scholarly journals The Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Persicaria odorata: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-279
Author(s):  
Nurfaizah Azmi ◽  
Ezza Izzati Zulkurnain ◽  
Salfarina Ramli ◽  
Richard Johari James ◽  
Hasseri Halim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Complementary Medicines ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Essential Chemical ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 88% of its member or 61 countries acknowledge the use of traditional and complementary medicines. Persicaria odorata is being used as traditional herbs to treat fever, nausea and promoting hair growth. Besides, it is used as an anti-inflammatory agent in Vietnam to relieve swelling and treat wounds, sores, and ulcers. This review aims to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological status of P. odorata. P. odorata is a plant with a high content of phenols and flavonoids. Among the essential chemical constituents in the P. odorata are methyl gallate, (+)-catechin, eupatoriochromene, n-dodecanal, polygonumins A, α-humulene and anthraquinone. P. odorata also exerts many pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer effects. The commonly used part of P. odorata for extraction are leaves followed by the aerial part, rhizomes and stems. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to identify the efficacy and toxicity of P. odorata. New drugs could be developed from the active compounds of P. odorata in the future.

scholarly journals A Review on the Cosmeceutical and External Applications ofNigella sativa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Eid ◽  
Nagib A. Elmarzugi ◽  
Laila M. Abu Ayyash ◽  
Maher N. Sawafta ◽  
Hadeel I. Daana
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Wound Healing Effect ◽  
Health Organization

It is estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that most of the world’s population depends on herbal medicine for their health care.Nigella sativa (N. sativa),also known as black-caraway and as “Kalonji,” is a well-known seed all over the world. It is one of the most common medicinal plants worldwide and contains many useful chemical constituents that we can find in its fixed oil, such as thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, nigellicine, carvacrol, nigellimine, nigellicine, nigellidine, and alpha-hederin. Due to these numerous important ingredients it was found that it affects different areas of our body and has many pharmacological effects as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effect and also for acne vulgaris, skin cancer, pigmentation, and many cosmeceutical applications. Based on the folklore usage ofN. sativaseeds and oil, they are used in various systems of food and medicines. The aim of this article is to provide a detailed survey of the literature of cosmeceutical and external applications ofN. sativawhich is expected to stimulate further studies on this subject.

Antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, allies or foes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147
Author(s):  
Bruno Rivas-Santiago ◽  
Flor Torres-Juarez
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has become a serious public health issue in recent years, although increasing incidence has been controlled, deaths caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been accentuated due to the emerging of multi-drug resistant strains and the comorbidity with diabetes mellitus and HIV. This situation is threatening the goals of World Health Organization (WHO) to eradicate tuberculosis in 2035. WHO has called for the creation of new drugs as an alternative for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, among the plausible molecules that can be used are the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides have demonstrated remarkable efficacy to kill mycobacteria in vitro and in vivo in experimental models, nevertheless, these peptides not only have antimicrobial activity but also have a wide variety of functions such as angiogenesis, wound healing, immunomodulation and other well-described roles into the human physiology. Therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis using AMPs must be well thought prior to their clinical use; evaluating comorbidities, family history and risk factors to other diseases, since the wide function of AMPs, they could lead to collateral undesirable effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of tolerability between quetiapine and haloperidol in schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Naba Raj Koirala ◽  
Manisha Chapagain ◽  
Pratikchya Tulachan ◽  
Siquafa Zafreen
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Health Organization

Schizophrenia is a serious, disabling, often lifetime condition, which can produce severe functional impairment in patients. The life time morbidity risk for schizophrenia is estimated to be 1% and account for 2.8% of the total global YLDs. The World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems report of 2006 done in Nepal states in Nepal states that 12% of the patients are diagnosed as schizophrenia in out-patient mental facilities, 14% in community based psychiatry inpatient units and 34% in mental hospital. Atypical antipsychotics are the first line agents recommended for the treatment of schizophrenia considering better efficacy at least in the negative symptoms and better side-effect profile compared with typical antipsychotic. Haloperidol has been used as a standard comparator in numerous trials and new drugs have been compared to it to establish their efficacy, and safety profile. As the authors could not find out any such study which had compared the safety profile of quetipine against conventional antipsychotic, hence this present study is purposed to carry as an attempt to address this issue among Nepalese population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i1.7289 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.1(1) 2011 59-64

scholarly journals Lavandulae aetheroleum Oil: A Review on Phytochemical Screening, Medicinal Applications, and Pharmacological Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 9836-9847
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Experimental Pharmacology ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lavandulae aetheroleum, the oil, was obtained by vapor condensation from the flower of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel (Lamiaceae) plant. Other names of Lavandulae aetheroleum oil are Al birri, common or English lavender. The Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel plant is spreading in the Mediterranean, southern Europe, Bulgaria, Russia, and USA. The Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel plant, is an odor shrub with 1-2 m in height. The oil is a clear, colorless, or pale yellow. The gas chromatography studies reported the following percentage of the major chemical constituents in the oil: linalyl acetate (25-46%), linalool (20-45%), terpinen-4-ol (1.2-6.0%), lavendulyl acetate (> 1.0%), 1,8-cineole (1,8-cineol, cineol, cineole, eucalyptol) (< 2.5%), 3-octanone (< 2.5%), camphor (< 1.2%), limonene (< 1.0%), and α-terpineol (< 2.0%). Medicinal applications of the oil include the treatment of restlessness, anxiety, cardiovascular disorders, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders, burns, diarrhea, headache, sore throats, and wounds. Pharmacological effects include experimental and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antispasmodic, central nervous system depressant effects. Clinical pharmacology includes anxiolytic, analgesic, and cardiovascular effects. The oil dose by inhalation = 0.06-0.2 ml/ 3 times/day while oil dose internally = 1-4 drops approximately 20-80 mg on a sugar cube per day. In conclusion, Lavandulae aetheroleum oil had an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antispasmodic, central nervous system depressant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and cardiovascular effects.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis: Development of New Drugs and Treatment Regimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Soedarsono Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Who Guideline

Tuberculosis (TB) still becomes a public health crisis. Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) becomes a concern as the increasing DR-TB cases in countries with high TB burden. The 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) guideline recommended a combination of TB treatment consisting of 2 months of intensive phase with isoniazid (H), rifampisin (R), pyrazinamid (Z), and ethambutol (E), followed by 4 months of continuation phase with HR daily. WHO has updated DR-TB treatment guidelines several times. In 2016, WHO recommended shorter regimen and individual regimen based on certain conditions. The most updated 2020 WHO guideline recommended the short regimen consisting of all oral drugs as well as changes in the grouping of medicines used in DR-TB regimens in longer/individual regimens. Bedaquiline, delamanid, pretomanid, and sutezolid are new drugs which have been studied for their uses as anti-TB drugs (ATD). Bedaquilin and delamanid, which have passed phase 3 trials, have been approved and recommended by WHO for DR-TB treatment. Repurposed drugs have been used for DR-TB treatment during the time of evaluation of drugs list and regimens for DR-TB treatment. Fluoroquinolones, clofazimine, linezolid, carbapenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are repurposed drugs. TB and DR-TB management will be updated at any time, based on the latest findings in studies, to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of current treatments. Prevention of active TB disease by the treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) is also a critical component of the end TB strategy by WHO. Therefore, the development of new drugs for the LTBI treatment is also needed.

Bioactive Natural Medicinal Plants in South Indian Western Ghats and Their Pharmacological Importance

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
M. Tamizharasi ◽  
R. Rajila ◽  
D. Beula Shiny ◽  
J. Vijila Jasmin ◽  
T. Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Awareness of traditional knowledge and medicinal plants can play a key role in the utilization and discovery of natural plant resources. Plants became the basis of medicine system throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. Researchers generally agree that natural products from plants and other organisms have been the most consistently successful source for ideas for new drugs. The world health organization estimates that 80% of the population living in the developing countries relies exclusively on traditional medicine for their primary health care. More than half of the world's population still relies entirely on plants for medicines, and plants supply the active ingredients of most traditional medical products. The review shows the south Indian medicinal plant products has been used by people to treat various health ailments.

scholarly journals TB Elimination Requires Discovery and Development of Transformational Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lienhardt ◽  
Mario C. Raviglione
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Combination Regimens

The World Health Organization (WHO) End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy has set ambitious targets to reduce 2015 TB incidence and deaths by 80% and 90%, respectively, by the year 2030. Given the current rate of TB incidence decline (about 2% per year annually), reaching these targets will require new transformational tools and innovative ways to deliver them. In addition to improved tests for early and rapid detection of TB and universal drug-susceptibility testing, as well as novel vaccines for improved prevention, better, safer, shorter and more efficacious treatments for all forms of TB are needed. Only a handful of new drugs are currently in phase II or III clinical trials, and a few combination regimens are being tested, mainly for drug-resistant TB. In this article, capitalising on an increasingly rich medicine pipeline and taking advantage of new methodological designs with great potential, the main areas where progress is needed for a transformational improvement of treatment of all forms of TB are described.

scholarly journals Solidago virgaurea L.: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Cornelia Fursenco ◽  
Tatiana Calalb ◽  
Livia Uncu ◽  
Mihaela Dinu ◽  
Robert Ancuceanu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Solidago Virgaurea ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽  
Published Research

Solidago virgaurea L. (European goldenrod, Woundwort), Asteraceae, is a familiar medicinal plant in Europe and other parts of the world, widely used and among the most researched species from its genus. The aerial parts of European goldenrod have long been used for urinary tract conditions and as an anti-inflammatory agent in the traditional medicine of different peoples. Its main chemical constituents are flavonoids (mainly derived from quercetin and kaempferol), C6-C1 and C6-C3 compounds, terpenes (mostly from the essential oil), and a large number of saponin molecules (mainly virgaureasaponins and solidagosaponins). Published research on its potential activities is critically reviewed here: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, spasmolitic, antihypertensive, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasite, cytotoxic and antitumor, antimutagenic, antiadipogenic, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and antisenescence. The evidence concerning its potential benefits is mainly derived from non-clinical studies, some effects are rather modest, whereas others are more promising, but need more confirmation in both non-clinical models and clinical trials.

scholarly journals New Drugs for Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Twenty First Century Success Story

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Dickie ◽  
Federica Giordani ◽  
Matthew K. Gould ◽  
Pascal Mäser ◽  
Christian Burri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Competing Priorities

The twentieth century ended with human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) epidemics raging across many parts of Africa. Resistance to existing drugs was emerging, and many programs aiming to contain the disease had ground to a halt, given previous success against HAT and the competing priorities associated with other medical crises ravaging the continent. A series of dedicated interventions and the introduction of innovative routes to develop drugs, involving Product Development Partnerships, has led to a dramatic turnaround in the fight against HAT caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The World Health Organization have been able to optimize the use of existing tools to monitor and intervene in the disease. A promising new oral medication for stage 1 HAT, pafuramidine maleate, ultimately failed due to unforeseen toxicity issues. However, the clinical trials for this compound demonstrated the possibility of conducting such trials in the resource-poor settings of rural Africa. The Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), founded in 2003, has developed the first all oral therapy for both stage 1 and stage 2 HAT in fexinidazole. DNDi has also brought forward another oral therapy, acoziborole, potentially capable of curing both stage 1 and stage 2 disease in a single dosing. In this review article, we describe the remarkable successes in combating HAT through the twenty first century, bringing the prospect of the elimination of this disease into sight.

Multidisciplinary advisory teams to manage multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: the example of the French Consilium

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054
Author(s):  
L. Guglielmetti ◽  
J. Jaffré ◽  
C. Bernard ◽  
F. Brossier ◽  
N. El Helali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Health Organization

SETTING: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment should be managed in collaboration with multidisciplinary advisory committees (consilia). A formal national Consilium has been established in France since 2005 to provide a centralised advisory service for clinicians managing MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) cases.OBJECTIVE: Review the activity of the French TB Consilium since its establishment.DESIGN: Retrospective description and analysis of the activity of the French TB Consilium.RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2016, 786 TB cases or contacts of TB cases were presented at the French TB Consilium, including respectively 42% and 79% of all the MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases notified in France during this period. Treatment regimens including bedaquiline and/or delamanid were recommended for 42% of the cases presented at the French TB Consilium since 2009. Patients were more likely to be presented at the French TB Consilium if they were born in the WHO Europe Region, had XDR-TB, were diagnosed in the Paris region, or had resistance to additional drugs than those defining XDR-TB.CONCLUSION: The French TB Consilium helped supervise appropriate management of MDR/XDR-TB cases and facilitated implementation of new drugs for MDR/XDR-TB treatment.

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