Interactive effect of nitrogen nutrition, nitrate reduction and seasonal variation on oxalate synthesis in leaves of Napier-bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum × P. glaucum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Goyal ◽  
Rupinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Oxalate Synthesis

Oxalate may cause hypocalcaemia or formation of urinary calculi in animals with prolonged grazing of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) × pearl millet (bajra, P. glaucum) hybrid (NBH). We investigated the influence of nitrate metabolism, nitrogen (N) nutrition, N forms and seasonal variation on oxalate accumulation in leaves of NBH in a field experiment in Ludhiana, India. The experiment was a randomised block design with three N sources (nitrate, amide and ammonium), three application rates (50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha), four seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn, pre-winter) and three replicates. Applied N nutrition induced oxalate synthesis and activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) enzymes. A positive association of N nutrition with both oxalate accumulation and nitrate-reducing enzymes was found. Nitrate-N increased oxalate accumulation and NiR activity more than ammonium and amide. A differential effect of seasons on NR and NiR activities, as well as on oxalate accumulation, was observed. Among different harvest seasons, NR and NiR activities were positively associated with oxalate accumulation in summer and the monsoon season. These results suggest that N fertilisation, particularly in nitrate form, is associated with upregulation of nitrate-reducing enzymes, leading to oxalate accumulation in NBH leaves.

scholarly journals Yield and quality attributes with seasonal variation in Napier Bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum glaucum) under different nitrogen environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Meenakshi Goyal ◽  
U. S. Tiwana
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fodder Yield

Field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 in randomized block design using three nitrogen doses (50, 75 and 100 kgN/ha) with three replications for Napier Bajra hybrid. Three nitrogen fertilizers, potassium nitrate (KNO3), urea [CO(NH2)2] and ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] were used in divided doses. The crop was harvested four times in different seasons. Growth attributes viz. plant height (72.6cm), number of tillers per plant (20.1) and leaf length (91.2) found highest at 100 kgN/ha doses and maximum values were recorded in monsoon season. Green fodder yield (321.0 q/ha) and dry fodder yield (79.6 q/ha) were recorded highest with KNO3 fertilization and found maximum in monsoon season. Among all the harvest seasons, crude protein yield (19.1 q/ha) was observed maximum in summer season. Quality attributes viz. ether extract (2.6%), ash content (12.9%) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (62.6%) were observed highest in summer season. Crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased with increased level of nitrogen doses and observed maximum in monsoon season.

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

Population and Group Size of Cheer Pheasant Catreus Wallichii in Pokhari Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3503-3505
Author(s):  
Manish Kukreti
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Minimum Group

Present paper reports population dynamics of Cheer pheasant Catreus wallichii in Pokhari valley, Garhwal Himalaya during January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 405 individuals with 145 groups were recorded. Overall individuals per sighting and group size (3.88±0.51 and 3.40±0.45) were also recorded during the study period respectively. Maximum value of individuals per sighting and group size were recorded in months of July and November (6.13±0.76 and 7.32±0.97), while minimum were recorded in May and April (1.75±0.27 and 1.17±0.26). Seasonal variation was also observed in population and group size. Maximum value of individual per sighting was recorded during the Monsoon season and minimum were recorded in spring season. While maximum and minimum group size were recorded in winter and spring Season.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertilization on camelina seed yield, yield components, and downy mildew infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfei* Jiang ◽  
Claude D. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Set Up ◽  
N Rates

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has potential in aquaculture, livestock feed production, and the biofuel industry. It is necessary to determine the appropriate production technology for the newly introduced crop under different environmental conditions. The objective of this 2-year study was to measure the response of five camelina genotypes in terms of seed yield, yield components, and disease incidence to applied nitrogen (N) at multiple sites in the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada. The factorial experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design. The two factors were six N rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1 N) and five genotypes of camelina (Calena, CDI002, CDI005, CDI007, and CDI008). The interactive effect of N rates and genotypes was considered. Results showed that camelina, which is usually considered a low-input crop, responded positively to increased applied N at rates up to 200 kg ha−1 N. Seed yield responded differently to applied N rates depending on genotype. Branch and pod development were decisive for seed yield. The advanced line CDI007 had the highest yield potential among the five genotypes. Downy mildew infection was positively correlated with applied N rates; however, seed yield was not significantly affected by downy mildew infection.

scholarly journals 129 Effect of Ronozyme® WX supplementation on apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients in broiler chicks fed varying levels of rice bran

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Richard B Omidiwura ◽  
Adebisi F Agboola ◽  
Taiwo O Makinde ◽  
Grace O Oyebode
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Regression Approach

Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rice bran (RB) and Ronozyme® WX on apparent and true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility coefficients in broiler chicks using a regression approach. Two hundred and forty 21-day-old Abor Acre plus chicks were randomly allotted to six diets with varying levels of RB (100, 200 and 300 g/kg) without (0g/kg) or with Ronozyme® WX (25g/kg) supplementation in a 2x3 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 8 birds each. The birds were fed for 5 days (d 22–26). On d 26, digesta was sampled from distal ileum. Data were analyzed using general linear model at α0.05. Lysine had the highest concentration among the essential amino acids (AAs) while the lowest concentration was observed for threonine. Rice bran at 10% for the essential amino acids with enzyme was significantly higher but compared with concentrations of RB at 10% and 20% without enzyme. There were no significant differences among the true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients except lysine (10% RB) without enzyme (0.91) which was significantly higher than 20% RB with enzyme (0.84) but similar to other treatments. Rice bran with enzyme had a significant (P < 0.05) interactive effect on the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of arginine, histidine, isoleucine methionine and phenylalanine. When RB was supplemented with enzyme, a significant (P < 0.05) interactive effect on true ileal digestibility coefficients of arginine and methionine was observed. Rice bran-enzyme interaction had no significant effect on the non-essential AAs. The slopes of the regression lines ranged from 0.77 (arginine) to 0.98 (phenylalanine). In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not significantly influence the digestibility coefficients of AA in rice bran. However, the inclusion of 10% and 20% RB supplemented with Ronozyme® can help to improve the methionine content in rice bran.

scholarly journals Agronomic features of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cv. Roxo under irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Ana Paula da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Roney Mendes de Arruda ◽  
Joadil Gonçalves de Abreu ◽  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
Water Depths

This study aimed to evaluate how different irrigation water depths influence the agronomical features of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cv. Roxo. Grass was cultivated in a pasture belonging to the Bovine Sector of the National Agrotechnical School of Caceres – MT. The experiment was a block design with five treatments and four repetitions. Treatments consisted of five water depths: 0 = 0% of available water (AW), 1 = 21% of AW, 2 = 34% of AW, 3 = 74% of AW, and 5 = 100% of AW. Evaluated features were production (dry matter ha-1), plant height, leaf/steam ratio, and stem diameter. Dry matter production of cuts from May and July increased linearly with increasing water depth (P < 0.05). Plant height increased linearly as water depth increased in the cuts of May and September, while the height of July cuts was 71.76 cm under an irrigation depth of 390.77 mm. In May, July, and September cuts, leaf percentage decreased linearly as water depth increased (P < 0.05). An increase of 1 mm in water depth reduced leaf percentage by 0.0936% (May), 0.0295% (July), and 0.0122% (September). Our results indicate that to improve dry matter production, May, July, and September cuts should be irrigated with water depths of 56.03 mm, 601.78 mm, and 577.65 mm, respectively.

Assessment of the contribution of legumes to the nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
P. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Gana ◽  
L. Busari
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Stalk Weight ◽  
Better Than

Field trials were conducted to assess the contribution of legumes to the nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane at the up-land sugarcane experimental field of the National Cereals Research Institute Farm, Badeggi (9°45'N, 06°07'E) in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. The four treatments tested consisted of sole-planted chewing cane, and chewing cane intercropped with soybean (TGM 579), Sesbania rostrata and cowpea (Ife brown). The treatments were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The legumes were ploughed into the soil at 12 weeks after sowing (WAS). At 2 months after sowing, cane intercropped with cowpea generally recorded lower values for cane height, tiller number and crop vigour, while the sole-planted cane crop gave the highest values for each of these parameters in both years. However, at 4 and 10 months after planting and at harvest (1, 6 and 9 months after the legume incorporation) sole-planted cane recorded significantly lower cane height, single stalk weight and crop vigour in 1997 and 1998. Among the intercropping treatments, cowpea and sesbania had almost similar effects on the cane in terms of crop vigour, cane height, single stalk weight and cane yield (t/ha), being better than the sole-planted cane and intercropping with soybean.

scholarly journals EVALUATION PERFORMANCE OF THREE Pennisetum GENUS GROWN ON PINES FOREST IN LEMBANG, WEST JAVA

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Sajimin Sajimin ◽  
N. D. Purwantari
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Shoot Production

Pines are the largest tree forests in West of Java so that they are very potential to be developed as an agroforestry system. Forage crop potentially to be cultivated in the agroforestry system. The aim of the research was to study the response of the grasses grown under pines forest. The experiment was conducted at pines forest area arranged in randomized complete block design. The treatments were 3 grasses (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan, P. purpureum (local) and Pennisetum purpureophoides (king grass). Data collected were productivity, agronomic performance (plant height, tiller), forage production and quality. The result shows that shoot production of Taiwan cultivar was significantly higher than local P. purpureum. It was produced 498.4 g/clump on rainy season and 287.0 g/clump at dry season. At dry season forage production was decreased by 39,9%/ha. Nutrient composition at rainy season, crude fibre of grass was 39.89%; Ca 0.04%; P 0.26%; ash 12.46%; energy 4239.5 kcal/kg and crude protein 8.23%; while at the mid of dry season crude fibre was 38.43%; Ca 0.035%; P 0.26%; ash 11,43%; energy 3943 kcal/kg and crude protein 8.94%. Key words: pines, forestry, forage, production, quality

The use of the 15N isotope dilution technique to estimate the contribution of associated biological nitrogen fixation to the nitrogen nutrition of Paspalum notatum cv. batatais

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Boddey ◽  
Phillip M. Chalk ◽  
Reynaldo L. Victoria ◽  
Eiichi Matsui ◽  
Johanna Döbereiner
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Dilution Experiments ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This paper reports the results of a field experiment to investigate the use of the 15N-dilution technique to measure the contribution of biological N2 fixation to the N nutrition of the batatais cultivar of Paspalum notatum. The pensacola cultivar of this grass supports little associated N2 fixation as evidenced by the low associated C2H2 reduction activity and was thus used as a nonfixing control plant. The grasses were grown in 60-cm diameter concrete cylinders sunk into the soil, and the effects of four different addition rates of labelled nitrogen (NH4)2SO4, were investigated. The data from seven harvests clearly demonstrated that there was a significant input of plant associated N2 fixation to the nutrition of the batatais cultivar amounting to approximately 20 kg N∙ha−1∙year−1. Problems associated with the conduct of such isotope dilution experiments are discussed including the importance of using nonfixing control plants of similar growth habit, the advantages and disadvantages of growing the plants in cylinders as opposed to field plots, and the various methods of application of labelled N fertilizer.

Amending aeolian sandy soil in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China with Pisha sandstone and increasing phosphorus supply were more effective than increasing water supply for improving plant growth and phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition of lucerne (Medicago sativa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Honghua He ◽  
Zekun Zhang ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Zhigang Dong ◽  
Qing Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
P Supply

Plant growth is often constrained by low availability of water and phosphorus (P) in soils in arid and semi-arid areas. Aeolian sandy soils cover &gt;90% of the sandy area of the Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) in Northwest China. These soils have low water- and nutrient-retention capacity, limiting their ability to support plant growth. Pisha sandstone, a type of loose rock widely distributed in the MUSL, is regarded as an environmental hazard because it easily weathers, resulting in severe soil erosion and water loss. However, the retention capacity of the aeolian sandy soil can be significantly improved through blending with Pisha sandstone. We investigated the impacts of water supply (35% and 70% of soil water-holding capacity) and P supply (0, 5 and 20 mg P kg–1 soil) on plant growth and P and nitrogen (N) nutrition by growing lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in MUSL aeolian sandy soil amended or not with Pisha sandstone. Soil type and P supply had greater effects than water supply on lucerne growth and on P and N nutrition. Biomass accumulation and shoot P and N concentrations were increased by amending the aeolian sandy soil with Pisha sandstone and increasing P supply. The N:P ratios in shoots indicated that plant growth was limited by P but not by N. Aeolian sandy soil amended with Pisha sandstone and supplied with P at 5 mg kg–1 enhanced lucerne growth; this practice is feasible for pasture development in the MUSL.

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