scholarly journals Agricultural Expenditures and Food Security: Evidence from Sub Saharan African Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Felix Dabit Atabukum ◽  
Nembot Ndeffo Luc ◽  
Christophe Kuipou Toukam
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan

This paper sets out to investigate the effects of agricultural expenditures on two dimensions of food security in Sub Saharan Africa from 2000-2016. The Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) econometric technique was applied on data from World Development Indicator, Regional Strategic Alliance and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS), the World Governing Indicator, the African Development Indicators, the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) data bases. Our results depicted that public agricultural expenditure has negative and significant effects on food availability and utilization while domestic private agricultural expenditure and human capital foster both dimensions of food security. Foreign aid for agriculture has no effects on food availability but promotes food utilization while economic infrastructure promotes food availability but the effects on food utilization are positive and not significant. On the basis of the results, we recommend that SSA African government should increase the size of public agricultural expenditure, increase the level of economic infrastructures so as to crowd in private agricultural investment, lobby for more foreign aid for agriculture, improve the quality of institutions and design different policies to target different dimensions of food security.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Perspective from Panel Data Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Raïfatou Affoh ◽  
Haixia Zheng ◽  
Kokou Dangui ◽  
Badoubatoba Mathieu Dissani
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the relationship between climate variables such as rainfall amount, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and the triple dimension of food security (availability, accessibility, and utilization) in a panel of 25 sub-Saharan African countries from 1985 to 2018. After testing for cross-sectional dependence, unit root and cointegration, the study estimated the pool mean group (PMG) panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The empirical outcome revealed that rainfall had a significantly positive effect on food availability, accessibility, and utilization in the long run. In contrast, temperature was harmful to food availability and accessibility and had no impact on food utilization. Lastly, CO2 emission positively impacted food availability and accessibility but did not affect food utilization. The study took a step further by integrating some additional variables and performed the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) regression to ensure the robustness of the preceding PMG results. The control variables yielded meaningful results in most cases, so did the FMOLS and DOLS regression. The Granger causality test was conducted to determine the causal link, if any, among the variables. There was evidence of a short-run causal relationship between food availability and CO2 emission. Food accessibility exhibited a causal association with temperature, whereas food utilization was strongly connected with temperature. CO2 emission was linked to rainfall. Lastly, a bidirectional causal link was found between rainfall and temperature. Recommendations to the national, sub-regional, and regional policymakers are addressed and discussed.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of Growing Food Insecurity in Africa in Terms of Causes, Effects and Solutions: The Nigerian Example

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Wasiu Olayinka Fawole ◽  
Burhan Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Sub Saharan

This study examined the situation of food insecurity in Africa with special emphasis on Nigeria with a view to giving the picture of the trend with respect to causes, effects and possible solutions. The study employed secondary data sourced from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and subsequently compared the results with other previously conducted studies on food security status in Nigeria and few other African countries. Data for the trend of food security between 1990 and 2014 were sourced from FAO. The findings of this study combined with other previously conducted studies revealed that the food insecurity in Nigeria is not only becoming worrisome but frightening. According to the FAO three commonly employed indicators (prevalence of undernourishment, prevalence of food insecurity and number of undernourished people), it was observed that food insecurity in Nigeria continued to rise from 2009 according to the results of the annual survey till 2014. The implication of this is that if the trend is not halted as quickly as possible it is a time bomb that may pose grave security risks and danger to the country and Africa as a whole being the most populous black nation and it is almost certain that any destabilization suffered as a result of hunger in Nigeria is a destabilization of the entire sub-Saharan Africa region considering her enormous population and the strategic place she occupies in the economy of the region especially the western Africa. This paper made some far-reaching recommendations that could halt the trend if judiciously implemented.

scholarly journals Economics & Religious Implications On Adult Literacy In Sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amon O. Okpala ◽  
Comfort O. Okpala
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Although literacy rates have improved somehow in recent years, there are still large numbers of people that are illiterates in developing countries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>This paper examines the impact of public education expenditures, the percentage of urban population and religious affiliation on adult literacy rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, a cross-sectional data of 34 Sub-Saharan African countries with adequate data information were analyzed. The results from the ANOVA and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis are quite conclusive - that urban population, government expenditures on education and religious affiliations do have strong statistical impact on literacy.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Frelat ◽  
Santiago Lopez-Ridaura ◽  
Ken E. Giller ◽  
Mario Herrero ◽  
Sabine Douxchamps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Sub Saharan

We calculated a simple indicator of food availability using data from 93 sites in 17 countries across contrasted agroecologies in sub-Saharan Africa (>13,000 farm households) and analyzed the drivers of variations in food availability. Crop production was the major source of energy, contributing 60% of food availability. The off-farm income contribution to food availability ranged from 12% for households without enough food available (18% of the total sample) to 27% for the 58% of households with sufficient food available. Using only three explanatory variables (household size, number of livestock, and land area), we were able to predict correctly the agricultural determined status of food availability for 72% of the households, but the relationships were strongly influenced by the degree of market access. Our analyses suggest that targeting poverty through improving market access and off-farm opportunities is a better strategy to increase food security than focusing on agricultural production and closing yield gaps. This calls for multisectoral policy harmonization, incentives, and diversification of employment sources rather than a singular focus on agricultural development. Recognizing and understanding diversity among smallholder farm households in sub-Saharan Africa is key for the design of policies that aim to improve food security.

scholarly journals Impact of transnational land acquisitions on local food security and dietary diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. e2020535118
Author(s):  
Marc F. Müller ◽  
Gopal Penny ◽  
Meredith T. Niles ◽  
Vincent Ricciardi ◽  
Davide Danilo Chiarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
Sub Saharan

Foreign investors have acquired approximately 90 million hectares of land for agriculture over the past two decades. The effects of these investments on local food security remain unknown. While additional cropland and intensified agriculture could potentially increase crop production, preferential targeting of prime agricultural land and transitions toward export-bound crops might affect local access to nutritious foods. We test these hypotheses in a global systematic analysis of the food security implications of existing land concessions. We combine agricultural, remote sensing, and household survey data (available in 11 sub-Saharan African countries) with georeferenced information on 160 land acquisitions in 39 countries. We find that the intended changes in cultivated crop types generally imply transitions toward energy-rich, but nutrient-poor, crops that are predominantly destined for export markets. Specific impacts on food production and access vary substantially across regions. Deals likely have little effect on food security in eastern Europe and Latin America, where they predominantly occur within agricultural areas with current export-oriented crops, and where agriculture would have both expanded and intensified regardless of the land deals. This contrasts with Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where deals are associated with both an expansion and intensification (in Asia) of crop production. Deals in these regions also shift production away from local staples and coincide with a gradually decreasing dietary diversity among the surveyed households in sub-Saharan Africa. Together, these findings point to a paradox, where land deals can simultaneously increase crop production and threaten local food security.

Water, Food Security, and Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 384-399
Author(s):  
Sinmi Abosede
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Access To Food

Water is essential for food production and it plays an important role in helping countries achieve food security. The effect of climate change poses significant threats to agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of agriculture is rain-fed. Changes in weather patterns in the form of prolonged drought and severe flooding, in addition to poor water and land agricultural management practices, has resulted in a significant decline in crop and pasture production in several African countries. The agricultural sector in the region faces the challenge of using the existing scarce water resources in a more efficient way. Most of the countries have failed to achieve food self-sufficiency and rely on imports to meet the demand for food. Agricultural trade can play a significant role in helping countries in Africa achieve food security by increasing availability and access to food in countries that are experiencing food insecurity.

Relationship Between Climate Change and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sylvester Ohiomu ◽  
Patience L Ozor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan

The soaring cases of coronavirus pandemic coupled with unpredictable climatic variations posed danger to human lives and food security. This work examined “Relationship between climate change and food security in sub-Saharan Africa.” Using the Generalized Method of Moments technique with preliminary diagnostic tests on panel data across the 17 sub-Sahara African countries, the dependent variable is agricultural output, while the independent variables are temperature, rainfall, government expenditure on agriculture, inflation, exchange rate, gross fixed capital formation, and labor force. The findings revealed that climate change exerts negative impact on food security through temperature variations which degenerated during the period under review. The results also showed positive significant impact of government expenditure which increased during the period. The work recommended that government should embark on massive productive investments to reinvigorate and re-engineer the economy. The government and appropriate agencies should also put in place hybrid technology of high yield crops adaptive to change in climate as well as effective mechanism for food storage to secure food for the future.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Development Assistance: Lessons from South Korea for Sub-Saharan Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Kelechi A. Kalu ◽  
Jiyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Political ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
Sub Saharan

This paper examines the political economy of development assistance in sub-Saharan African countries and South Korea focusing on the importance of good governance and domestic policies in a successful management and utilization of development aid. South Korea, along with Malaysia, has been widely recognized as one of the successful cases where foreign aid actually led to a significant level of economic development. From one of the major recipient nations and the poorest countries, South Korea, in about 40 years, has emerged as a donor nation with the 12th largest economy in the world. Comparatively, despite international efforts to help Africans out of their economic and political malaise, there has been a lack of visible progress in sub-Saharan African nations as far as changing the lives of the people. In the paper, we argue that weak institutional and political structures dominated by autocrats and democrats that practice illiberal politics are the main cause of poor development policies in sub-Saharan Africa. lt is weak institutional structures that continue to undermine the efficient use of foreign aid in the interest of the people. In this context, we examine political factors that contributed to a successful management of development aid in South Korea, and extract some lessons and policy suggestions from the South Korean case for sub-Saharan African countries.

Prospects, Challenges, and Policy Directions for Food Security in India-Africa Agricultural Trade

2020 ◽  
pp. 400-424
Author(s):  
Ishita Ghosh ◽  
Sukalpa Chakrabarti ◽  
Ishita Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Sub Saharan

This chapter focusses on the agricultural and investment potential between Sub-Saharan Africa and India, in order to combat food insecurity. There is much scope for meaningful collaboration with governments and public-private partnerships, which could be instrumental in reducing hunger and poverty and managing the adverse effects of climate change. Increasing inclusivity, devising sustainable land-holding policies, incentivizing exporters, knowledge sharing in terms of technology and expertise will also boost employability, production and trade potential. Moreover, effective financial and technical cooperation between India and the African countries may be the key to achieving the desired synergies that will bring about positive changes towards ensuring food security.

Crowdsourcing Covid-19 signals in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging digital contributor networks for participatory surveillance of Covid-19 symptoms and deaths (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngozi A Erondu ◽  
Sagal A Ali ◽  
Mohamed Ali ◽  
Schadrac C Agbla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, underreporting of cases and deaths has been attributed to various factors including, weak disease surveillance, low health-seeking behaviour of flu like symptoms, and stigma of Covid-19. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spread mimics transmission patterns of other countries across the world. Since the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way research can be conducted and in light of restrictions on travel and risks to in-person data collection, innovative approaches to collecting data must be considered. Nearly 50% of Africa’s population is a unique mobile subscriber and it is one of the fastest growing smart-phone marketplaces in the world; hence, mobile phone platforms should be considered to monitor Covid-19 trends in the community. OBJECTIVE We demonstrate the use of digital contributor platforms to survey individuals about cases of flu-like symptoms and instances of unexplained deaths in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, and Zimbabwe. METHODS Rapid cross-sectional survey of individuals with severe flu and pneumonia symptoms and unexplained deaths in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia and Zimbabwe RESULTS Using a non-health specific information platform, we found COVID-19 signals in five African countries, specifically: •Across countries, nearly half of the respondents (n=739) knew someone who had severe flu or pneumonia symptoms in recent months. •One in three respondents from Somalia and one in five from Zimbabwe respondents said they knew more than five people recently displaying flu and/or pneumonia symptoms. •In Somalia there were signals that a large number of people might be dying outside of health facilities, specifically in their homes or in IDP or refugee camps. CONCLUSIONS Existing digital contributor platforms with local networks are a non-traditional data source that can provide information from the community to supplement traditional government surveillance systems and academic surveys. We demonstrate that using these distributor networks to for community surveys can provide periodic information on rumours but could also be used to capture local sentiment to inform public health decision-making; for example, these insights could be useful to inform strategies to increase confidence in Covid19 vaccine. As Covid-19 continues to spread somewhat silently across sub-Saharan Africa, regional and national public health entities should consider expanding event-based surveillance sources to include these systems.

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