scholarly journals Trends and Variations of Monthly Solar Radiation, Temperature and Rainfall Data over Birnin Kebbi Metropolis for the Period of 2014-2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Usman Zayyanu Magawata ◽  
Abubakar Aliero Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Precipitation Events

The investigation of rainfall, temperature and solar radiation variability at Birnin Kebbi metropolis, Kebbi State, Nigeria was carried out using observations of air temperature (°C) rainfall (mm) and solar radiation (W/m2) for the period of 2014 -2016 (3 years), data was obtained at Sir Ahmadu Bello international Airport, analysis of data indicate for the occurrences of abrupt change in temperature, rainfall and solar radiation values. It was observed from the distributions of monthly average wind speed for the (3) three years are fairly similar with maximum wind speed with variation in some months, having deficit values in February and April 2014, February and March 2015, January and February 2016, its revealed that, the least global solar radiation in 2014 followed by the month of January 2015 and June in 2016. The variation between maximum solar radiation and minimum is said to be great in the months of January to March where there is increase in the intensity of heat as there is strong expectation of precipitation events that become extremely in the month of August/September 2016. The slight difference between maximum and minimum in the period advocates a different seasonal period between the regime of large difference and low difference in the Relative Humidity in the year. However 2016 show the maximum temperature which in turn when compared with 2014 and 2015 as the case reverse, significant increases in precipitation indicated in 2014 compare to other years (2015, 2016). It was concluded that there is a significant downward trend in the yearly total and mean rainfalls at Birnin Kebbi showing that 2014 has highest rainfall compared with 2015 and 2016.

scholarly journals Wind and Solar Radiation Potential Assessment in Kano, Nigeria Using Weibull and Samani Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Mustapha Mudasiru ◽  
Mohd Wazir Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Horizontal Surface ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Average Wind

A clean, source free, environmentally friendly and renewable source of energy such as wind and solar energy can be used for providing sustainable power supply to remedy an epileptic and unreliable power supply systems. For decades, electric power supply situation in Kano, Nigeria has been a major source of serious concern. The epileptic power supply has hindered the socio-economic growth industrialization and, subsequently, increase air pollution due to individual stand-alone diesel generators. Various government incentives and policies have little or no effect to improve the availability and reliability of the electric power. The aviation industries especially the Navigation and communication equipment required, apart from availability, a reliable power sources because of their sensitivity to reliable and safe Aircraft navigation. The need for an alternate renewable energy system (RES) of power supply away from the National grid and diesel generator is inevitable at Kano. This paper proposes an assessment of wind and solar energy potentialities at Kano in Nigeria using Weibull distribution methods and the Samani model to determine the wind features and estimate global solar radiation potentials respectively for power supply generation. A six years (2009-2014) monthly mean wind speed data measured at 10 m height was collected and extrapolated to 50 m height level for statistical analysis, while 22 years monthly solar radiation, temperature amplitude and relative humidity of the location were obtained from NASA web to calibrate, validate and evaluate the Samani model, ten years (2003-2012) maximum and minimum temperature were then used to predict the global solar radiation on horizontal surface of the location. The minimum Weibull average wind speed was found to be 8.60 m/s and the maximum average wind speed was 11.24 m/s while the minimum power density was 440.03 W/m2 and the highest was 947.26 W/m2 at the 10 m height level. The lowest average global solar radiation on the horizontal surface was 17.96 MJ/m2/d and highest average global solar radiation on the horizontal surface was 26.38 MJ/m2/d. The site has been found to have great potentials for wind and solar utility power generation capacity.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DE ELEMENTOS METEOROLÓGICOS NA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO ESTIMADA PELO IRRIGÂMETRO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Luan Brioschi Giovanelli ◽  
Rubens Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Jair Da Costa Oliveira Filho ◽  
Gilberto Chohaku Sediyama ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meteorological Elements

INFLUÊNCIA DE ELEMENTOS METEOROLÓGICOS NA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO ESTIMADA PELO IRRIGÂMETRO  LUAN BRIOSCHI GIOVANELLI1; RUBENS ALVES DE OLIVEIRA1; JAIR DA COSTA OLIVEIRA FILHO2; GILBERTO CHOHAKU SEDIYAMA1; PAULO ROBERTO CECON3 E JÚLIO CÉSAR MACHADO BAPTESTINI1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Campus Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Tocantins – UFT, Campus Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brasil, [email protected] Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Campus Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected].  1 RESUMO O Irrigâmetro é um aparelho utilizado no manejo da água de irrigação, sendo capaz de estimar diretamente a evapotranspiração da cultura. Essa estimativa é dependente dos elementos meteorológicos e de suas inter-relações, associados ao correto ajuste do aparelho. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da temperatura máxima e mínima do ar, umidade relativa média do ar, velocidade do vento média e radiação solar global na evapotranspiração estimada pelo Irrigâmetro (ETI), nas condições climáticas do sul do estado do Tocantins, operando com diferentes alturas de água dentro do evaporatório, para as estações do ano. O experimento foi montado num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis alturas da água no evaporatório representando os tratamentos, com três repetições. Os elementos meteorológicos envolvidos foram obtidos numa estação meteorológica automática. A umidade relativa e a radiação solar apresentaram alta correlação com a evapotranspiração estimada pelo Irrigâmetro em todas as estações do ano. Por outro lado, a temperatura mínima e a velocidade do vento tiveram pouca influência sobre a ETI. Palavras-chave: agricultura irrigada, manejo da irrigação, meteorologia agrícola.  GIOVANELLI, L. B.; OLIVEIRA, R. A.; OLIVEIRA FILHO, J. C.; SEDIYAMA, G. C.; CECON, P. R.; BAPTESTINI, J. C. M. METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS ON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATED BY IRRIGAMETER    2 ABSTRACT Irrigameter is a device used in water management for irrigation that is able to directly estimate crop evapotranspiration. This estimate depends on weather elements and their interrelations associated with the correct device setting. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of maximum and minimum air temperature, average relative air humidity, average wind speed, and global solar radiation on evapotranspiration estimated by Irrigameter (ETI) under Southern Tocantins, Brazil, climatic conditions,, operating at different water heights inside the evaporator according to the season of the year. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six water heights in the evaporator as treatments with three replicates. Meteorological elements involved were obtained in an automatic meteorological station. Relative humidity and solar radiation showed a high correlation with evapotranspiration estimated by Irrigameter in all seasons of the year. On the other hand, the minimum temperature and the wind speed had little effect on the ETI. Keywords: irrigated agriculture, irrigation management, agricultural meteorology. 

A Comparative Study of Regression Models and Meteorological Parameters to Estimate the Global Solar Radiation on a Horizontal Surface for Baghdad City, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Moafaq K.S. Al-Ghezi ◽  
Bashar K. Mahmoud ◽  
Tamadher M.A Alnasser ◽  
Miqdam Tariq Chaichan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Horizontal Surface ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Monthly Average

. In this study, data of the monthly average of daily global solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface, relative humidity, maximum temperature, and duration of sunshine for the city of Baghdad were collected through two sources. First, from the Iraqi Meteorological Authority (IMA) for a period extending from 1961 to 2016. The second is from NASA, for the period from 1984 to 2004. Then, four linear regression models, two single and two polynomials were formulated to calculate the values of the monthly average of daily global horizontal solar radiation (GHSR) incidents. The models calculated the monthly average of daily extraterrestrial radiation and day length, using some data provided by NASA and the IMA. To ensure the validity of the used models, a statistical test was performed for the performance of the proposed models, using the indicators mean bias Error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) as well as mean percentage error (MPE). The validation shows the relationship between the measured and computed values (through the analysis of the results), where a great convergence was found between the measured and calculated values. This means that the proposed models can be adapted to predict global solar radiation. The highest values of measured solar radiation were during the month of June, which were 28.555 and 27.280 MJ/m2/day from the IMA and NASA, respectively. The same applies to the radiation calculated using the four empirical models. The month of June was the highest in terms of solar radiation values. The radiation values were 28.947, 26.315, 29.699, and 26.716 MJ/m2/day for the first, second, third, and fourth models, respectively. The lowest values of measured and calculated radiation were during the month of December. Always, radiation measured by the IMA was greater than those of NASA, as well as the values of radiation calculated in the two IMA-based models were greater than the other two NSA-based models. In the absence of a method for measuring the diffuse and direct (beam) solar radiations, as well as the lack of such values by meteorological authorities, and its paramount importance, they were reported to mathematically calculate them in this study. The values of statistical indicators RMSE; MJ/m2/day, MBE; MJ/m2/day and MPE% were (0.4769, 0.0164, 0.2207), (0.8641, 0.1773, -0.9680), (0.6420, 0.3996, -1.1487), (0.9604, 0.218, -1.0225) for the first, second, third and fourth models, respectively. According to the results of the statistical test, it can be indicated that the single linear regression model, based on the IMA’s data (model No.1), is the most accurate to calculate global solar radiation for Baghdad City.

Measuring Sub-second Wind Velocity Changes for Agricultural Drift One Meter Above the Ground

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Schramm ◽  
H Mark Hanna ◽  
Matt J. Darr ◽  
Steven J. Hoff ◽  
Brian L. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Velocity Changes

Abstract. Agricultural spray drift is affected by many factors including current weather conditions, topography of the surrounding area, fluid properties at the nozzle, and the height at which the spray is released. During the late spring/summer spray seasons of 2014 and 2015, wind direction, speed, and solar radiation (2014 only) were measured at 10 Hz, 1 m above the ground to investigate conditions that are typically encountered by a droplet when released from a nozzle on an agricultural sprayer. Measurements of wind velocity as the wind passed from an upwind sensor to a downwind sensor were used to evaluate what conditions wind may be most likely to have a significant direction or speed change which affects droplet trajectory. For two individual datasets in which the average wind speed was 3.6 and 1.5 m/s (8.0 and 3.4 mi/h), there exists little linear correlation of wind speed or wind direction between an upwind and downwind anemometer separated by 30.5 m (100 ft). The highest observed correlation, resulting from a 12-s lag between the upwind and downwind datasets, was 0.29 when the average wind speed was 3.6 m/s (8.0 mi/h). Correlations greater than 0.1 were only found for wind speeds exceeding 3 m/s. Using this lag time, it was observed that the wind direction 30 s into the future had a 30% chance to be different by more than 20° from current conditions. A wind speed difference of more than 1 m/s (2.2 mi/h) from current conditions [mean wind speed was 3.6 m/s (8.0 mi/h)] was observed about 50% of the time. Analyzing 36 days of the 2014 and 2015 spray season wind velocity data showed that the most variability in wind direction occurred with wind speeds below 2 m/s (4.5 mi/h). Greater wind direction variability occurred in the mid-afternoon with higher solar radiation. Keywords: Sprayers, Spray drift, Spray droplets, Turbulence, Wind effects.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid (PLTH) Angin dan Surya di Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Fadhli Fadhli ◽  
Ichsan Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Maximum Wind Speed ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant

The Wind and Solar Hybrid Power Plant (PLTH) research is expected to be able to contribute to assist the development of electricity supply in Aceh and gradually reduce and substitute the use of fossil energy. Hybrid Power Plant (PLTH) by combining wind energy and solar energy is a sustainable electricity supply technology that is increasingly popular because it is environmentally friendly and is not much constrained by land conversion. This research by measuring wind speed and solar radiation was carried out at selected locations in Aceh Besar District namely Lhoksedu, Lampuuk, Lambadeuk and Krueng Raya. The Lhokseudu location has a maximum wind speed of 6.3 m / sec and an average wind speed of 1 m / sec while solar radiation is a maximum of 764.90 W / m2, an average of 467.87 W / m2 and a minimum of 155.40 W / m2. Location Lampuuk maximum wind speed of 7.6 m / sec and average wind speed of 1.1 m / sec while maximum solar radiation is 1193 W / m2, average 678.74 W / m2 and minimum 30.20 W / m2. The Lambadeuk location has a maximum wind speed of 13 m / sec and an average wind speed of 1.3 m / sec while maximum solar radiation is 1589 W / m2, an average of 626.01 W / m2 and a minimum of 38.50 W / m2. The location of Krueng Raya is a maximum wind speed of 9.4 m / sec and an average wind speed of 3.1 m / sec while solar radiation is a maximum of 1019 W / m2, an average of 811.65 W / m2 and a minimum of 493.50 W / m2. Based on the results of data collection and analysis of wind speed and solar radiation that have been carried out including using secondary data / wind speed data from Blang Bintang BMKG Station at Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport and BMKG Indrapuri Station, it can be concluded that the more potential for PLTH development is the location Lambadeuk and Krueng Raya.

Radiation and wind projections for Poland based on downscaled EuroCORDEX ensemble

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Struzewska ◽  
Maciej Jefimow ◽  
Aneta Gienibor ◽  
Maria Kleczek ◽  
Anahita Sattari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Wind Speed Distribution ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Future ◽  
Most Significant Change

<p>Forecasted trends of solar radiation and wind speed serve as an input for climate risk assessment as well as the estimation of renewable energy potential in the future climate.</p><p>In the frame of the project “Adaption strategies to Climate Change in Poland” the projections of solar radiation and the wind speed were developed based on the EURO-CORDEX. The RCM results for an area covering central Europe with a resolution of 0.11 ° (approx. 12.5 km) were used. The analyses were carried out for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.</p><p> </p><p>To represent better the local variability the statistical downscaling was applied based on various historical gridded datasets (ERA5 and IMWM for the wind speed and ERA5, IMWM, and SARAH-II for the shortwave solar radiation). Ensemble analyses were undertaken to assess the projection uncertainty.</p><p>Solar radiation in the future climate shows a slight downward trend. The annual sum of solar radiation at the end of the century will decrease by 12 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> to 40 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>, depending on the scenario. The most significant change will occur in eastern and north-eastern Poland. Forecasts of average wind speed values do not indicate significant changes in the 21st century, although the wind speed distribution showed changes in individual months - an increase in the winter and a decrease in the summer months.</p><p>Results are available via the interactive climate web portal https://klimada2.ios.gov.pl/klimat-scenariusze-portal/.</p>

scholarly journals Mangrove Microclimate: A Case Study from Southeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Gilma Beserra de Lima ◽  
Emerson Galvani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Mangrove Environment ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Abstract A mangrove is a transitional coastal ecosystem between marine and terrestrial environments that is characterized by salinity and constant tidal flooding. Mangroves contain plant communities that are adapted to several physical constraints, including the climate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variations in climatic attributes (air temperature, relative air humidity, global solar radiation, wind, and rainfall) in the mangroves located in the municipality of Iguape, on the southern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In addition, it was determined whether the existing variation is related to the presence of the canopy environment. A microclimate tower was installed with two weather stations to obtain an analysis of the variation of the climatic attributes above and below the canopy. The results indicate that global solar radiation had an average transmissivity of 26.8%. The air temperature at 10 m was higher than that at the sensor at 2 m. The average rainfall interception for the mangrove environment was 19.6%. Both the maximum gust and average wind speed decreased by approximately 63.7% at 2 m. The mangrove canopy was found to be an important control on the variation of climatic attributes. On a microclimatic scale, the climate attributes had a direct influence on the spatial distribution of vegetation. Additionally, characteristics of the canopy are the main control for this variation, especially for the distribution of rainfall and the amount of solar radiation below the canopy, which influence the distribution of plant species in the environment.

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

scholarly journals Analysis of Performance of the Wind-Driven Pulverizing Aerator Based on Average Wind Speeds in the Conditions of Góreckie Lake

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2796
Author(s):  
Andrzej Osuch ◽  
Ewa Osuch ◽  
Stanisław Podsiadłowski ◽  
Piotr Rybacki
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Research Period

In the introduction to this paper, the characteristics of Góreckie lake and the construction and operation of the wind-driven pulverizing aerator are presented. The purpose of this manuscript is to determine the efficiency of the pulverizing aerator unit in the windy conditions of Góreckie Lake. The efficiency of the pulverization aerator depends on the wind conditions at the lake. It was necessary to conduct thorough research to determine the efficiency of water flow through the pulverization segment (water pump). It was necessary to determine the rotational speed of the paddle wheel, which depended on the average wind speed. Throughout the research period, measurements of hourly average wind speed were carried out. It was possible to determine the efficiency of the machine by developing a dedicated mathematical model. The latest method was used in the research, consisting of determining the theoretical volumetric flow rates of water in the pulverizing aerator unit, based on average hourly wind speeds. Pulverization efficiency under the conditions of Góreckie Lake was determined based on 6600 average wind speeds for spring, summer and autumn, 2018. Based on the model, the theoretical efficiency of the machine was calculated, which, under the conditions of Góreckie Lake, amounted to 75,000 m3 per year.

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