scholarly journals Assessment of Sandcrete Blocks Quality in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Nwabueze Michael Anosike
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Production Quality Control ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Water Absorption Rate

This study assessed the production management practice being adopted in the manufacture of quality sandcrete blocks in selected sampled parts of Owerri municipal, Imo State, Nigeria. Myriads of literature identify sandcrete blocks as a significant material being used in the building & civil engineering practice and assert that its application as a walling material cannot be over emphasized. Sandcrete block manufacturers in Owerri, Imo State were used for the assessment of the quality of their products in line with the Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) specifications. The study adopted field sampling, experimentations and work study methods to determine the compressive strength and water absorption rate properties of the selected sampled sandcrete blocks. The results of the study reveals among others that the mean compressive strength values obtained were as low as 1.92N/mm2, and about 17% water absorption rate from sampled commercial blocks. The results obtained did not compare favorably with the NIS specified acceptable minimum standard values. The study therefore underpinned poor production quality control practice as well as lack of impact of regulatory bodies in Imo State as among factors that contributed to the negative results obtained.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cassava Effluent as Organic Admixture in Concrete Production for Farm Structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Ovie Isaac AKPOKODJE ◽  
Goodnews Goodman AGBI ◽  
Hilary UGURU
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Farm Structures

This paper evaluated the influence of cassava effluent on the compressive strength of concrete for farm structures. Three sets of concrete cubes were produced with a concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4 (C 15) and a water to cement ratio (w c-1) of 0.5. The 1st set was produced with 100% fresh water (tap water). The 2nd set was produced with 75% partial replacement of the fresh water with fresh cassava effluent, while the 3rd set was produced with 75% partial replacement of the fresh water with old cassava effluent. The density, water absorption rate and compressive strength of the concrete cubes was tested in accordance with ASTM International standards, at the end of 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 curing days. The results revealed that, the cassava effluent slightly increased the cubes density; but reduced their water absorption rate. The study further showed that, concrete produced with fresh cassava effluent, developed the highest compressive strength (29.57 MPa) at the end of the 56th curing day. In contrast, concrete produced with old cassava effluent developed the lowest compressive strength (24.43 MPa) at day 56, which was lower than the compressive strength of 27.18 MPa developed by the concrete produced with fresh water (also at day 56). In addition, the cassava effluent retarded the initial rate of strength development, as such, increasing its prospect as an organic concrete admixture. This study will be helpful in mitigating the harmful effects of cassava effluent in the environment, since it can be utilized in concrete production.

scholarly journals Characterization of Slag Cement Mortar Containing Nonthermally Treated Dried Red Mud

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeongcheol Choe ◽  
Sukpyo Kang ◽  
Hyeju Kang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
High Calcium

In this study, a method was suggested to produce dried powder from red mud (RM) sludge with 40%–60% water content without heating. The RM sludge is discharged from the Bayer process, which is used to produce alumina from bauxite ores. Nonthermally treated RM (NTRM) powder was produced by mixing RM sludge (50%), paper sludge ash (PSA, 35%), and high-calcium fly ash (HCFA, 15%). The physicochemical properties of NTRM were investigated by analyzing its water content, X-ray fluorescence spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, and particle size. Moreover, to examine the applicability of NTRM as a construction material, slag cement mortar in which 20 wt% of the binder was replaced with NTRM was produced, and the compressive strength, porosity, and water absorption rate of the mortar were evaluated. Results indicated that NTRM of acceptable quality was produced when the water content in RM sludge decreased and CaO contained in PSA and HCFA reacted with moisture and formed portlandite. The NTRM-mixed mortar requires further examination in terms of durability because of the increased capillary voids and high water absorption rate, but its compressive strength is sufficient to enable its use in sidewalks, bike roads, and parking lots.

Strength and Water Absorption Rate of Concrete Made from Palm Oil Fuel Ash

2017 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norpadzlihatun Manap ◽  
Nor Izzah Muhamad ◽  
Kavitha Sandirasegaran
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Oil Fuel

Concrete is one of the most important materials for construction industry. The material in the mixture of concrete includes cement, sand and coarse aggregate. Production of cement causes the air pollution from the emission of carbon dioxide to the air. This research studies the replacement of cement with palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in the concrete mixture. The objective of this research is to investigate the compressive strength of concrete and water absorption rate of concrete made from POFA and to compare the strength and absorption rate between conventional concrete and concrete made from POFA. This is to indicate whether the compressive strength and absorption rate are equivalent to the strength of conventional concrete. The methodology used in this research is experimental method and the palm oil fuel ash was taken from palm oil mill in Cha’ah, Johor, Malaysia. The results of this research are the specimens which contain 20% POFA has a compressive strength and water absorption rate comparable to conventional concrete.

Dolomite Quarry Waste as Sand Replacement in Sand Brick

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Nur Fitriah Isa ◽  
Khairunnisa Muhammad ◽  
Norhaizura Yahya ◽  
Muhammad Munsif Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Badrul Hisyam Ab Manaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Mechanical Approach

Dolomite is a sedimentary rock resulting from the deposition of river or sea takes millions of years. The quarry waste from dolomite production had been used to replace sand in order to study the performance of modified brick sand. The objectives of this research are to determine the density, water absorption rate, and compressive strength of the new dolomite brick (d-brick) and to find out the optimum percentage of sand replacement with the dolomite waste. The bricks sample are then be tested using physical and mechanical approach. The percent of sand replacement is 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight.The optimum percentage mix of the modified sand brick using dolomite is D50 based on the density, water absorption, and compressive strength test of the sand brick. The result of the density of the D50 sand brick using dolomite is 1701 kg/m3, the water absorption of the sand brick 12%, and 14% at 7 days, and 28 days respectively. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of the D50 sand brick is 7.99 MPa, and 12.28 MPa at 7 days, and 28 days.

Research on a New Kind of Waterproof Agent for Desulphurization Gypsum Materials Block

2013 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Quan Li ◽  
Ming Zhu Gong ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Strength Reserve ◽  
Resistance Performance

The paper studied a compound desulphurization gypsum waterproof agent, which could modify the water-resistance performance of gypsum products on the basis of their microstructural properties. The waterproof mechanics were the synthesis results of superficial hydrophobic of hydrophobic emulsion, hindrance water of film forming matter and reducing the porosity in materials. The experiment results showed that the water-absorption rate of gypsum hardened body can be reduced to 3.5% and that the compressive strength reserve rate was 89.7% after 24h.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing date palm fibers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Bamaga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Date Palm Fibers ◽  
Rate Test ◽  
Construction Works

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the effects of incorporating Sefri Date Palm Leave Fibers (SDPLF) into the mortar. A total of seven mixtures were prepared and tested. SDPLF were collected from local farms. The fibers were then cleaned, dried, and cut to different sizes of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 50 mm, maintaining the same individual fiber width of approximately 5±2 mm. The content of SDPLF in mortars was kept to 1% and 3% by mass. The physical and mechanical properties of SDPLF fibers and SDPLF mortars were investigated. The compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days was determined. The water absorption rate test was carried out on mortars containing 1% SDPLF fibers. The results showed that mortars with SDPLF have lower workability, lower density, and lower compressive strength as compared to control mortars. However, they are still acceptable for use in construction works. Mortars containing 10 mm and 20 mm SDPLF fibers by mass showed significant improvement in terms of water absorption rate as compared to the control mortar.

Waterproof Performance of Gypsum Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
Jian Quan Li ◽  
Ming Zhu Gong ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Surface Performance ◽  
Strength Reserve

A novel compound gypsum waterproof agent made of emulsified stearic acid, alunite and naphthalene were studied, which could modify the waterproof performance of gypsum materials in microstructures. The experiment results showed that the water-absorption rate of gypsum materials can be reduced to 3.73% and that the compressive strength reserve rate was 84.71% after 24h. The waterproof mechanic of alunite is the hydration materials of alunite can fill the materials’ porosities, which can no longer be filled with water, so it reduces the water absorption and improves the strength; The waterproof mechanic of stearic acid emulsion is that it improves the gypsum material surface performance and makes the surface performance convent from hydrophilic performance to hydrophobic performance.

The Effects of Admixtures on the Adobe Wall Materials' Durability

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1306-1311
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jin Hu Shi ◽  
Fang Zhi Lin ◽  
Wen Hui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Wall Materials

Objective:this paper would research the effects of different dosages of admixtures doped to the adobe wall materials' compressive strength, 30min soaking compressive strength loss rate, water resistance, water absorption rate and resistance drying and watering cycle can be modified by cement, stone powder and fly ash three admixtures which are single-doped into the samples. Result: The single-doped cement can enhance the durability of the adobe wall materials obviously. When the dosage of stone powder's single-doped is 0~5%, it can lower the 30min soaking compressive strength loss rate and water absorption rate. When the dosage of it's single-doped is 5~15%,it raises the 30min soaking compressive strength loss rate and water absorption rate. While the dosage of single-doped fly ash is increasing, it could lower the adobe wall materials' compressive strength, but other performance lowers after that first enhances,and the single-doped dosage of 5% is the turning point performance.Conclusion: Three kind of admixtures can modify the adobe wall materials' durability. When the dosage of stone powder and fly ash's single-doped are 5%,the sample's performance of water resistance is best.It meets the demands of the adobe wall materials' durability.

Manufacturing of Construction Materials from Municipal Incinerator Residue

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Dae Yong Shin ◽  
Kyung Nam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Municipal incinerator residue (MIR) was used as raw material to replace clay to manufacture bricks. Brick specimens were substituted from 0 to 50 wt% MIR by 10 wt% increment for clay. Clay-MIR brick specimens were fired at 800~1050°C for 2 h. Firing shrinkage, bulk density, water absorption rate and compressive strength were investigated. Leaching procedure tests were also conducted to characterize toxicity. Increasing MIR contents resulted in a decrease in water absorption rate, firing shrinkage and increase in compressive strength of bricks. It was found that when brick specimen with 50 wt% of MIR content was heat-treated at 1000°C for 2 h, a brick specimen could be generated, which was compressive strength of 1256 kg/cm2, water absorption ratio of 6.8% and firing shrinkage of 3.5%. This indicates that MIR is indeed suitable for the partial replacement of clay in bricks

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