2018 to January 2019 at the Microbiology Laboratory of Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal. Different clinical samples were collected and cultured in appropriate growth media. Biochemical tests were performed for the identification of K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The modified Hodge test (MHT) was performed to detect carbapenemase producers. The plasmid was extracted by the modified alkaline hydrolysis method. Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae were further confirmed by detecting blaNDM-2 and blaOXA-48 genes by PCR using specific forward and reverse primers followed by gel electrophoresis. Results Out of the total 720 samples, 38.9% (280/720) were culture positive. K. pneumoniae was the most predominant isolate 31.4% (88/280). Of 88 K. pneumoniae isolates, 56.8% (50/88) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and 51.1% (45/88) were MHT positive. Colistin showed the highest sensitivity (100%; 88/88), followed by tigecycline (86.4%; 76/88). blaNDM-2 and blaOXA-48 genes were detected in 24.4% (11/45) and 15.5% (7/45) of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Conclusion The rate of MDR and carbapenemase production was high in the K. pneumoniae isolates. Colistin and tigecycline could be the drug of choice for the empirical treatments of MDR and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. Our study provides a better understanding of antibiotic resistance threat and enables physicians to select the most appropriate antibiotics.

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