Prevalence of and Severity of Depression among Parkinson Disease Patients

Background: The objectives of the study were to determine prevalence and severity of depression among patients with Parkinson’s diseaseand compare with a control group that has comparable disability with PD and ascertain the correlation of depressive symptoms severity with the severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Neurology clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).The presence and severity of depression in patients with PD measured using Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) and severity of PD using Unified Parkinson’s DiseaseRating Scale (UPDRS)-motor. Results: A total of 40 PD patients and 40 patients with non-complicated hypertension werestudied. This study showed that the prevalence of depression among subjects with Parkinson’s disease was significantly higher 72.5% as compared with control group, further comparing the mean BDI for PD and Hypertension using independent t-test shows statistical significance (t=-3.306, p-value< 0.001). However, there is no significant difference between the severity of depression among PD patients and control. The study also reported difference in the pattern of depressive symptoms as the PD progresses. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression in this study was significantly higher (72.5%) among patients with PD, with no significant difference in severity of depression. however, the pattern of depressive symptoms shows significant difference as PD progresses.We recommend the integration of mental health services into the care of Parkinson’s disease to ensure regular assessment of their mental health status and prompt treatment.

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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

10.1159/000520302 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michaela Kaiserova ◽

Monika Chudackova ◽

Hana Prikrylova Vranova ◽

Katerina Mensikova ◽

Anetta Kastelikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Corticobasal Degeneration ◽

Control Group ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Parkinsonian Syndromes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Background: Various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are studied in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS). Several studies found reduced 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main serotonin metabolite, in PD. There is little evidence regarding its levels in APS. Methods: We measured 5-HIAA in the CSF of 90 PD patients, 16 MSA patients, 26 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, 11 corticobasal degeneration (CBD) patients, and 31 controls. We also compared the values in depressed and non-depressed patients. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in CSF 5-HIAA in PD and MSA compared to the control group (median in PD 15.8 µg/l, in MSA 13.6 µg/l vs. 24.3 µg/l in controls; P=0.0008 in PD, P=0.006 in MSA). There was no statistically significant difference in CSF 5-HIAA in PSP and CBD compared to the control group (median in PSP 22.7 µg/l, in CBD 18.7 µg/l vs. 24.3 µg/l in controls; P= 1 in both PSP and CBD). CSF 5-HIAA levels were lower in PD patients with depression compared to PD patients without depression (median 8.34 vs. 18.48, P<0.0001). Conclusions: CSF 5-HIAA is decreased in PD and MSA. The CSF 5-HIAA levels in PSP and CBS did not differ from those of the control group. There was a tendency toward lower CSF 5-HIAA in MSA than in PD, however, the results did not reach statistical significance. These results may be explained by more severe damage of the serotonergic system in synucleinopathies (PD, MSA) than in tauopathies (PSP, CBS).

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Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84243-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyoungwon Baik ◽

Seon Myeong Kim ◽

Jin Ho Jung ◽

Yang Hyun Lee ◽

Seok Jong Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

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The Efficacy and Safety of Coenzyme Q10 in Preventing the Progression of Early Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v51i2.595 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ranhel C. De Roxas ◽

Roland Dominic G. Jamora

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Coenzyme Q10 ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Early Parkinson’S Disease

Introduction. Coenzyme Q10, also known as Ubiquinone, is a substance now being used as a dietary supplement in many countries including the Philippines. It has also been the focus of several researches as treatment for several diseases including Parkinson’s Disease. Several studies have shown that Coenzyme Q10 inhibits mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease, hence delaying its progression. Objectives. The objective of this study is to assess and summarize the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of Coenzyme Q10 administration in the prevention of the progression of early Parkinson’s Disease. Methods. This is meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the use of Coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson’s Disease. A literature search in several databases was conducted for relevant studies. Three randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. The efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 were measured using the total and the component scores of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale on follow-up. On the other hand, safety were measured using the withdrawal rate and the associated adverse reactions during the therapy of CoQ10. The Review Manager Software was utilized for the meta-analysis. Results. Compared to Placebo, treatment of CoQ10 did not show any significant difference in the mean scores of the UPDRS mental and ADL scores. Interestingly, the UPDRS motor score showed a significant difference between Coenzyme Q10 and placebo, but no significant difference when a subgroup analysis between high-dose (-4.03 [-15.07-7.01], p-value 0.47, I2 67%, P for heterogeneity 0.08) and low-dose Coenzyme Q10 (0.53 [-0.891.94], p-value 0.47, I2 34%, P for heterogeneity 0.22) was done. Overall, there was no significant difference in the total UPDRS score (0.68 [-0.61-1.97], p-value 0.30, I2 0%, P for heterogeneity 0.70). The most common side effects of the use of Coenzyme Q10 are anxiety, back pain, headache, sore throat, nausea, dizziness and constipation. Conclusion. Contrary to some animal and human studies, this meta-analysis showed that the use of CoQ10 results to nonsignificant improvement in all components of the UPDRS scores as opposed to placebo. However, the use of CoQ10 is tolerated and seems to be safe but further studies are needed to validate this finding.

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The Relationship between the Type of Milk Consumed and the Risk of Kidney Stones in Children Under Two Years of Age

Journal of Iranian Medical Council ◽

10.18502/jimc.v3i4.5192 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamideh Shajari ◽

Ahmad Shajari ◽

Mohammad Golshan Tafti ◽

Reza Samaninejad

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Growth Disorders ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding

Background: Kidney stones are one of several serious health problems in childhood that cause nutritional and growth disorders, and may finally lead to chronic kidney failure in this group. Methods: In this analytical study conducted through a case-control design, 30 children under the age of two with kidney stones, and 125 children of the same age and sex without stones were studied. Patient information including personal profile and the results of some necessary tests were extracted from patient records and listed in a checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17.0). Statistical significance was considered when p-value was <0.05. Results: In terms of duration of breastfeeding, a significant difference was observed between the patients with stones and patients without stones; the duration of breastfeeding was longer in the control group (p=0.003). In addition, the duration of feeding with formula milk and cow milk was longer in the case group (p=0.038 and p=0.012, respectively). Conclusion: Breastfeeding can serve as a nutritional factor that plays a preventive and protective role against the formation of kidney stones in infants.

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Performance and Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Major League Baseball Players

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967119825835 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 232596711982583 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert A. Jack ◽

Kyle R. Sochacki ◽

Takashi Hirase ◽

Justin Vickery ◽

Patrick C. McCulloch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major League Baseball ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Arthroscopic Surgery ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Postoperative Performance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Major League ◽

And Performance

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain that may lead to decreased performance in Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Purpose: To determine the (1) return-to-sport (RTS) rate in MLB players after hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI; (2) postoperative career length, innings pitched (IP) (pitchers), and plate appearances (PA) (position players); (3) preoperative and postoperative performance; and (4) postoperative performance compared with control players matched by position, age, years of experience, and performance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB athletes who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI and matched controls were identified. Demographic and performance data were collected. RTS was defined as playing in at least 1 MLB game after surgery. Continuous variables of each group were compared using a 2-tailed paired-samples Student t test for normally distributed data. The chi-square test was used to analyze categorical data. The Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple comparisons, with statistical significance defined by a P value of ≤.007. Results: A total of 50 players (57 surgeries) were analyzed (mean age, 30.4 ± 3.9 years; mean MLB experience at the time of surgery, 7.0 ± 4.6 years). Pitchers (31 surgeries; 54.4%) represented the largest proportion of players analyzed. Of these players, 42 (47 surgeries; 82.5%) were able to RTS at a mean of 8.3 ± 4.1 months. The overall 1-year MLB career survival rate of players undergoing FAI surgery was 78.9%. Players in the control group were in MLB a similar number of years (4.0 ± 2.9 years) to players who underwent surgery (3.3 ± 2.4 years) ( P > .007). There was no significant decrease in IP or PA per season after surgery ( P > .007). There was no significant difference in performance for pitchers and nonpitchers compared with matched controls after surgery ( P > .007). Conclusion: The RTS rate for MLB athletes after hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI was high. There were similar IP, PA, and career lengths postoperatively compared with preoperatively and with matched controls. There was no significant difference in performance for pitchers and nonpitchers compared with matched controls after surgery.

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LINEAR ASSESSMENT OF CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION IN IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON'S DISEASE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8s2.15212 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Chuang-chien Chiu ◽

Ken Ying-kai Liao ◽

Shoou-jeng Yeh

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cerebral Autoregulation ◽

System Analysis ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Density Analysis

<p class="lead">Parkinson’s disease cases have been on the rise in the recent years, which promoted several different researches into the disorder. However, there hasn’t much research been done in the non-motor aspects of the disease. This study aims to improve the understanding of one of the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, this research aims to further understand cerebral autoregulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease. In order to achieve this aim, 25 subjects were recruited, with 11 healthy controls and 14 patients with Parkinson’s disease. The continuous blood pressure and continuous cerebral blood flow velocity of all subjects were recorded and processed while the subjects were at rest, tilt-up, and during hyperventilation. Linear signal and system analysis techniques were applied such as the power spectral density analysis and cross-correlation function analysis. Results showed that patients with Parkinson’s disease did not show a significant difference from the control group while at rest and after tilt-up. However, there was a significant difference between the groups during hyperventilation. The results obtained in this study suggested that the metabolic regulatory pathway for cerebral autoregulation is impaired in patients with Parkinson’s disease.</p>

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miR-185 and SEPT5 Genes May Contribute to Parkinson’s Disease Pathophysiology

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/5019815 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arman Rahimmi ◽

Ilaria Peluso ◽

Aref Rajabi ◽

Kambiz Hassanzadeh

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Substantia Nigra ◽

Chromosomal Location ◽

Gene Expression Pattern ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference

There are still unknown mechanisms involved in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which elucidating them can assist in developing efficient therapies. Recently, studies showed that genes located on the human chromosomal location 22q11.2 might be involved in the development of PD. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the role of two genes located on the chromosomal location (miR-185 and SEPT5), which were the most probable candidates based on our bibliography. In vivo and in vitro models of PD were developed using male Wistar rats and SHSY-5Y cell line, respectively. The expression levels of miR-185, SEPT5, LRRK2, and PARK2 genes were measured at a mRNA level in dopaminergic areas of rats’ brains and SHSY-5Y cells using the SYBR Green Real-Time PCR Method. Additionally, the effect of inhibition on the genes or their products on cell viability and gene expression pattern in SHSY-5Y cells was investigated. The level of miR-185 gene expression was significantly decreased in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST) of the rotenone-treated group (control group) compared to the healthy normal group (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the expression of SEPT5 gene (P<0.05) in the substantia nigra between two studied groups. The results of an in vitro study showed no significant change in the expression of the genes; however, the inhibition on miR-185 gene expression led to the increase in LRRK2 gene expression in SHSY-5Y cells. The inhibition on LRRK2 protein also decreased the cellular toxicity effect of rotenone on SHSY-5Y cells. The results suggested the protective role of miR-185 gene in preventing the development of PD.

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The effect of laughter yoga exercises on anxiety and sleep quality in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v4i07.200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (07) ◽

pp. 1463 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Azadeh Memarian ◽

Afsaneh Sanatkaran ◽

Seyyed Mohialdin Bahari

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Nonparametric Test ◽

Complementary Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Improve Sleep Quality

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of laughter yoga exercises on anxiety and sleep quality in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Methods: In the study a semi-empirical and applied research design was used, which involved a pre-test and post-test, and appropriate control group. The study consisted of 24 patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease who were referred and admitted to Hazarate Raoul Allah Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The patients ranged in age from 55 to 75 and met the study criteria prior to entering the research study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups – control or experimental (n=12 per group). After completing exercises (laughter yoga), post-evaluation of anxiety and sleep quality of patients in both groups were conducted using questionnaires. For normalization of research data, the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was used. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS software, with the statistically significant level set at P<0.05. Results: The Mann-Whitney tests indicated that there was a significant difference between the average stress change as well as sleep quality in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (versus control subjects) following laughter yoga exercises. Indeed, regarding sleep quality laughter yoga was only effective on the subjective quality of sleep and latency in sleeping. There was no observation of a significant effect on the duration of sleep, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping pills, or daily functions of the patients. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate that laughter yoga exercises can reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. As a result, laughter yoga exercises may be beneficial as a complementary therapy with standard treatment methods to reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality in patients with Parkinson's.

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Comparison of structural connectivity in Parkinson's disease with depressive symptoms versus non-depressed: a diffusion MRI connectometry study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610218000170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mina Ansari ◽

Sahand Adib Moradi ◽

Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf ◽

Abozar Hedayatnia ◽

Mohammad Hadi Aarabi

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Diffusion Mri ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Structural Connectivity ◽

Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽

Spin Distribution ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Left And Right

ABSTRACTObjective:Research on psychobiological markers of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a hot topic. Non-motor symptoms such as depression and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) each attribute to a particular neurodegenerative cluster in PD, and might enlighten the way for early prediction/detection of PD. The neuropathology of mood disturbances remains unclear. In fact, a few studies have investigated depression using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion MRI).Method:Diffusion MRI of PD patients without comorbid RBD was used to assess whether microstructural abnormalities are detectable in the brain of 40 PD patients with depression compared to 19 patients without depression. Diffusion MRI connectometry was used to carry out group analysis between age- and gender-matched PD patients with and without depressive symptoms. Diffusion MRI connectometry is based on spin distribution function, which quantifies the density of diffusing water and is a sensitive and specific analytical method to psychological differences between groups.Results:A significant difference (FDR = 0.016129) was observed in the left and right uncinate fasciculi, left and right inferior longitudinal fasciculi, left and right fornices, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right corticospinal tract, genu of corpus callosum, and middle cerebellar peduncle.Conclusion:These results suggest the prominent circuits involved in emotion recognition, particularly negative emotions, might be impaired in comorbid depressive symptoms in PD.

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Orofacial Functions and Chewing Effiency in Elderly Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Rehabilitated with Removable Prostheses

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602014010013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Corsalini Massimo ◽

Rapone Biagio ◽

Cagnetta Giovanni ◽

Carossa Massimo ◽

Sportelli Pasquale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

The Elderly ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Masticatory Efficiency ◽

Masticatory Ability ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. It is one of the movement disorders that can affect oro-facial conditions. It is more common in the elderly, having an average age of onset of around 60 years. Objective: The aim was to study orofacial functions in patients suffering from PD with partial or total edentulism, wearing removable prostheses. Methods: Forty-eight (48) elders, rehabilitated with removable dentures, were included: 24 patients suffering from Parkinson's disease constitute the Study Group (SG), and 24 subjects not suffering from Parkinson's disease or neurological degenerative diseases represent the Control Group (CG). In SG, the severity of Parkinson's disease was assessed according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating objective motor scale III, and oro-facial dysfunctions were evaluated using Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). The duration of the use of dental prostheses expressed in years has been reported. In both the groups, the subjective chewing index for the analysis of masticatory ability and the two-color chewing gum test for the analysis of masticatory efficiency were conducted . Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the SG and CG compared to the NOT-S (P = 0.001). Analyzing the study group, a statistically significant correlation was found between the masticatory efficiency and prosthetic years of use (rs = 0.436; P <0.05); instead, no statistically significant correlation was found between the masticatory efficiency and the severity of Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: In our study, we did not find differences between SG and CG in terms of the degree of masticatory efficiency; therefore, only a correlation between the duration of use of dental prostheses and the degree of masticatory efficiency was found.

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