scholarly journals Reduced P53 Protein Level and Evidence of Ongoing Coagulation among HIV-Infected Persons Accessing Treatment at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. C. Akwiwu ◽  
A. O. Okafor ◽  
J. O. Akpotuzor ◽  
E. E. Onukak
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
The University ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
D Dimer

Aims: To assess tumour suppressing activity and ongoing coagulation among persons living with HIV infection and accessing care in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria, between April 2018 and November 2018. Methods: Ninety persons living with HIV infection who were attending clinics at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were enrolled with ninety age and sex-matched HIV seronegative individuals who served as control subjects. The blood specimen was collected from each participant for analyses of CD4 cell and full blood counts by automation, serum was used for the assays of P53 protein and D-dimer levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Student t-test was used to compare means between test and control subjects. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare means across the HAART-naïve and two other groups on different HAART protocols. Statistical significance was drawn at a p≤ 0.05. Results: The CD4 cell count and P53 protein level reduced while D-dimer level increased in HIV infection. Platelet count also reduced while platelet distribution width increased with the condition. While CD4 cell count improved with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy administration, D-dimer level, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width reduced. Conclusion: This study observed reduced tumour suppression and increased coagulation activities alongside immunosuppression in HIV infection.

scholarly journals P53 PROTEIN LEVEL AND EVIDENCE OF ONGOING COAGULATION AMONG HIV-INFECTED PERSONS ACCESSING TREATMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR TEACHING HOSPITAL NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euphoria Akwiwu ◽  
Anthony Okafor ◽  
Josephine Akpotuzor
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Platelet Distribution Width ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Objective The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been associated with hemostatic disturbance. In Nigeria, particularly Calabar, not much is known about the nature of these derangement among infected subjects. This study was carried out with a view to assessing tumour suppressing activity and ongoing coagulation among HIV-infected subjects. The data presented is a side product of investigation on morbidity indicators among persons living with HIV infection in Calabar, Nigeria. Result The CD4 cell count and P53 protein level reduced while D-dimer level increased in HIV infection. Platelet count also reduced while platelet distribution width increased with the condition. While CD4 cell count improved with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy administration, D-dimer level, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width reduced. This study observed reduced tumour suppression and increased coagulation activities alongside immunosuppression in HIV infection. Keywords: Coagulation, HIV infection, immunosuppression.

Health care issues affecting transgender people living with HIV: an opportunity for improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 859-865
Author(s):  
Jesús Troya ◽  
Jorge del Romero ◽  
Pablo Ryan ◽  
Guillermo Cuevas ◽  
Mariano Matarranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

The high vulnerability of transgender (TG) persons to HIV infection and the difficulties associated with access to health services can lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, thus increasing the risk of transmission of HIV by this population. We performed a retrospective study to analyze the main characteristics of TG living with HIV infection in a hospital in Madrid, Spain and to identify issues related to lack of access to the health care system and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We analyzed 28 TG, of whom 22 (78.6%) were TG women. Median age was 28 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 29–45), 24 (85.7%) were Latin American (all of them without health insurance), and 12 (42.8%) were sex workers. Accessibility to the health system was more difficult for 22 (78.6%) of foreign-born TG people living with HIV, with a median delay to initiation of cART of six months (IQR: 2–24). These values were greater than those recorded for the control group comprising other people living with HIV (16.9% and one month, respectively). At the first access to health care in our hospital, CD4+ cell count and HIV viral load (VL) were worse in TG patients, with a median baseline CD4+ cell count below 350 cells/µl and a higher median HIV VL, both in naïve patients (28.6%) and in pre-treated patients whose therapy was interrupted owing to access-related issues (46.4%). These data show high vulnerability to HIV infection among TG and highlight that issues associated with access to health care can cause delays in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection. Based on our results, we think that the health care system should adapt to the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of TG people living with HIV and develop specific, targeted preventive programs to address the vulnerability of this group.

CD4/CD8 ratio improvement in HIV-1-infected patients receiving dual antiretroviral treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Monsalvo ◽  
Alejandro Vallejo ◽  
María Fontecha ◽  
María J Vivancos ◽  
Pilar Vizcarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Aids Diagnosis ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

The CD4/CD8 ratio is an indirect marker of immune activation, immune senescence, and inflammation in HIV infection. We performed a prospective study of the CD4/CD8 ratio evolution in 245 virally-suppressed (median, 55 months) HIV-infected patients (29% females) who had switched to four dual antiretroviral regimens. At baseline, the median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.71 (interquartile range, IQR, 0.46–0.97), associated with duration of HIV infection, nadir CD4+ cell count, and AIDS diagnosis. It was lower in the case of hepatitis C virus coinfection and cardiovascular disease (p = 0.09), but the ratio was higher in patients with chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, or osteoporosis. At 48 weeks, the median CD4/CD8 ratio increased by 3% (+0.02; IQR, –0.07, +0.09; p = 0.07); greater improvement was observed in patients with lower baseline ratios and previous AIDS diagnosis. The slope of increase was slower in patients with the highest baseline values. Also, there were no differences in the CD4/CD8 ratio increase according to type of dual regimen, after adjusting for baseline and HIV-related values. In conclusion, CD4/CD8 ratio increase is observed during suppressive dual regimens, and its extent is related to baseline values and previous HIV-related factors. Longer duration on antiretroviral therapy and drug toxicity could affect the evolution of this marker in the presence of comorbidities.

330 CHARACTERISTICS OF NOT KNOWING THE CD4 CELL COUNT WHEN LIVING WITH HIV.

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. S315.3-S315
Author(s):  
A.R Hoellein ◽  
J. A. Kendall ◽  
J. F. Wilson ◽  
A. C. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Factors associated with late presentation of HIV infection in Catalonia, Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Vives ◽  
D Carnicer-Pont ◽  
P Garcia De Olalla ◽  
N Camps ◽  
A Esteve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Cd4 Cell

We sought to describe the prevalence, trends and factors associated with late diagnosis of HIV infection between 2001 and 2008 in Catalonia, Spain. Adults over 13 years of age with available CD4 cell counts, who were notified to the Catalonia Voluntary HIV Surveillance System between January 2001 and December 2008, were included in the study. Late presentation for HIV infection was defined as a CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL or with an AIDS-defining condition at presentation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with late diagnosis of HIV. Of the 4651 newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals with available CD4 counts, 2598 (55.9%) were diagnosed late. The proportion of people with a late diagnosis decreased from 60.4% in 2001 to 50% in 2008, a significant trend ( P < 0.001). Older age, male gender, foreign birth, heterosexuality and injecting drug use were independent risk factors for late diagnosis. Strategies to actively promote HIV testing to populations at risk of late diagnosis of HIV or those never attending health systems should be implemented.

scholarly journals Intersectionality and Cognitive Impairment Risk in Older Persons With HIV: Age, Ethnicity, and LGBT Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 724-724
Author(s):  
Monica Rivera Mindt ◽  
Micah Savin ◽  
Angela Summers ◽  
Jordan Stiver ◽  
Alex Slaughter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract The Latinx population is disproportionately affected by HIV-infection and older Latinx persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). However, no studies have examined whether intersectionality (including Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender [LGBT] status) increases NCI risk. This study investigated whether LGBT status increases NCI risk in 126 PLWH (Ages 19-73 years; 74% Male; 66% Latinx, 34% NHW) who completed a comprehensive NC battery. Domain average T-scores were based on demographically-corrected norms. Multiple regressions revealed that after accounting for covariates (cocaine use, premorbid IQ) and other dimensions of intersectionality (age, ethnicity), LGBT status significantly contributed to NCI risk in attention/working memory (B=-4.50, p=.01) and executive functioning (trend-level; B=-3.67, p=.06). LGBT status, a key dimension of intersectionality, should be considered in NC assessment of PLWH. Future research is needed to identify factors (e.g., discrimination) that may confer increased NCI risk in this population.

scholarly journals Assessment of Markers of Depression and CD4 Cell Count among Adult HIV-Positive Patients on Anti-Retroviral at a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
A. Amoko ◽  
P.O. Ajiboye ◽  
F.A. Olagunju ◽  
R.O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Depression is a common mental health problem among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); because low count of lymphocytes with  cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4 cell count) is associated with severe symptoms of HIV infection, there are thoughts that low CD4 cells count can provoke depressive illness. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between CD4 count and depression among adult HIV positivepatients attending Family Medicine clinics at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria.Method: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was done over a period of 6 months among 350 systematically randomly selected adult HIV-positive patients. PHQ-9 was used to obtain information on depression and the CD4 count was determined using a flow-cytometric method. Data were obtained and analyzed using SPSS-17. Chi-square was used to determine degree of association between the depression and the level of CD4 count. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of depression among the respondents was 33.4%. The prevalence of depression was highest among respondents with low CD4 count (≤349cells/ul), 37.0%, and least among those with high CD4 count (≥500cells/ul), 28.3%. This relationship was however not statistically significant.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of depression was high among the respondents (33.4%) suggesting the need for routine depression screening among HIV positive patients. There was no statistically significant association between presence of depression and level of CD4 count (p-value=0.302). Keywords: Depression, CD4count, PLWHA, Family Medicine, UITH.

scholarly journals The THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results: The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion: The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.

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