scholarly journals A Current Review on Analytical Tools for Determination of New Oral Antidiabetic Drugs, Empagliflozin, Linagliptin and Biguanides in Bulk Materials, Pharmaceuticals & Biological Samples

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
S. Baokar ◽  
K. Mane ◽  
A. Bhujbal ◽  
S. Pharande ◽  
G. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Bioanalytical Assays ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
A Current ◽  
Metformin Hcl

Worldwide the R & D divisions of Pharma industry are actively involved in the development of new therapeutic agents. These agents may be either new entities or partial structural modification of the existing one. The recent FDA statistics represent that the average number of drug filings are increasing every year in the thrust areas like anti-cancer agents, anti-diabetic, antibiotics, cardio-vascular drugs, respiratory drugs etc. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and biguanides are effective oral anti-diabetic agents used in treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, the necessity to explore and compare the existing analytical and bioanalytical assays used for determination of such drugs either single or in combination is crucial. Many methods were reported in the literature for the bio-analysis and analysis of four novel gliptins combinations, empagliflozin-linagliptin, empagliflozin-metformin HCl, linagliptin-metformin HCl, empagliflozin-linagliptin-metformin HCl combination with application on Glyxambi®, Synjardy®, Jentadueto®, Trijardy® XR tablets respectively. Furthermore, this review offered an overview of different methods used for determination of every drug alone as empagliflozin from SGLT-2 inhibitors, linagliptin from DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin from biguanides in a tabulated comparative way. Moreover, the current review emphasizes the most common stability indicating assays to be of interest to the analysts in the area of drug control. This review helps in understanding the further need for the development of analytical methods for the estimation of such drugs.

SUMMARY OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS METHODS OF ANTI DIABETIC GLIFLOZINS EMPAGLIFLOZIN, CANAGLIFLOZIN AND DAPAGLIFLOZIN

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (07) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
W. A Zaghary ◽  
S. Mowaka ◽  
M. S. Hendy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Bioanalytical Assays

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are relatively new developed effective oral anti-diabetic agents used in treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. They present either alone or in combination with other ant diabetic agents such as linagliptin, Saxagliptin and metformin. Therefore, the necessity to explore and compare the existing analytical and bioanalytical assays used for determination of such drugs either single or in combination is crucial. Many methods were reported in the literature for the bio-analysis and analysis of three novel gliflozins with applying the method on different dosage forms and different chemical and biological samples. Furthermore, this review offered an overview of different methods used for determination of every drug alone in a tabulated comparative way. Moreover, the present review emphasized the most common stability indicating assays to be of interest to the analysts in the area of drug control.

scholarly journals Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a current review

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Augusto Bacelar de Athayde ◽  
José Ricardo Bandeira de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Geraldo Lorenzi Filho ◽  
Pedro Rodrigues Genta
Keyword(s):  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Current Review ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
Obesity Hypoventilation ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACT Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as the presence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²) and daytime arterial hypercapnia (PaCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg) in the absence of other causes of hypoventilation. OHS is often overlooked and confused with other conditions associated with hypoventilation, particularly COPD. The recognition of OHS is important because of its high prevalence and the fact that, if left untreated, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the present review, we address recent advances in the pathophysiology and management of OHS, the usefulness of determination of venous bicarbonate in screening for OHS, and diagnostic criteria for OHS that eliminate the need for polysomnography. In addition, we review advances in the treatment of OHS, including behavioral measures, and recent studies comparing the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure with that of noninvasive ventilation.

scholarly journals Analytical tools for determination of new oral antidiabetic drugs, glitazones, gliptins, gliflozins and glinides, in bulk materials, pharmaceuticals and biological samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gumieniczek ◽  
Anna Berecka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Analytical Tools

AbstractThe review presents analytical methods for determination of new oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), focusing on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists (glitazones), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (gliptins) and sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (gliflozins). Drugs derived from prandial glucose regulators, such as glinides, are considered because they are present in some new therapeutic options. The review presents analytical procedures suitable for determination of the drugs in bulk substances, such as pharmaceuticals and biological samples, including HPLC-UV, HPLC/LC-MS, TLC/HPTLC, CE/CE-MS, spectrophotometric (UV/VIS), spectrofluorimetric and electrochemical methods, taken from the literature over the past ten years (2006-2016). Some new procedures for extraction, separation and detection of the drugs, including solid phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers (SPE-MIP), liquid phase microextraction using porous hollow fibers (HP-LPME), HILIC chromatography, micellar mobile phases, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and isotopically labeled internal standards, are discussed.

scholarly journals Lignans from Bursera fagaroides: Chemistry, Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Mechanism. A Current Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Mayra Antúnez-Mojica ◽  
Antonio Romero-Estrada ◽  
Israel Hurtado-Díaz ◽  
Alfonso Miranda-Molina ◽  
Laura Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Medicinal Tree ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
A Current

Bursera fagaroides is a medicinal tree endemic to México, it belongs to the Burseraceae family and has proven antitumor activity. Modern research, performed principally with the bark extracts, have indicated that lignans are the main active constituents of B. fagaroides, with a high content of aryltetralin, aryldihydronaphtalene, dibenzylbutirolactone, and dibenzylbutane-type lignans as the constituents of the active extracts. In general, lignans from B. fagaroides exhibited potent anti-cancer activity, although antitumor, anti-bacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties have also been described. This review covers literature-reported lignans from B. fagaroides, chemical structures, nomenclature, chromatographic techniques of isolation, characterization strategies, and highlights the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of lignans. Evaluation of the anticancer function of lignans has been extensively investigated since the cytotoxic in vitro results and in vivo assays in mice and zebrafish models to the tubulin molecular recognition by NMR. Also, we discuss the future direction for studying this important plant species and its lignan metabolites.

Mechanisms underlying heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cardio Vascular

The prevalence of heart failure is markedly increased in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Numerous observational studies suggest that this increased risk for heart failure can be attributed to exacerbated vascular complications and the presence of increased risk factors in diabetic subjects. In addition, experimental studies revealed the presence of a number of distinct molecular alterations in the myocardium that occur independently of vascular disease and hypertension. Many of these molecular alterations are similarly observed in failing hearts of nondiabetic patients and have thus been proposed to contribute to the increased risk for heart failure in diabetes. The interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms of impaired cardio- vascular outcomes in diabetic individuals has much increased since the demonstration of cardioprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in recent clinical trials. The current review therefore summarizes the distinct mechanisms that have been proposed to increase the risk for heart failure in diabetes mellitus.

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