Nitrogen Nutrition in Dry Tropical Forest at Different Times of Regeneration

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ágatha Maria de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Mozart Duarte Barbosa ◽  
Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira ◽  
Maria Betânia Galvão Dos Santos Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Regeneration Time ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Regeneration Times ◽  
N Acquisition

The management of forest species requires the quantification of various nutrients flows in the ecosystem. Specifically for N this aspect is even more important because many species in dry forests, as Brazilian Caatinga, are legumes and in symbiotic association with diazotrophic bacteria, fix N2 from the atmosphere. This study aimed to evaluate the N nutrition of forest species in Caatinga fragments with different regeneration times in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The study areas had different historical uses: the first one (53 ha) had no exploitation in the last 44 years; the second (32 ha) was in regeneration for 25 years; and the third (25 ha) had been in regeneration for five years. Four common tree species were evaluated in the three evaluated areas. Leaves were collected from each species to determine N contents. The legume species in the preserved area presented higher N content, decreasing with the regeneration time. The results showed a greater ecological balance in the most preserved sites, favoring the biological N fixation. N acquisition by legumes was not influenced by the disturbance of the site, suggesting the recommendation of these species as restorers of degraded areas.

scholarly journals Inoculation of sugarcane with diazotrophic bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivaldo Schultz ◽  
Jeferson Alves da Silva ◽  
Jailson Silva Sousa ◽  
Rafael Cassador Monteiro ◽  
Renan Pedula Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Biological N Fixation

The sugarcane industry, a strategic crop in Brazil, requires technological improvements in production efficiency to increase the crop energy balance. Among the various currently studied alternatives, inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria proved to be a technology with great potential. In this context, the efficiency of a mixture of bacterial inoculant was evaluated with regard to the agronomic performance and N nutrition of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out on an experimental field of Embrapa Agrobiologia, in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, using a randomized block, 2 × 3 factorial design (two varieties and three treatments) with four replications, totaling 24 plots. The varieties RB867515 and RB72454 were tested in treatments consisting of: inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria, N-fertilized control with 120 kg ha-1 N and absolute control (no inoculation and no N fertilizer). The inoculum was composed of five strains of five diazotrophic species. The yield, dry matter accumulation, total N in the shoot dry matter and the contribution of N by biological fixation were evaluated, using the natural 15N abundance in non-inoculated sugarcane as reference. The bacterial inoculant increased the stalk yield of variety RB72454 similarly to fertilization with 120 kg ha-1 N in the harvests of plant-cane and first ratoon crops, however the contribution of biological N fixation was unchanged by inoculation, indicating that the benefits of the inoculant in sugarcane may have resulted from plant growth promotion.

Seed size influences the promoting activity of rhizobia on plant growth, nodulation and N fixation in lima bean

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudyanne do Nascimento Costa ◽  
Jadson Emanuel Lopes Antunes ◽  
João Pedro Alves de Aquino ◽  
Ingrid Sthephanie da Costa Silva ◽  
Angela Celis de Almeida Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Biological N Fixation

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the activity of rhizobia isolates inoculated in large (18 mm) and small (11 mm) seeds on lima bean growth, nodulation and N fixation. Selected rhizobia isolates were compared with a reference strain CIAT899 and two controls without inoculation. Large seeds contributed for highest plant growth, nodulation and N fixation than small seeds. The isolates UFPI-59, UFPI-18 and UFPI-38 promoted the highest values of shoot and root dry weight, respectively. The isolates UFPI-32 promoted the highest values of nodule number, while UFPI-59 promoted the highest values of nodule dry weight. The isolates UFPI-38 and UFPI-59 promoted the highest accumulation of N. This study showed that seed size really influences lima bean growth, nodulation and BNF. Considering rhizobia isolates, UFPI-59, UFPI-38, and UFPI-18 contributed for plant growth, promoted better nodulation and effectiveness on biological N fixation.

scholarly journals SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS AND COMPETITIVENESS OF CALOPO RHIZOBIAL ISOLATES IN AN ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO UNDER THREE VEGETATION COVERS IN THE DRY FOREST ZONE OF PERNAMBUCO

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altanys Silva Calheiros ◽  
Mario de Andrade Lira Junior ◽  
Mércia Virgínia Ferreira Santos ◽  
Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira Lyra
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

Biological N fixation in forage legumes is an important alternative to reduce pasture degradation, and is strongly influenced by the inoculant symbiotic capability. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of Calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides) rhizobial isolated from soil under three vegetation covers of an Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo of the Dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. An experiment was conducted evaluating 25 isolates, aside from 5 uninoculated controls with 0; 309; 60; 90 and 120 kg ha-1 N, and a treatment inoculated with the SEMIA 6152 strain. The first cut was performed 45 days after inoculation and a second and third cut after 45-day-intervals. Shoot N content was quantified at all cuts. Shoot dry mass was affected by N rates at all cuts. Shoot dry mass increased from the first to the second cut in inoculated plants. There was no difference between rhizobial isolates from the different plant covers for any of the variables. Most variables were significantly and positively correlated.

scholarly journals Residual effect of clover-rich leys on soil nitrogen and successive grain crops

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
A. GRANSTEDT ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological N Fixation

Legume-based leys form the basis for crop rotations in organic farming as they fix nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere for the succeeding crops. The age, yield, C:N, biological N fixation (BNF) and total N of red clover-grass leys were studied for their influence on yields, N uptake and N use efficiency (NUE) of the two sequential cereal crops planted after the leys. Mineral N in deeper soil (30-90 cm) was measured to determine N leaching risk. Altogether, four field experiments were carried out in 1994-1998 at two sites. The age of the ley had no significant effect on the yields and N uptake of the two subsequent cereals. Surprisingly, the residual effect of the leys was negligible, at 0–20 kg N ha-1yr-1. On the other hand, the yield and C:N of previous red clover-grass leys, as well as BNF-N and total-N incorporated into the soil influenced subsequent cereals. NUEs of cereals after ley incorporation were rather high, varying from 30% to 80%. This might indicate that other factors, such as competition from weeds, prevented maximal growth of cereals. The mineral N content deeper in the soil was mostly below 10 kg ha-1 in the sandy soil of Juva, but was 5-25 kg ha-1 in clayey soil of Mietoinen.;

The use of the 15N isotope dilution technique to estimate the contribution of associated biological nitrogen fixation to the nitrogen nutrition of Paspalum notatum cv. batatais

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Boddey ◽  
Phillip M. Chalk ◽  
Reynaldo L. Victoria ◽  
Eiichi Matsui ◽  
Johanna Döbereiner
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Dilution Experiments ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This paper reports the results of a field experiment to investigate the use of the 15N-dilution technique to measure the contribution of biological N2 fixation to the N nutrition of the batatais cultivar of Paspalum notatum. The pensacola cultivar of this grass supports little associated N2 fixation as evidenced by the low associated C2H2 reduction activity and was thus used as a nonfixing control plant. The grasses were grown in 60-cm diameter concrete cylinders sunk into the soil, and the effects of four different addition rates of labelled nitrogen (NH4)2SO4, were investigated. The data from seven harvests clearly demonstrated that there was a significant input of plant associated N2 fixation to the nutrition of the batatais cultivar amounting to approximately 20 kg N∙ha−1∙year−1. Problems associated with the conduct of such isotope dilution experiments are discussed including the importance of using nonfixing control plants of similar growth habit, the advantages and disadvantages of growing the plants in cylinders as opposed to field plots, and the various methods of application of labelled N fertilizer.

Tillage effects on N2O emission from soils under corn and soybeans in Eastern Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Gregorich ◽  
P. Rochette ◽  
P. St-Georges ◽  
U F McKim ◽  
C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Glycine Max L

The ways in which agricultural soils are managed influence the production and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O). A field study was undertaken in 2003, 2004, and 2005 to quantify and evaluate N2O emission from tilled and no-till soils under corn (Zea maysL.) and soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr) in Ontario. Overall, N2O emission was lowest in 2003, the driest and coolest of the 3 yr. In 2004, the significantly larger annual N2O emission from no-till soils and soils under corn was attributed to an episode of very high N2O emission following the application of fertilizer during a period of wet weather. That the N loss by N2O emission occurred only in no-till soils and was large and long-lasting (~4 wk) confirms the strong effect that management has in reducing fertilizer N losses. In 2005, tilled soils had significantly larger N2O emission than no-till soils, most of which was emitted before the end of June. Because the tilled soils were better aerated , nitrification was likely the primary process contributing to the larger emission. Relatively low N2O emission from soybeans suggests biological N fixation does not appear to contribute substantially to the annual N2O emission. Further study of methods to reduce N2O emission in agricultural systems should focus on improving N use efficiency within a particular tillage system rather than looking to differences between tillage systems. Key words: Tillage, corn, soybeans, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, biogenic gas emission, nitrification, denitrification, fertilization

Amending aeolian sandy soil in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China with Pisha sandstone and increasing phosphorus supply were more effective than increasing water supply for improving plant growth and phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition of lucerne (Medicago sativa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Honghua He ◽  
Zekun Zhang ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Zhigang Dong ◽  
Qing Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
P Supply

Plant growth is often constrained by low availability of water and phosphorus (P) in soils in arid and semi-arid areas. Aeolian sandy soils cover >90% of the sandy area of the Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) in Northwest China. These soils have low water- and nutrient-retention capacity, limiting their ability to support plant growth. Pisha sandstone, a type of loose rock widely distributed in the MUSL, is regarded as an environmental hazard because it easily weathers, resulting in severe soil erosion and water loss. However, the retention capacity of the aeolian sandy soil can be significantly improved through blending with Pisha sandstone. We investigated the impacts of water supply (35% and 70% of soil water-holding capacity) and P supply (0, 5 and 20 mg P kg–1 soil) on plant growth and P and nitrogen (N) nutrition by growing lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in MUSL aeolian sandy soil amended or not with Pisha sandstone. Soil type and P supply had greater effects than water supply on lucerne growth and on P and N nutrition. Biomass accumulation and shoot P and N concentrations were increased by amending the aeolian sandy soil with Pisha sandstone and increasing P supply. The N:P ratios in shoots indicated that plant growth was limited by P but not by N. Aeolian sandy soil amended with Pisha sandstone and supplied with P at 5 mg kg–1 enhanced lucerne growth; this practice is feasible for pasture development in the MUSL.

Interactive effect of nitrogen nutrition, nitrate reduction and seasonal variation on oxalate synthesis in leaves of Napier-bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum × P. glaucum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Goyal ◽  
Rupinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Oxalate Synthesis

Oxalate may cause hypocalcaemia or formation of urinary calculi in animals with prolonged grazing of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) × pearl millet (bajra, P. glaucum) hybrid (NBH). We investigated the influence of nitrate metabolism, nitrogen (N) nutrition, N forms and seasonal variation on oxalate accumulation in leaves of NBH in a field experiment in Ludhiana, India. The experiment was a randomised block design with three N sources (nitrate, amide and ammonium), three application rates (50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha), four seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn, pre-winter) and three replicates. Applied N nutrition induced oxalate synthesis and activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) enzymes. A positive association of N nutrition with both oxalate accumulation and nitrate-reducing enzymes was found. Nitrate-N increased oxalate accumulation and NiR activity more than ammonium and amide. A differential effect of seasons on NR and NiR activities, as well as on oxalate accumulation, was observed. Among different harvest seasons, NR and NiR activities were positively associated with oxalate accumulation in summer and the monsoon season. These results suggest that N fertilisation, particularly in nitrate form, is associated with upregulation of nitrate-reducing enzymes, leading to oxalate accumulation in NBH leaves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document