Anti-microbial Efficacy of Commercially Available Herbal Dentifrices on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Naziya K. Babu ◽  
I. Meignana Arumugham ◽  
R. Pradeep Kumar ◽  
D. Sri Sakthi ◽  
S. Shiva Shanmugham
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Almost All

Dental caries is a multi-factorial disease .Various chemically derived antimicrobial agents are incorporated to dentifrices to curb cariogenic microorganisms. There has been renewed interest in naturally occurring products in recent years, the side effects encountered with the use of synthetic formulations led to the surge for novel alternatives. To compare the efficacy of herbal dentifrices on oral microflora using antibiotic susceptibility tests. Two strains of microorganisms- Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans were taken and incubated in Mutans media, Sabouraud Dextrose agar respectively. Different dilutions (1:5, 1:10, 1:15) of several brands of toothpastes with different compositions were made. Sterile discs were incorporated with equal amounts of prepared toothpaste formulations. Then these discs were placed equidistant to each other followed by plates were incubated for 24 hours. Zone of inhibition is found to be higher in Ayush (30 mm), followed by Dant kanti, Colgate vedshakti, Meswak, Dantajeevan and Dabur red showing inhibition zones of 26 mm, 24 mm, 17 mm and 14 mm respectively. Results show that herbal toothpaste formulations were effective in controlling the oral microflora. The antimicrobial properties of the six dentifrices concluded that almost all the commercially available herbal dentifrices had antimicrobial activity to some extent.

scholarly journals Effect of fluconazole on viability of Candida albicans over extended periods of time.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2622-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Sohnle ◽  
B L Hahn ◽  
M D Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Infecting Organisms

The treatment of chronic mycoses may expose the infecting organisms to antimicrobial agents for extended periods of time. It is possible that an azole antifungal drug such as fluconazole, with primarily fungistatic activity in standard in vitro susceptibility tests, might be able to damage the fungal cells and reduce their viability over prolonged incubations under nonproliferating conditions. To test this possibility, Candida albicans yeast cells were exposed to various concentrations of fluconazole in RPMI 1640 tissue culture medium for 4 h at 37 degrees C, washed free of the drug, and then incubated at 37 degrees C for a 28-day period; enumeration of the remaining CFU at various times during this period revealed no increased loss of viability for the fluconazole-exposed organisms. However, when fluconazole was added to the organisms maintained in distilled water (with or without pretreatment with the drug), a marked reduction of viability was found. At 14 days of incubation with two strains of C. albicans, negative cultures were found for 7 of 10 and 10 of 11 samples, respectively, containing 1.0 microgram of fluconazole per ml versus 0 of 10 and 1 of 11 control samples (P of < 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). The effect of fluconazole on fungal viability under these conditions became noticeable at approximately 7 days and was greater when the samples were incubated at 37 degrees C rather than 25 degrees C. These findings suggest that fluconazole may have fungicidal effects on fungal cells during prolonged exposures under conditions in which the organisms are prevented from proliferating by lack of nutrients.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Jafarzadeh ◽  
Maryam Bidar ◽  
Sepideh Hooshiar ◽  
Mahboubeh Naderinasab ◽  
Mostafa Moazzami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and MUMS containing 2% chlorhexidine. Materials and methods All of the above irrigants were examined on Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei and E.coli. A total of 0.5 CC of each solution and 0.5 CC of McFarland solution bacterium were added to each examination tube. After 15, 30 and 45 minutes, colony count was performed for each tube. The difference in the number of bacteria indicated the effect taken by disinfectant material. Results MUMS containing chlorhexidine showed the antimicrobial properties just like chlorhexidine's effect against E.coli, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus casei in preventing these entire microorganisms to incubate. Sodium hypochlorite was not effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans incubated in 15, 30 and 45 minutes and Enterococcus faecalis in 15 minutes. Conclusion MUMS has antimicrobial properties similar to chlorhexidine. Clinical significance As MUMS containing chlorhexidine can transfer chlorhexidine through its own surfactant around apical area and it can open the dentinal tubules by its own chelator for more penetration of chlorhexidine, it may be a choice for canal irrigation. How to cite this article Bidar M, Hooshiar S, Naderinasab M, Moazzami M, Orafaee H, Naghavi N, Jafarzadeh H. Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS). J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4): 436-439.

Antibiotic-loaded tantalum may serve as an antimicrobial delivery agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (7) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sautet ◽  
S. Parratte ◽  
T. Mékidèche ◽  
M. P. Abdel ◽  
X. Flécher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Interobserver Reproducibility ◽  
Porous Tantalum ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibiotic Release

AimsThe aims of this study were to compare the mean duration of antibiotic release and the mean zone of inhibition between vancomycin-loaded porous tantalum cylinders and antibiotic-loaded bone cement at intervals, and to evaluate potential intrinsic antimicrobial properties of tantalum in an in vitro medium environment against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).Materials and MethodsTen porous tantalum cylinders and ten cylinders of cement were used. The tantalum cylinders were impregnated with vancomycin, which was also added during preparation of the cylinders of cement. The cylinders were then placed on agar plates inoculated with MSSA. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured each day, and the cylinders were transferred to a new inoculated plate. Inhibition zones were measured with a Vernier caliper and using an automated computed evaluation, and the intra- and interobserver reproducibility were measured. The mean inhibition zones between the two groups were compared with Wilcoxon’s test.ResultsMSSA was inhibited for 12 days by the tantalum cylinders and for nine days by the cement cylinders. At day one, the mean zone of inhibition was 28.6 mm for the tantalum and 19.8 mm for the cement group (p < 0.001). At day ten, the mean zone of inhibition was 3.8 mm for the tantalum and 0 mm for the cement group (p < 0.001). The porous tantalum cylinders soaked only with phosphate buffered solution showed no zone of inhibition.ConclusionCompared with cement, tantalum could release antibiotics for longer. Further studies should assess the advantages of using antibiotic-loaded porous tantalum implants at revision arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:848–851.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Acrylic Resin Incorporated with Propolis Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Arab ◽  
Abbas Bahador ◽  
Ahmad Sodagar ◽  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Azam Akhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Component Test ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Microbial Growth Inhibition ◽  
Removable Appliances

Objectives: One of the main problems with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) used for the fabrication of oral removable appliances is plaque accumulation due to surface porosities. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents in this material might help tackle this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of PMMA acrylic resin incorporated with propolis nanoparticles (PNPs). Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial properties of acrylic resin incorporated with PNPs were assessed against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Acrylic discs were fabricated in four groups: A control group without PNPs and three experimental groups containing 0.5%, 1% and 2% concentrations of PNPs. Disc agar diffusion (DAD) test was performed to determine the antimicrobial effects of PNPs by measuring the microbial growth inhibition zones on Muller-Hinton agar plates. The eluted components test evaluated the viable counts of microorganisms in liquid medium after 24 and 72h. Finally, biofilm inhibition test assessed the efficacy of PNPs for inhibition of biofilm formation. P<0.05 was considered significant.  Results: The acrylic discs failed to produce microbial inhibition zones in the DAD test. Discs containing 1% and 2% nanoparticles showed anti-biofilm effects on all four microbial species. The colony counts of all microorganisms significantly decreased following exposure to liquids containing nanoparticles after 24 and 72h in eluted component test. Conclusion: PMMA acrylic discs incorporated with PNPs presented some antimicrobial properties against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, L. acidophilus, and C. albicans.

scholarly journals Antifungal Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Paste, Double Antibiotic Paste with Fungicide and Calcium Hydroxide with Chitosan as a Vehicle against Candida albicans: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 394-401
Author(s):  
Seera Sudhakar Naidu ◽  
Vemareddy Rajashekar ◽  
Korrai Balaraju ◽  
Chava Gayathri ◽  
Garapati Harshitha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Antibiotic Powder ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Double Antibiotic Paste

Introduction: The purpose of current research is to assess the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of different medicaments with two different vehicles against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Materials and Methodology: An agar well diffusion assay was used to determine the experimental medicaments' efficacy against C. albicans. Medicaments were divided into six groups, which includes Triple antibiotic powder (TAP) with saline or chitosan, Double antibiotic powder with fungicide (DAPF) with saline or Chitosan, and calcium hydroxide with saline or Chitosan. The diameters of growth inhibition zones were recorded and compared for each group for three days, i.e., 1,4,7 days. The differences between groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The largest inhibition zones were observed for the double antibiotic paste + fungicide with chitosan and the smallest for Ca(OH)2 with saline. Over a week, zones of inhibition were consistent only with group V – double antibiotic paste with fungicide and chitosan as the vehicle. Conclusion: DAPF with chitosan is more efficient against Candida albicans. Since the endodontic infections are polymicrobial in origin, the combined local drug delivery of antimicrobial agents such as ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, doxycycline along with antifungal drugs such as fluconazole with an efficient drug carrier (chitosan) is recommended to combat the microbial load.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Leuconostoc mesenteroides biofilm against different microorganisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Asmaa S. Ahmed ◽  
Abdullah Awad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Back ground: Leuconostoc is one of the species of lactic acid bacteria that produced biofilms.Probiotic bacteria that produced biofilm  has  been used as naturopathy  against different microbial pathogens. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of  Leuconostoc  biofilm , against 24 isolates (4 of 6 different types) of food borne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Streptococcus mutans , Bacillus subtillus , Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sterothermophillus and Candida albicans. Materials and methods: using various concentration in vitro by filter paper disk diffusion method . Result: The present study showed the potent antimicrobial activity of the Leuconostoc mesenteroides biofilm against the all tested bacterial pathogens except  Bacillus species and yeast Candida albicans. Biofilm produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides  showed highest zone of inhibition (13mm) against  Escherichia coli  and lowest zone of inhibition (7.0mm) against Streptococcus mutans . Conclusion: Consequently, Leuconostoc mesenteroides biofilm may be used as an antimicrobial agent in food products to prevent spoilage.

scholarly journals AN IN VITRO COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF TRIPLE ANTIBIOTIC PASTE, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND ACACIA NILOTICA (BABBULA) AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND CANDIDA ALBICANS AS INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sumarlangki Sayoo ◽  
Shubhashini N. ◽  
Geeta I. B. ◽  
Bindu S
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), Calcium hydroxide and Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica) (Babbula) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) as intracanal medicaments. Materials and methods: The triple antibiotic paste mixture of (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline), calcium hydroxide, Acacia nilotica (Babbula) were weighed and mixed with polyethylene glycol and agar well diffusion method was employed to study the antimicrobial efficiency against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Results: All the intracanal medicaments showed zone of inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Among all intracanal medicaments used in the study Triple antibiotic paste produced maximum zone of inhibition followed by Babbula and least by Calcium hydroxide. Conclusions: Triple antibiotic paste showed the best antimicrobial efficacy followed by Babbula and least by Calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. More phytochemical studies need to be done. Further evaluation of concentrated extracts of Acacia nilotica (Babbula) could yield better results.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LEPTADENIA HASTATA (PERS) DECNE LEAVES EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac John Umaru ◽  
Fasihuddin A. Badruddin ◽  
Zaini B. Assim ◽  
Hauwa A. Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Antibacterial Potential ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Objective: This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potential of five leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata plant on some bacteria.Methods: Leptadenia hastata extracts were evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, was determined by an agar well diffusion method. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined.Results: The results showed that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata, methanolic and chloroform extracts displayed more activity with 1.10±0.10 mmab and 0.97±0.06 mmab where aSignificantly (p<0.05) higher compared to different extract at the same concentration bSignificantly (p<0.05) lower compared to the control, than others at 25-1000 ppm per well of the extracts tested.Conclusion: The present results showed the potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural antimicrobial agents, thus can be further used to determine the bioactive products that may provide as leads in the development of new drugs.

scholarly journals An in Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy of Local Brands of Toothpastes and Mouthrinses in Malaysian Market on Selected Oral Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
M Chandramohan ◽  
S W Chan ◽  
P Paulraj ◽  
P T Mohamed Javad ◽  
P Sajeesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Oral disease affects a considerable portion of population and is considered one of the major causes of tooth loss in developed and developing countries. An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of toothpastes and mouthrinses towards oral pathogens which are found to cause most of the oral diseases such as gingivitis and dental plague. In this study, a total of five toothpastes and four mouthrinses were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against five oral pathogens such as Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streprococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The efficacy of different concentration of the toothpastes and mouthrinses were assessed by agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc least square differences (LSD) method (p=0.05). Toothpaste B gave the maximum zone of inhibition against tested organisms, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus oralis. Toothpaste C and E gave the maximum zone of inhibition against Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans respectively. Toothpaste A was most effective against Candida albicans. Mouthrinse G was most effective against Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis and Candida albicans. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that dentifrices which contain fluoride and cetylpyridium chloride formulation gave the maximum zone of inhibition against the tested organisms compared to other active ingredients.

scholarly journals A Novel Developed Bioactive Composite Resin Containing Silver/Zinc Oxide (Ag/ZnO) Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Material against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mojgan Kachoei ◽  
Baharak Divband ◽  
Mahdi Rahbar ◽  
Mahdiyeh Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Milad Ghanizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Mean

Aim. The objectives of this study were to develop a new bioactive composite resin containing silver/zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) nanoparticles and investigate the effects on mechanical, cytotoxic, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. Materials and Methods. Disc-shaped specimens were prepared from composite with and without nanoparticles in separate culture media containing Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans. Bracket bonding evaluation was performed on composite without nanoparticles (O), composite containing ZnO (Z) nanoparticles, composite containing ZnO nanoparticles and silver ions (A&Z), and composite containing Ag/ZnO nanoparticles (AZ) synthesized using optical precipitation. Results. Composite resin with nanoparticles (AZ, A&Z, and Z) showed significant antimicrobial properties ( P  < 0.05). The mean shear bond strength of A&Z composite resin (13.61 ± 0.73 MPa) was significantly less than that of conventional composite resin (19.03 ± 4.12 MPa) ( P  < 0.05). In addition, the mean shear bond strength of AZ composite resin (20.49 ± 1.03 MPa) was significantly higher than that of Z (16.35 ± 1.03 MPa) and A&Z composite resins. Conclusions. Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles and their compounds into orthodontic composite resins induced antibacterial properties against oral pathogens, and of all these nanoparticles, the AZ group exhibited the best antimicrobial activity and highest shear bond strength.

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